专题03 完形填空-说明文（知识清单）（原卷版）-2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages1414页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页专题03完形填空说明文目录01知识脑图·学科框架速建02考点精析·知识能力全解【知能解读01】完形填空目录01知识脑图·学科框架速建02考点精析·知识能力全解【知能解读01】完形填空说明文五年高考考情统计【知能解读02】完形填空说明文五年高考考情解读【知能解读03】完形填空说明文满分思维导图03攻坚指南·高频考点突破【重难点突破01】完形填空逻辑关系解题思维导图【重难点突破02】完形填空利用因果关系解题【重难点突破03】完形填空利用条件关系解题【重难点突破04】完形填空利用让步关系解题【重难点突破05】完形填空利用转折关系解题【重难点突破06】完形填空利用对比关系解题【重难点突破07】完形填空利用并列关系解题【重难点突破08】完形填空利用例证关系解题【重难点突破09】完形填空利用时间关系解题04避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗【易混易错01】动词与介词/副词短语50例【易混易错02】be形容词与介词搭配50例【易混易错03】高考完形填空高频动词50例【易混易错04】完形填空高频短语50例05通法提炼·高频思维拆解【方法技巧01】完形填空说明文解题步骤【方法技巧02】完形填空说明文解题要领【方法技巧03】完形填空说明文常见失误及对策

01完形填空说明文五年高考考情统计卷别体裁词数主题2022全国乙卷说明文262实验证明孩子捉迷藏遮眼非自我中心是互尊2022天津卷说明文253修车匠丢车后推免费修车或者捐车授艺获赞02完形填空说明文五年高考考情解读一、高考考向说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为考生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。二、命题特点1.开头点题。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。2.结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3.难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。4.语言简练。说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。5.条理清晰。说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。三、结构模式说明文一般有两种结构模式:①总分式。包括“总—分”“分—总”“总—分—总”等具体形式;②递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构,一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分;时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排,事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程;逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果,具有严密的条理性。03完形填空说明文满分思维导图01完形填空利用逻辑关系解题思维导图02完形填空利用因果关系解题文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because,so,asaresult等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。[跟踪训练](2019年全国I卷)

Everyyearabout40000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They

41

withthemlotsofwaste.The

42

mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.

41.A.keep

B.mix

C.connect

D.Bring42.A.stories

B.buildings

C.crowds

D.reporters03完形填空利用条件关系解题条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if,unless,onconditionthat等。[跟踪训练](2016年北京卷)ThechildrenofNomewouldbe

37

ifit

(adeadlyinfectiousdiseasemainlyaffectingchildren)struckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.

37.A.harmless

B.helpless

C.fearless

D.careless

04完形填空利用让步关系解题一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，inspiteof,regardlessof等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及evenif,eventhough等。[跟踪训练](2016年天津卷)Lookingaround,hecontinued,“Cathyhasinspired

uswithherwill

andenthusiasm.

33

skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(财富)onecanholdistheheart.”

33.A.Although

B.Since

C.

Once

D.Because05完形填空利用转折关系解题当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思，

即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：however,but,onthecontrary等。[跟踪训练](2016年全国Ⅱ卷)

Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,

48

IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’saccident.48.

A.

and

B.

then

C.

but

D.

thus06完形填空利用对比关系解题当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while,whereas,not…..but,instead等。[跟踪训练](2017年新课标Ⅰ卷)Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwasprohibited.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58

,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave

caused

ustolearnless.58.

A.

Lastly

B.

Thus

C.

Instead

D.

However

07完形填空利用并列关系解题在用并列连词and或notonly…butalso把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。

[跟踪训练](2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)

Freddywasanaveragestudent,butnotanaverageperson.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandcompassion（同情）.Hewouldlaughtheloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone’s46

.46.A.misfortune

B.disbelief

C.dishonesty

D.mistake08完形填空利用例证关系解题解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean,be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(forexample/instance,namely等)。

这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。[跟踪训练](2017年北京卷)InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof

51

.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingtheeffortsofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.

51.A.praises

B.invitations

C.replies

D.appointments

09完形填空利用时间关系解题时间状语从句常由when,while,after,before,assoonas等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系，结合语境推断出最佳选项。[跟踪训练](2017年江苏卷)Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,strugglingacrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases，turningupatschoolforpracticehours

38

anyoneelsehadtobethere.

38.A.before

B.after

C.until

D.since

01完形填空动词与介词/副词短语50例1.addto：增加；增添Thefinesceneryaddedtothepleasureofthetrip.美丽的风景增添了旅行的乐趣。

2.agreewith：同意某人的意见、观点等）Iquiteagreewithyouonthispoint.在这一点上我完全同意你的看法。

3.applyfor：申请Hedecidedtoapplyforthejob.他决定申请这份工作。

4.arrivein/at：到达大地方用in，小地方用at）TheywillarriveinBeijingnextMonday.他们将于下周一抵达北京。Shearrivedatthesmallvillageyesterday.她昨天到达了这个小村庄。

5.askfor：请求，要求Heaskedforaglassofwater.他要了一杯水。6.belongto：属于Thisbookbelongstome.这本书是我的。7.careabout：关心，在乎Hedoesn'tcareaboutwhatothersthink.他不在乎别人怎么想。8.dealwith：处理，对付Idon'tknowhowtodealwiththisproblem.我不知道如何处理这个问题。9.dependon/upon：依靠，依赖Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.孩子们依靠父母提供衣食。10.getover：克服，恢复Shefinallygotoverhershyness.她终于克服了羞怯。Heisstillgettingoverhisillness.他仍在从疾病中恢复。11.calloff：取消Theyhadtocalloffthefootballmatchbecauseoftheheavyrain.因为大雨，他们不得不取消足球比赛。12.carryout：执行，实施。Wemustcarryouttheplanassoonaspossible.我们必须尽快实施这个计划。13.comeacross：偶然遇见Icameacrossanoldphotointhedrawer.我在抽屉里偶然发现一张旧照片。14.cutdown：削减，砍倒Weshouldcutdownonourexpenses.我们应该削减开支。Theycutdowntheoldtree.他们砍倒了那棵老树。15.giveup：放弃Don'tgiveupyourdreamseasily.不要轻易放弃你的梦想。16.handin：上交PleasehandinyourassignmentsbeforeFriday.请在周五前上交作业。17.holdon：等一下，别挂断；坚持Holdonaminute,I'lljustgetmycoat.等一下，我去拿外套。Holdon,youcanmakeit!坚持住，你能做到的！18.lookafter：照顾Shestaysathometolookafterhersickmother.她留在家里照顾生病的母亲。19.lookforwardto：期待I'mlookingforwardtomeetingyousoon.我期待着很快见到你。20.makeup：组成，编造，弥补Nineplayersmakeupabaseballteam.九名球员组成一支棒球队。Hemadeupanexcuseforbeinglate.他为迟到编造了一个借口。Youneedtomakeupthetimeyouwasted.你需要弥补你浪费的时间。21.putaway：放好，储存Putawayyourtoysafterplaying.玩完后把你的玩具放好。Heputsawaysomemoneyeverymonth.他每月都存一些钱。22.putoff：推迟，拖延Wehavetoputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek.我们不得不把会议推迟到下周。23.setup：建立，设立Theysetupanewcompanylastyear.他们去年成立了一家新公司。24.showoff：炫耀Sheisalwaysshowingoffhernewclothes.她总是炫耀她的新衣服。25.takeon：承担，呈现，雇用Hetookontheresponsibilityoforganizingtheevent.他承担了组织这次活动的责任。Thecitytakesonanewlook.这座城市呈现出一派新面貌。Thecompanytookon50newemployees.公司雇用了50名新员工。26.turndown：拒绝；调低音量等Heturneddowntheinvitation.他拒绝了邀请。Pleaseturndowntheradio.请把收音机音量调低。27.turnup：出现；调高音量等Hedidn'tturnupattheparty.他没有在聚会上出现。TurnuptheTV,Ican'thearclearly.把电视音量调高，我听不清楚。28.workout：解决；算出；锻炼Iworkedouttheproblemfinally.我终于解决了这个问题。Canyouworkoutthismathproblem?你能算出这道数学题吗？Heworksoutinthegymeveryday.他每天都在健身房锻炼。29.figureout：弄清楚；想出Ican'tfigureoutwhathemeant.我不明白他是什么意思。Weneedtofigureoutawaytosolvethis.我们得想出一个办法来解决这个问题。30.gothrough：经历；通过；仔细检查Shehasgonethroughalotofhardships.她经历了许多艰难困苦。Hewentthroughtheexaminationsuccessfully.他成功通过了考试。Pleasegothroughyourpaperscarefullybeforehandingthemin.交卷前请仔细检查试卷。31.fallbehind：落后Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,youwillfallbehindyourclassmates.如果你不努力学习，你会落后于你的同学。32.fallinlovewith：爱上Hefellinlovewithheratfirstsight.他对她一见钟情。33.getridof：摆脱，除掉Weshouldgetridofbadhabits.我们应该改掉坏习惯。34.holdback：阻挡；隐瞒；抑制情感等Theheavyrainheldusback.大雨阻挡了我们。Don'tholdbackyourfeelings.不要抑制你的感情。Heheldbacksomeimportantinformation.他隐瞒了一些重要信息。35.knockat/on：敲门、窗等Someoneisknockingatthedoor.有人在敲门。36.lookthrough：浏览；仔细查看Ilookedthroughthenewspaperthismorning.我今天早上浏览了报纸。Pleaselookthroughyourluggagecarefully.请仔细检查你的行李。37.passon：传递；转交Pleasepassonthemessagetoyoursister.请把这个消息转告你妹妹。Passonthebooktothenextstudent.把书传给下一个学生。38.putaside：储存；把……放在一边Heputsasidesomemoneyforhisfuture.他为自己的将来存了些钱。Putasideyourdifferencesandworktogether.把你们的分歧放在一边，共同努力。39.takepartin：参加Wealltookpartintheschoolsportsmeeting.我们都参加了学校运动会。40.catchupwith：赶上，追上Ihavetoworkhardtocatchupwithmyclassmates.我必须努力学习才能赶上我的同学。41.comeupwith：想出，提出主意、计划等Hecameupwithagoodidea.他想出了一个好主意。42.cutoff：切断；中断；隔绝Thefloodcutoffthevillagefromtheoutsideworld.洪水使这个村庄与外界隔绝。Ourwatersupplywascutoff.我们的供水被切断了。43.bringabout：导致，引起Thenewpolicybroughtaboutmanychanges.新政策带来了许多变化。44.bringup：抚养，养育；提出Shewasbroughtupbyhergrandparents.她是由祖父母抚养长大的。Hebroughtupanewtopicatthemeeting.他在会议上提出了一个新话题。45.carryon：继续Carryonwithyourwork,don'tstop.继续你的工作，别停下来。46.getalongwith：与……相处Hegetsalongwellwithhiscolleagues.他和同事相处得很好。47.getoff：下车；脱下衣服等Igetoffthebusatthenextstop.我在下一站下车。Getoffyourcoatandmakeyourselfathome.脱下外套，别拘束。48.givein：屈服，让步Don'tgiveintodifficultieseasily.不要轻易向困难屈服。49.keepupwith：跟上，不落后It'shardtokeepupwiththelatesttechnology.很难跟上最新的技术发展。50.makeout：辨认出；理解Icanhardlymakeoutthewordsontheblackboard.我几乎看不清黑板上的字。Ican'tmakeoutwhatheissaying.我不明白他在说什么。02完形填空be形容词与介词搭配50例1.beabsentfrom：缺席……Shewasabsentfromthemeetingyesterday.她昨天缺席了会议。2.beangrywith：生某人的气MyfatherwasangrywithmebecauseIfailedtheexam.我父亲因为我考试不及格而生我的气。3.bebusywith：忙于Heisalwaysbusywithhiswork.他总是忙于工作。4.benotedfor：因……而著名Hangzhouisnotedforitsbeautifulscenery.杭州以其美丽的风景而闻名。5.beacquaintedwith：熟悉……Iamacquaintedwiththeauthorofthisbook.我认识这本书的作者。6.beashamedof：为……感到羞愧Heisashamedofhisrudebehavior.他为自己的粗鲁行为感到羞愧。7.becapableof：有能力做……Sheiscapableofsolvingthisdifficultproblem.她有能力解决这个难题。8.becomposedof：由……组成Theteamiscomposedoffiveexperienceddoctors.这个团队由五名经验丰富的医生组成。9.becontentwith：满足于……Heiscontentwithasimplelife.他满足于简单的生活。10.bedependenton：依赖……Youngchildrenaredependentontheirparents.年幼的孩子依赖父母。11.beaccustomedto：习惯于Sheisaccustomedtothelocalfood.她习惯了当地的食物。12.beawareof：意识到Weshouldbeawareoftheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.我们应该意识到保护环境的重要性。13.befamiliarwith：对……熟悉Heisfamiliarwiththisarea.他对这个地区很熟悉。14.begratefulto：对……感激Iamgratefultomyparentsfortheirsupport.我感激父母的支持。15.beharmfulto：对……有害Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.吸烟有害健康。16.beloyalto：对……忠诚Heisloyaltohisfriends.他对朋友很忠诚。17.berelevantto：与……相关Whatyousaidisnotrelevanttothetopic.你所说的与主题无关。18.besimilarto：与……相似Yourdressissimilartomine.你的裙子和我的相似。19.befreefrom：不受……影响Weshouldkeeptheairfreefrompollution.我们应保持空气不受污染。20.bedisappointedwith：对……感到失望Iwasdisappointedwiththemovie.我对这部电影很失望。21.bepopularwith：受到某人的欢迎或喜欢Thissingerisverypopularwithyoungpeople.这位歌手很受年轻人的欢迎。22.bepatientwith：对某人有耐心Teachersshouldbepatientwiththeirstudents.老师应该对学生有耐心。23.befedupwith：对……极其厌倦I'mfedupwithhiscomplaints.我听腻了他的抱怨。24.befondof：喜欢Sheisfondofdancing.她喜欢跳舞。25.beguiltyof：犯有……罪Hewasfoundguiltyoftheft.他被判定犯有盗窃罪。26.beshortof：缺少Weareshortofwaterinthisarea.这个地区缺水。27.besureof：确信I'msureofhissuccess.我确信他会成功。28.beworthyof：值得Thisbookisworthyofbeingread.这本书值得一读。29.beallergicto：对……过敏Sheisallergictopollen.她对花粉过敏。30.becloseto：靠近；接近Myhouseisclosetotheschool.我家离学校很近。31.bedevotedto：致力于；奉献给Heisdevotedtohiswork.他致力于他的工作。32.beequalto：等于；能胜任Thistaskisnotequaltohisability.这项任务超出了他的能力范围。Idon'tthinkheisequaltothejob.我认为他不能胜任这份工作。33.beopposedto：反对Manypeopleareopposedtothenewpolicy.许多人反对这项新政策。34.bepoliteto：对……有礼貌Weshouldbepolitetoothers.我们应该对别人有礼貌。35.berudeto：对……粗鲁Don'tberudetoyourelders.不要对长辈粗鲁。36.becuriousabout：对……好奇Childrenarealwayscuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.孩子们总是对周围的世界充满好奇。37.befamiliarto：为……所熟悉Thissongisfamiliartomostpeople.大多数人都熟悉这首歌。38.bekeenon：热衷于；喜爱Heiskeenonplayingchess.他热衷于下棋。39.besensitiveto：对……敏感Sheissensitivetocriticism.她对批评很敏感。40.besuitablefor：适合Thisbookissuitableforchildren.这本书适合儿童。41.bethankfulfor：因……而感激I'mthankfulforyourhelp.我感激你的帮助。42.betrueof：适用于；符合于Thisruleistrueofallcases.这条规则适用于所有情况。43.beguiltyof：犯有……罪；对……感到内疚Hewasfoundguiltyoftheft.他被判犯有盗窃罪。Sheisguiltyoflyingtoherfriend.她对向朋友撒谎感到内疚。44.beamazedat：对……感到惊讶Wewereamazedathisperformance.我们对他的表演感到惊讶。45.beexcitedabout：对……感到兴奋Thechildrenareexcitedaboutthetrip.孩子们对这次旅行感到兴奋。

46.beboredwith：对……感到厌烦.I'mboredwiththismovie.我对这部电影感到厌烦。47.bedisappointedin/with：对……感到失望Shewasdisappointedin/withtheresult.她对结果感到失望。48.berichin：富含…….Thisareaisrichinnaturalresources.这个地区自然资源丰富。49.belackingin：缺乏……Theprojectislackinginsufficientfunds.这个项目缺乏足够的资金。50.beindependentof：独立于……Aftergraduation,shebecameindependentofherfamily.毕业后，她不再依赖家人。03高考完形填空高频动词50例1.abandon vt.遗弃2.accompany vt.陪伴；为…伴奏3.acquire vt.获得4.admit vt.承认；准许进入5.adjust vt.调节，适应6.adopt vt.采用；收养7.advocate vt.提倡，主张8.afford vt.承受得起；买得起9.allocate vt.分配10.analyze vt.分析11.appeal vi.呼吁；有吸引力；上诉12.appoint vt.委派，任命13.assess vt.评估14.assume vt.假定15.attach vt.附，系，贴16.attempt vt.企图，尝试17.average vt.平均18.bargain vi.讨价还价19.bathe vt.使沐浴（在光线里）20.bear vt.忍受；承受21.bite vt.咬；叮，蜇22.bother vt.打扰23.betray vt.背叛24.budget vt.预算25.calculate vt.计算，估计26.clarify vt.阐明，澄清27.confirm vt.确认，证实28.crash vi.碰撞；撞击29.cancel vt.取消，撤销30.claim vt.要求；宣称，断言31.commit vt.犯（罪）；承诺32.comprehendvt.理解33.compromisevi.妥协；让步34.contradict vt.反驳；矛盾35.convince vt.使信服；说服36.deliver vt.递送；发表37.declare vt.宣告；申报；声明38.deny vt.否认；拒绝承认39.dismiss vt.解散40.disturb vt.扰乱；妨碍41.donate vt.捐赠；捐献42.drag vt.拖，拉43.define vt.给……下定义44.deserve vt.值得45.distinguishvt.辨别，分清46.distribute vt.（有计划地）分发47.encounter vt.遭遇；邂逅48.evaluate vt.评估49.expand vt.扩大50.expose vt.揭露；暴露04完形填空高频短语50例1.ofgreatsignificance 具有重大意义2.beconsistentwith 与…一致3.consistof 由…组成4.tendtothebaby 照顾婴儿5.asscheduled 按计划6.toone’shorror 令某人恐惧的是7.haveapassionfor 对…有热情8.bepassionateabout 对…充满热情9.showsympathyfor 对…表示同情10.inaflash 一瞬间11.passonknowledge 传授知识12.inone’sabsence 某人不在的时候13.stepin 介入；插手14.liftbanson 解除对…的禁令15.attachimportanceto 重视16.kisssbontheforehead 亲吻某人的额头17.atthesightof 一看到…就18.atlarge 逍遥法外；整体上19.arisefrom 由…引起20.byaccident 意外地21.besubjecttosth 易受…影响22.relateto 与…相关；理解23.inconclusion 总之24.inacivilmanner 以文明的方式25.pullup （车辆）停下26.resultfrom 起因于27.bringabout 导致28.beexposedtosth 暴露于…29.beimmunetosth 对…有免疫力32.beworthyof… 配得上……30.givepriorityto 优先考虑32.atrisk 有风险33.toadegree 在一定程度上34.oweone’ssuccessto 把成功归功于35.inperson 亲自36.takeresponsibilityfor 对…负责37.gotogreatlengths 不遗余力38.intotal 总共39.gaininpopularity 越来越受欢迎40.cancelout 抵消41.gainaninsightinto 深入了解42.besensitiveto… 对…敏感43.bededicatedtodoing 专心于做…44.originatefrom 起源于45.beyondcontrol 无法控制46.ineffect 实际上47.teamupwith 与…合作48.risetoone’sfeet 站起来49.lookbackon 回顾50.showoff 炫耀01完形填空说明文解题步骤02完形填空说明文解题要领一、明确说明对象，理清段落关系。通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。二、弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。03完形填空说明文常见失误及对策一、词汇理解障碍熟词生义：常见词汇在特定语境中可能有不熟悉的含义，如“grade”表示“程度”而非“年级”，需结合上下文判断。词义辨析：形近词、近义词或固定搭配易混淆，如“invain”（徒劳）与“onpurpose”（故意）需根据语境区分。二、逻辑关系误判因果、转折等关系：需通过关联词（如“because”“however”）或上下文线索判断逻辑，如“虽然孩子遮住眼睛，但他们认为‘我能看到你，你也能看到我’”，体现转折关系。隐性逻辑：部分题目无明显关联词，需根据语境推断隐性因果或对比关系。三、缺乏全篇关联思维语篇层次题：答案需结合全文脉络、作者意图或段落间逻辑推断，如说明文可能通过首尾呼应或段落结构体现核心观点，需通读全文把握整体思路。四、常识与背景知识不足部分题目涉及科学、文化等背景知识，如“乞力马扎罗山的冰川融化”需了解其地理特征，缺乏相关知识可能导致误判。完形填空说明文完形填空说明文综合能力提升真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维01(2022全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn’t52toher.Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply58mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.41.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing42.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick43.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced44.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted45.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired46.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested47.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor48.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears49.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool50.A.event B.thing C.action D.accident51.A.Yet B.Now C.Soon D.Once52.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave53.A.instructions B.descriptions C.experiments D.assumptions54.A.comprehended B.predicted C.explored D.ignored55.A.partly B.honestly C.vaguely D.exactly56.A.responses B.approaches C.contribution D.sensitivity57.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose58.A.holdback B.relateto C.insiston D.makeup59.A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings60.A.tentative B.impressive C.creative D.effective02(2022天津卷)阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his17tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.ForPruitt,akeenbicyclist,thefirstthingtodowas19hisstolenbike.Butwhenhewentbikeshopping,hefoundfewavailable,whichgothimthinking:Whatifthe20ofbikeswasCovid-19related,andwhatifthepersonwho'dtakenhisbikereallyneeded21togettowork?Withthatthoughtinmind,Pruitt22aplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.He23tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepair-again24.Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn'thavethe25tobuyone.Thedaythepostwentlive,Pruittreceivedthirty26bicycles.Thencamemorethan50027fordetailedinformation.Bytheendof2020,Pruitthadrepairedmorethan140fordonationortobe28totheirowners.Pruitttriestogivehisdonationstofamiliesthatare29struggling.30simplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditionto31skills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.32,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment."It'sareallygreat33forkids,“saidaneighborinaninterviewwiththelocalnewspaper."Pruittiscertainlyprovidinga34,butit'snotjustthebikes.It'stherelationshipsinthecommunity.It'sthe35thathecanmakeonpeople."16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened17.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route18.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet19.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace20.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality21.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission22.A.cameupwith B.stuckto C.gaveup D.brokeawayfrom23.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered24.A.byaccident B.inadvance C.forfree D.oncredit25.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse26.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern27.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements28.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned29.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly30.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among31.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social32.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile33.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience34.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion35.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress03(2015广东卷)阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis2healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe6linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental7untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9.Nowthatthechancesofdying10aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The11inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee12,notdisaster.Today,manymenandwomenintheir"goldenyears"arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin13ifnotinage.Asoursocietygrowsold,weneedthe14ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto15activeandbedevoted.1.A.designed B.selected C.improved D.discovered2.A.completely B.generally C.apparently D.extremely3.A.rapidly B.harmlessly C.endlessly D.separately4.A.eventually B.hopelessly C.automatically D.desperately5.A.busier B.longer C.richer D.happier6.A.finishing B.guiding C.waiting D.dividing7.A.stress B.damage C.decline D.failure8.A.survive B.enjoy C.remember D.value9.A.problems B.fears C.worries D.diseases10.A.poor B.young C.sick D.quiet11.A.changes B.recovery C.safety D.increases12.A.dreams B.chances C.strengths D.choices13.A.mind B.appearance C.voice D.movement14.A.protection B.suggestions C.contributions D.permission15.A.sound B.appear C.turn D.stay04（2015安徽卷）阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The1isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof2becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto4anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.5modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland6.Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As8people,wearealwayslookingfor9tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies10thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso11totheproblem.Weare12buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat13isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To16theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe17,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.18,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions19throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout20.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw5.A.Thanksto B.Asto C.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes12.A.tiredof B.addictedto C.worriedabout D.ashamedfor13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger14.A.pickup B.payfor C.holdonto D.throwaway15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile19.A.by B.infavourof C.after D.insteadof20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising05（2010安徽卷）阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywrite