2023年中考英语语法复习专题-第6讲 主谓一致（原稿版）

2023年中考英语语法复习专题-第6讲主谓一致（原稿版）一．知识导图单数：动名词,动词不定式，单数概念做主语语法一致原则复数：and/both...and/复数概念做主语取决于主语：with/expect(就远原则)，分数/百分数+名词单数：1.时间、重量、长度等做主语­s结尾的名词如physics,maths,news等作主语时主语一致意义一致原则复数：1.trousers,glasses,clothes等作主语“the＋形容词”表示“一类人”做主语集体名词作主语either...or就近原则neither...nor，notonly...butalsotherebe/herebe一.主谓一致主谓一致是中考的高频考点之一。近几年主谓一直主要在单项选择和短文填空中能够考查。在做这类型题目的时候，首先要找出题干中的主语，然后根据“语法一致”，“意义一致”“就近原则”三个原则。考点一：语法一致谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。主语谓语例句动词不定式或动名词单数Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Watchingtheteapreparationisjustasenjoyableasdrinkingtheteaitself.看沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人愉快。one/everyone/eachone等＋of＋名词复数Eachoneofthestudentsisplayingbasketballintheplayground.每个学生都在操场上打篮球。不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothingNothingisawasteifyouhaveacreativemind.如果你有一个充满创意的头脑，没有东西会是废品。morethanone＋单数名词MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。thenumberof＋名词复数Whenthenumberofcarsisdoubled,thepollutionisalsodoubled,orevenworse.当汽车数量翻倍，污染也随之翻倍，甚至更严重。由and连接两个名词两个名词指相同的人或事物Thewriterandactorhascometotheparty.这位作家兼演员来参加了这个晚会两个名词指不同的人或事物复数Thewriterandtheactorhavecometotheparty.这位作家和这位演员一起参加了这个晚会。anumberof＋名词复数Onlyaverysmallnumberofpeoplemakeittothetop.只有极少数人可以攀上成功之巅。both…and…连接两个名词Bothhisfatherandhismotherareteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。some/alotof/lotsof/plentyof/mostof/therestof/allof/分数或有分数＋名词与主语保持一致Lotsofoldpeopleliketotakewalksthere,too.许多老年人也喜欢在那里散步。主语部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克和他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike，likehisbrother，enjoysplayingfootball.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球kindof,pairof,glassof＋名词与量词保持一致Thosepairsofshoesaretwins’.那双鞋是双胞胎的。Akindofbirdshasdisappeared.有一种鸟已经消失了。考点二：意义一致意义一致指谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义保持一致。1)表“时间、重量、长度、价值”等名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Threemonthshaspassedsinceyouleft.你已经离开三个月了。2)以­s结尾的名词如physics,politics,maths,news等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Thenewsmakesusexcited.这消息令我们激动。3)trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但若这些词被apair/twopairs修饰，谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。如：①Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜坏了。②Fivepairsofshoeshavebeensoldoutinthemorning.早晨卖出了五双鞋。4)“the＋形容词”，常表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。如：Theblindstudyinspecialschools.盲人在特殊学校学习。5)family/class/team/group等集体名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调整体中的每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：Thefamilyareallfondoflisteningtomusic.这家人都喜欢听音乐。3.就近一致就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。1)由or，not，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。如：EitherTinaorCarolissuretoknowtheanswer.Notonlymyfatherbutalsotheirfathersarecoming.NeitherJanenorIamgoing.2)therebe+并列主语结构中，be动词与邻近的主语保持一致。如：Thereisanappleandtwoorangesonthetable.广东中考真题()1﹣BothLiLeiandHanMeimei_______fondoftheTVprogramABiteofChina．﹣Iamalsodeeplymovedbyitsstories．A．is B．am C．was D．are()2．Robertwithhistwokids________tothebeachforvacationeveryyear．A．go B．went C．aregoing D．goes()3．﹣Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask？﹣Yes．Anothertendays____enough．A．is B．was C．are D．were()4．﹣David，there_____adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway．﹣OK.Mum.I'lldoitrightaway．A．is B．are C．has D．have()5．______thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets？Ihavenoideas．Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture．A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have提升训练一、语法选择（主谓一致专练）Ihadanunforgettableexperiencelastsummer.Myfathertookmeandmybrotheronacross-countrytraintour.We1.veryexcitedonthefirstday.Butsoon,interestdisappeared.Onthesecondday,mybrothercried,"We'rebored!"Mydadreplied,"Ihaveagoodidea.LetusplayagamethatIusedtoplaywhenI2.aboy.Thegame3.calledRock,Paper,Scissors.Iamgoodatplayingthisgame.Theruleissimple."Then,heshowedushowtoplaythegame."Themostimportantthing4.thatallthehandshavetocomeoutatthesametime."Wewereallinterestedinthegame.There5.anotherfivepeoplenearby.Weplayedithappilywiththem.Iwontwiceandmybrotherwonmore.Whatawonderfulday！()1.A.wereB.wasC.areD.is()2.A.amB.wasC.isD.are()3.A.wasB.areC.wereD.is()4.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()5.A.areB.wereC.wasD.is二、语法选择（主谓一致专练）Afternearlyfiveyearsofconstruction（建设），theBeijingDaxingInternationalAirport1.onSept.25,2019.Fiveyears2.reallynotalongtimeforbuildingsuchabigairport.SeatedinthesouthofBeijing,itistheworld'slargesttransportationhub（枢纽）.TheGuardianlisteditasoneofthe"sevenwondersofthemodernworld".GardensThere3.fivegardensattheendoffiveboarding（登机）gates.Attheendofthenorthernboardinggate4.theChinesegarden.ThereareChinese-stylebuildingsinit.Peoplecanhangoutinthegardenwhilewaitingfortheirflights.FlightterminalTheairportisverylarge.Ithastheworld'slargestflightterminal（航站楼）inasinglebuilding.Thebuilding5.anareaof700,000squaremeters—thesizeof98soccerfields.Thenumberofpassengershereeachyearmorethan100million.Theterminallookslikea6.starfish.Thedistancebetweenthecentralareaandtheeightfarthestboardinggate7.600meters.Itonly8.minutestowalkbetweenthetwo.ParkinglotTheparkinglotisinthesouthernpartoftheairport.It'sclosetotheflightterminal.Arobot-operatedparking9