医学院校研究生英语视听说（第四版）课件 unit 10 Section A Housing

医学院校硕士研究生英语

视听说(第四版）首都医科大学应用语言学系EnglishforGraduateStudentsinMedicalUniversitiesDepartmentofAppliedLinguisticsCapitalMedicalUniversityUnit10SectionAHousingOutlineBrainstormingMonologueConversationPassageBrainstorming

Exercise11.Adetachedhouseisahousewhichisnotjoinedtoanotherhouse.law,medicine,engineering.2.Asemi-detachedhouseisahousewhichisjoinedtoanotherhouseononeside.3.Aterracehouseisahousewhichispartofalineofhouses.Itisahousewhichisjoinedtootherhousesontwosides.Thehouseateachendiscalledan“endterrace”house.Brainstorming

Exercise14.Abungalowisahousewhichisonlyonefloor,nostairs.Itmaybejoinedtoanotherbungalowormaystandalone.5.Oatshouseswerenotoriginallyabuildingwherepeoplelived.Theywerepartoffarmbuildingsandwerewherehops(aplantfromwhichbeerismade)werelaidoutanddried.6.Ablockofflatsisalargebuildingwithmanyflatsinit.Brainstorming

Exercise2ThemostpopulartypeofhomeinEnglandissemi-detached(morethan27%ofallhomes),closelyfollowedbydetachedthenterraced.AlmosthalfofLondon’shouseholdsareflatsorapartments.Brainstorming

Exercise3semi-detachedhouse半独立式房子（一栋房子从中间隔开，成为两户人家，花园也用篱笆隔开）detachedhouse独立式房子（一家拥有）terracedhouses/rowhouses连栋房屋（互相连接的一排房屋；两幢之间只有

一层墙壁相隔）duplexahousedividedintotwoliving unitsorresidences,usuallyhaving separateentrances联式房屋：分为两

个一般具有各自出口的居住部分的房屋fence篱笆garage车库driveway车库通向马路的车道flat/apartment公寓blockofflats公寓楼lift/elevator电梯stair楼梯step楼外的台阶balcony阳台landlord/landlady房东rent房租houseleasingcontract/lease房屋合同Brainstorming

Exercise3furnishedhouse/apartment有家具的房

子/公寓unfurnishedhouse/apartment无家具的

房子/公寓singleroom单人间doubleroom双人间utilities水、电、煤气和垃圾处理等费用flatmate合住一套公寓的人；合租者lettingagency房屋中介agencyfee中介费homestay寄宿家庭（指和房东住在一

起，由房东提供食宿）realestate房地产mortgage按揭（指向银行借长期抵押贷

款，用来买房子）downpayment首付completedapartment/flat现房（指已建好供销售的房子）forwardhousingdelivery期房resoldapartment二手房affordablehousing经济适用房housingprice房价mortgageloan按揭贷款universityaccommodation学校宿舍

（住在大学提供的宿舍里）Brainstorming

Exercise3housingsystemreform房改real-estatemanagement房管real-estatemarket房产市场welfare-orientedpublichousingdistributionsystem福利分房individualhousingloan个人购房贷款commercializationofpublichousing公

房商品化housesbuiltwithfundscollectedbythebuyers集资房residentialconstruction居民住房建设 per-capitalhousing人均住房commercialresidentialbuilding商品房thevacancyproblemincommercial housing商品房空置policy-related/policy-basedhouse政策

性住房housingallowance住房补贴capitalizationprocessofhousingdistribution/ allocation住房分配货币化进程Monologue1.T2.T3.T4.FConversation

Exercise11.About40squaremeters.2.Therentis2,500yuanamonth.Amongtheutilities,onlygasisincludedintherent.Theyhavetopayfortheelectricityandwater.3.NextWednesday.4.Yes,theyare.PassagePassage1Exercise1I.1.T2.F3.T4.T5.FPassagePassage1Exercise11.intended2.preference3.decisive4.competitive5.tangible6.deemed7.material-oriented8.scoffed9.house10.matterPassage

Passage2Exercise1

HomeDesignordinaryheatedbysolarenergyExperimentsaddonanotherlayerGadgetsFingerprintrecognitiontechnologyBraintheshutterscloseautomaticallyLibraryGrabsitbackPassagePassage2Exercise21.Whatdotheintervieweesanticipatethefuturehousetobe?(1)Onewomanwantsaself-cleaninghouse.(2)Onemanwantsaneco-housethatusesrenewableenergyanddoesn’timpactontheenvironment. (3)Onewomanwantsadevicethatcouldcarryheruptobedwhenshefeelstired. (4)Onemanwantsahousewherehecouldwatchthefootballineveryroom. (5)Onewomanwantsarobotmanthatshecanturnoff.2.Whatwouldyouliketoseeinthehouseoffuture?I’dlikeabedthatcankeeptrackofmysleepandevenrecordmydreams.Unit10SectionBAge-relatedDiseasesOutlineWatchingandDoingWatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutDementiaDementiaisnotaspecificdiseasebutisratherageneraltermfortheimpairedabilitytoremember,think,ormakedecisionsthatinterfereswithdoingeverydayactivities.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisthemostcommontypeofdementia.Thoughdementiamostlyaffectsolderadults,itisnotapartofnormalaging.Howcommonisdementia?Ofthoseatleast65yearsofage,thereisanestimated5.0millionadultswithdementiain2014andprojectedtobenearly14millionby2060.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutOsteoporosisOsteoporosiscausesbonestobecomeweakandbrittle—sobrittlethatafallorevenmildstressessuchasbendingoverorcoughingcancauseabreak.Osteoporosis-relatedbreaksmostcommonlyoccurinthehip,wristorspine.Boneislivingtissuethatisconstantlybeingbrokendownandreplaced.Osteoporosisoccurswhenthecreationofnewbonedoesn’tkeepupwiththelossofoldbone.Osteoporosisaffectsmenandwomenofallraces.ButwhiteandAsianwomen,especiallyolderwomenwhoarepastmenopause,areathighestrisk.Medicines,healthydietandweight-bearingexercisecanhelppreventbonelossorstrengthenalreadyweakbones.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutSymptomsofOsteoporosisTheretypicallyarenosymptomsintheearlystagesofboneloss.Butonceyourboneshavebeenweakenedbyosteoporosis,youmighthavesignsandsymptomsthatinclude:Backpain,causedbyabrokenorcollapsedboneinthespine.Lossofheightovertime.Astoopedposture.Abonethatbreaksmuchmoreeasilythanexpected.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutCataractAcataractisacloudingofthelensoftheeye,whichistypicallyclear.Forpeoplewhohavecataracts,seeingthroughcloudylensesislikelookingthroughafrostyorfogged-upwindow.Cloudedvisioncausedbycataractscanmakeitmoredifficulttoread,driveacaratnightorseetheexpressiononafriend’sface.Mostcataractsdevelopslowlyanddon’tdisturbeyesightearlyon.Butwithtime,cataractswilleventuallyaffectvision.Atfirst,strongerlightingandeyeglassescanhelpdealwithcataracts.Butifimpairedvisionaffectsusualactivities,cataractsurgerymightbeneeded.Fortunately,cataractsurgeryisgenerallyasafe,effectiveprocedure.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutInsomniainSeniorsEveryoneexperiencesanoccasionalrestlessnight,buthavingtroublefallingorstayingasleepregularlycanseverelyaffectyourhealthandwell-being.Asweage,thiscanbecomeagreaterproblem.Insomniaisoneofthemostcommonsleepdisordersinseniors.Upto48%ofolderadultsexperiencesymptomsofinsomnia.WhatisInsomnia?Apersonwithinsomniahasdifficultyfallingasleepandstayingasleep.Notgettingenoughsleepatnightcancausedaytimesleepinessandinterferewithyourdailyactivities.WatchingandDoingWhatchangestoexpectwithsleepasyouage?Asweage,ourbodiesgothroughalotofchanges.Someofthesechangessignificantlyaffectourqualityofsleepandsleeppatterns.Someofthemostcommonchallengeswithsleepasweageinclude:WakingupearlyinthemorningGettingtiredearlierintheeveningWakingupmultipletimesinthemiddleofthenightWatchingandDoingHavinginsomniaAswegetolder,ourbodiescannotprocessthesleep-wakesystemsaswell.Thisisduetochangesinhormones.Forinstance,agingadultsproducelessofahormonecalledmelatonin.Thisissignificantbecausemelatoninregulatesoursleep.Whenwehavelessofthishormone,wedon’tsleepaswell.Oursleepcycleschangeasweage,too.Atypicalsleepcycleisdividedintofourstages:twostagesof“light”non-rapideyemovement(NREM)sleep,onestageof“slow-wave”or“heavy”NREMsleep,andafinalstageofrapideyemovement(REM)sleepbeforethecyclebeginsagain.Olderpeopletendtoexperiencelesstimeinthe“slow-wave”NREMstage.Thiscanmakethemmorelikelytowakeupthroughoutthenight,ultimatelyleavingthemtiredinthemorning.Manypeopledescribeitasafeelingofnevergettingenoughrestnomatterhowhardtheytry,leavingthemgroggyandsluggishduringtheday.WatchingandDoingI.Exercise11.True2.False3.False4.True5.TrueExercise21.damage,loss2.short-term,mood,behavior,personality,communication,perception3.Alzheimer’sdisease,vascular4.frustration,depression,impact5.regularphysical,balanceddiet,alcoholintake,mentally,controllingWatchingandDoingExercise31.Dementiaisn’tonedisease.Instead,itdescribesasetofsymptomsthatrelatetothewayourbrainfunctionsandhowwethink.2.Commonsymptomsofdementiaincludeproblemswithshort-termmemory,concentrationandplanning,changesinmood,behaviorandpersonality,confusionabouttime,peopleandplaces,difficultiesinlanguageandcommunication,changestoperceptionhowweviewandunderstandtheworldaroundus.WatchingandDoing3.Patientsupportgroups,bothonlineandinlocalcommunities,canhelppeopletoconnectwithothers,goingthroughsimilarexperiencesforinformationandsupport.It’sgoodtostaysociallyactive,asgettingoutandaboutcanhelptoimprovealertness,wellbeingandconfidence.4.Theseincluderegularphysicalactivity,eatingahealthybalanceddiet,stoppingsmokingandreducingalcoholintake,stayingmentallyandsociallyactive,improvinghearthealthandbloodvessels,forexample,bycontrollingbloodpressureandcholesterol.Withtherightsupport,manypeoplecanlivewellwithdementiaformanyyearsafterdiagnosis.WatchingandDoing5.OpenWatchingandDoingII.Exercise11.False2.True3.True4.False5.TrueExercise21.breakdown,tissue,calcium2.peak,30s,remove3.reduced,Secondary,hormoneproblems4.familyhistory,poordiet,medications,weight-bearing,lifestyle,alcohol5.vitamins,regularWatchingandDoingExercise31.Theskeletonismadeupofboneswhichprovidesupportandshapetothebody.Theyprotectsoftinternalorganssuchasthebrainandheartfrominjury.Togetherwithmuscles,strongbonesenablethebodytomovefreely.2.Osteoporosisisaconditionthatleadstoweakenedbones,causingthemtobreakmoreeasily.Healthyboneisdenseenoughtosupportandprotectthebodyandtohandlethestressesofmovementandminorinjuries.However,peoplewithosteoporosishaveabnormallythinboneswithlargerholesinthespongybone.WatchingandDoing3.Aftermenopause,awoman’sovariesstopmakingthehormoneestrogen.Withthedropinhormones,bone-removingcellscalledosteoclastsaremoreactivethanthebone-makingcellscalledosteoblasts.Bonesmaybreakorfractureeasilybecausethey’reunabletowithstandthephysicalstrainandpressurefromevennormalactivities.4.Buildingstrong,healthybonesthroughadietrichincalciumandvitaminsandgettingregularexercisecanhelppreventaswellastreatosteoporosis.Commonmedicationsforosteoporosisincludebifosphonates,amedicationcalleddenosumab,selectiveestrogenreceptormodulators,orSERMs,andcalcitonin.WatchingandDoing5.OpenWatchingandDoingIII.Exercise11.True2.False3.True4.False5.TrueExercise21.procedures2.cloudy3.surrounding4.restoration5.implanting6.standard7.extracted8.intact9.incisions10.minimalWatchingandDoingExercise31.Anestimated20millioncasesofblindnessworldwidearecausedbycataracts,acurableconditionaffectingthelensthatfocusesimagesontotheeye’sretina.2.Cataractscanbecausedbyeyeinjury,certainmedications,ultravioletradiation,diabetes,smoking,orsomegeneticdisorders.Butthemostcommoncauseisaging.WatchingandDoing3.SirHaroldRidley(1906-2001)wasaHouseSu