working-the-land学案4(高一英语)

课堂探究1．Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong­termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。剖析：1)本句的时态为现在完成进行时，其构成为：have/has＋been＋doing。Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonths.两个月来他们一直在建桥。AlltheChinesehavebeenworkinghardtomakeourcountryricherandstronger.所有中国人一直都在努力工作，以使我们的国家更加富强。2)现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，但现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果，不强调重复性；现在完成进行时着重表示动作的重复和动作的延续性。不能用于进行时的动词一般也不能用于现在完成进行时。如：Hehasfinishedhisworkandnowishavingarest.他已经完成了工作，现在正在休息。Ihavebeenworkinginthiscompanysincethreeyearsago.自从三年前以来，我一直在这家公司工作。考点however副词，意思是“然而”，常作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：It'sraininghard.However，Ithinkweshouldgotoschoolontime.雨下得很大，但我认为该按时上学。Onarrivinghome，however，hefoundhiswifelyingontheground.然而，他一到家，发现妻子躺在地上。Thestudentsthoughttheyhaddoneeverythingastheteacherdid.Theyweremistaken，however.学生们认为他们按老师做的那样做了每件事，然而他们错了。单项填空1)Tom______inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A．works B．workedC．hasbeenworking D．hadbeenworking2)Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms______allovertheworld.A．haveproduced B．havebeenproducedC．areproducing D．arebeingproduced3)Mr.Blacksaiditwasso；______，hewasmistaken.A．therefore B．otherwise C．besides D．however答案：1)C2)B3)D2．Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。考点buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发Manyalargeandbigbusinesshasbeenbuiltupfromsmallones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。Ourcountryhasbuiltupherfinereputationintheworld.我们的国家在世界上已逐步赢得好的声誉。Hehasbuiltupagoodbusinessovertheyears.几年来他生意做得很兴旺。考点延伸1)buildup还可意为“积累，积聚”“变得严重起来，(车辆)拥挤起来”。如：Thecloudsarebuildingup.云越聚越多。WhentheSpringFestivaliscoming，trafficbuildsupalongtheroads.当春节到来时，路上的车辆越来越多。2)buildup可用于被动结构。如：TheareahasbeenbuiltupsinceIbegantolivehere.自从我住在这儿以来，这个地区已经盖满了房子。归纳：bebuiltup在句中表示“建筑物遍布(某地区)”。3)派生词：buildingn.楼房；建筑物单项填空1)Bears______fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolastthemthroughtheirwintersleep.A．packupB．buildupC．bringup D．takeup2)PractisingChinesekungfucannotonly______one'sstrength，butalsodevelopone'scharacter.A．bringup B．takeup C．buildup D．pullup完成句子3)好的食物可以增强我们的体质。Goodfoodcan______us______.4)为了建设我们的城市，我们应该尽最大的努力工作。__________________ourcity，weshoulddoourbesttowork.答案：1)B2)C3)build；up4)Tobuildup3．Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。考点leadto导致；造成(后果)Whatonearthhasledtotheroad'sbeingcrowded?到底是什么导致了这条公路拥挤？Hiscarelessnessledtotheseriousconsequence.他的粗心造成了这个严重的后果。考点延伸1)leadto除了“导致；造成(后果)”的含义外，还有其他含义。如：TheroadnearmyhouseleadstoBeijing.我家附近的那条路通向北京。归纳：leadto在该句的含义是：通向2)同义词：resultin；cause3)lead重点短语归纳：leadbythenose牵着鼻子走leadin开始；导入leadtheway带路；带头leadsbtodosth引导某人做某事leadsbtoaplace引导/带领某人去某地如：I'mnotgoingtoallowanyonetoleadmebythenose.我不会允许任何人牵着我的鼻子走。Theteacherledinthenewlessonwithaninterestingstory.那位老师用一个有趣的故事导入新课。WehiredanIndiantoleadtheway.我们雇了一名印第安人带路。Whatledyoutotakeupactingasacareer?是什么使你从事演艺事业的？Whatledyoutothisconclusion?你是如何得出这个结论的？单项填空1)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A．thethiefhavingcaught B．catchthethiefC．thethiefbeingcaught D．thethieftobecaught2)TheearthquakeinJapan______thetsunami，threedaysafterwhich，ababywasmagicallyfoundalivewhilehervillage______inruins.A．leadto；laid B．ledto；layC．accountedfor；lain D．accountedfor；lied用lead短语填空3)Heisthekindofpersonwhocaneasilybe______.答案：1)C2)B3)ledbythenose4．Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。考点focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于Ican'tfocusmyattentiononstudywithsomuchnoiseoutside.外面噪音这么大，我不能把注意力集中在学习上。Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。归纳：focus(sth)on中focus既可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词。考点延伸1)focuson还有其他含义。如：Theastronomerfocusedhistelescopeonthemoon.这位天文学家把望远镜对准月亮。Todaywearegoingtofocusonthequestionofhomelesspeopleinourcity.今天，我们打算集中讨论我们市无家可归人群的问题。归纳：focuson在这两句中的含义分别是“对准”和“集中讨论研究”。2)focus作名词时，可作“焦点”“中心”讲。如：ThefocusofthischapteristheAmericanRevolution.本章的重点是美国独立战争。Shealwayswantstobethefocusofattention.她老想成为注意的中心。3)focus常用短语归纳：infocus焦点对准outoffocus焦点没对准bringintofocus使变得清楚；对好焦距comeintofocus清晰，明确；在焦点上单项填空1)Publicattentionatthemomentisfocused______theproblemsofindustrialrelations.A．into B．towards C．about D．on2)Thereporthadalltheattention______trafficaccident.A．focuson B．focusingtoC．focusedin D．focusedon单句改错3)Hefounditverydifficulttofocushisattentioninhistextbook.________________________________________________________________________4)Whenaphotographisnotinthefocus，itisn'tclear.________________________________________________________________________答案：1)D2)D3)in→on4)去掉the5．Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤可以减少病害，并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。考点reducevt.减少；缩减Thepriceoftheseshoeshasbeenreduced.这些鞋子的价格已经降了。Thenumberofthemiddleschoolstudentshasbeenreduced.中学生的数量已缩减了。考点延伸1)反义词：increasev.增加2)派生词：reductionn.减少；削减；降低与reduction相关的短语：makeareduction打折扣atareductionof打……折扣3)reduce相关短语归纳：reduceto降低到；落到某种境地；使(身体等)变得；化为，变成reduceby以……(的比例、程度)减少Hungerreducedtheyoungmantostealing.饥饿使这个年轻人沦落到偷窃的地步。Heisreducedalmosttoskinandbones.他几乎变得骨瘦如柴。Aftercarefulconsideration，thecompanydecidedtoreducethepriceby10percent.经过慎重考虑，该公司决定把价格降低10%。单项填空1)Theorganizationhopesto______povertyandhungerindevelopingcountries.A．reduce B．produceC．introduce D．contribute写出下列动词的名词形式2)produce______3)introduce______4)reduce______翻译句子5)我们需要做的事情是减少开支。________________________________________________________________________6)我可以把他的演讲简化为四个句子。________________________________________________________________________答案：1)A2)production3)introduction4)reduction5)Whatweneedtodoistoreduceexpenses/costs.6)Icanreducehisspeechtofoursentences.6．Thisalsokeepstheair，soil，waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。考点keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)Weshouldusenewenergytokeepourenvironmentfreeofpollution.我们应当使用新能源，使我们的环境免受污染。Keepthesevegetablesfreefrompoison.使这些蔬菜不含有毒物质。归纳：keep...freefrom/of中的free为形容词，在句子中作宾语补足语。考点延伸1)freefrom/of意为“无……的”“免除……的”“不受……约束的”。如：Theylikelivinginavillage，freefrom/ofcrowdsandnoises.他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。Shegottheticketfreeofcharge.她免费得到了这张票。2)keep重点短语归纳：keepaneyeon照看；密切注视keepawayfrom远离；避开keepback隐瞒；忍住(眼泪)keepcompany和……在一起keepoff(使)避开keepupwith跟上如：Pleasekeepaneyeonourbaby.请照看一下我们的婴儿。Wekeptawayfromthebigdog.我们远离了那只大狗。I'llkeepnothingbackfromyou.我将什么也不隐瞒你。Thepetcatkeepscompanywithhimeveryday.那只宠物猫每天和他在一起。Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草坪。Hedoeswhathecantokeepupwithhisclassmates.他尽他所能跟上他的同学们。单项填空1)Eatingwellandexercisingeveryday______cold.A．keepyoubackfrom B．keepyoufreefromC．keepyoucompanywith D．keepyouaway2)Thisnewkindofchemicalswillhelpkeeptheair，soilandwater______frompollution.A．freeB．empty C．loose D．short答案：1)B2)A7．Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears，forexample，growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.他们通常每隔几年就在一块土地里换种一次农作物，比如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌豆或大豆。剖析：本句中的现在分词短语growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans作伴随状语。考点everyfewyears每隔几年MybrothergoestotheUSAeveryfewyears.我的弟弟每隔几年就去一次美国。考点延伸1)表示“每隔几……”，需使用“everyfew＋复数名词”。everyfewmetres每隔几米everyfewthousandmetres每隔几千米2)everyadj.与数词连用，意为“每……，每隔……”，表示时间或空间的间隔。every＋基数词＋复数名词＝every＋序数词＋单数名词everythreehours＝everythirdhour每三小时(每隔两小时)Theyplantedayoungtreeeverytenmetresalongtheroad.他们沿着大路每十米种一棵小树。3)表示“每隔一……”，还可用“everyother＋单数名词”表达。everyotherday/year每隔一天/年everyotherline每隔一行单项填空1)Isawmyuncleinhospital______andneverfailedtodothat.A．everyanotherday B．everytwodayC．everyotherday D．everyotherdays2)—Howoftendoyoutakeabathinwinter?—______.A．Everytwoday B．EveryotherdayC．Eachotherday D．Twiceweek完成句子，每空一词3)你父母每三周来看你一次吗？Doyourparentscometoseeyou__________________？答案：1)C2)B3)everythreeweeks/everythirdweek8.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。剖析：句中makingitready...为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语，描述谓语动词发生后所带来的一种自然而然的结果。ManypeoplemovedtoNewYork，makingitthelargestcityintheUSA.很多人去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。考点延伸动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的，出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only，译为“(结果)却……”“只(只是……)”。Hewentoutofthestore，onlytofindhiscargone.他走出商店，结果发现汽车被盗了。单项填空1)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A．makingB．made C．tomake D．havingmade2)TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu，______the