Unit5 易混易错点辨析

PAGE2/2【名师原创】：Unit5易混易错点辨析●deep(adv);deeply【教材原句】Basedonthis,hebelievedhehadsportedanunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.(教材P50)【辨析】两者都有“深地”意思，但是用法有区别。deep做副词时，意思是“深地”，指实际深度，可以测量出具体深度，常用来修饰实义动词,常与into或below搭配。常见词组有：deepdown在内心深处,实际上；go/rundeep强烈；深厚；深入内心；digdeep(intosth)探究；搜集；细查；digdeepforsb.尽力为某人提供；deepintothenight深夜；deeply意思是“深深地；极其；强烈地；深沉地”，强调程度，不表示实际深度。常见词组有：sleepdeeply沉睡；breathedeeply深呼吸；thinkdeeplyaboutsth.认真思考某事。【例句呈现】Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthimdeeply.我那些无心的话一定深深伤害了他。Weweredeeplymovedbyherplight.她的困境深深地打动了我们。Heinhaleddeeplyonanothercigarette.他又点了一根烟深深地吸了一口。Shehadthoughtverydeeplyaboutthisproblem.她曾经对这个问题深深思考过。Theyweredeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeath.她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。Shewasdeeplyinvolvedwiththelocalhospital.她曾全心投入当地医院。TheSiouxareforceddeepintotheBlackHills.苏族被迫转移至黑山深处Theydugdeepdownintotheearth.他们挖至地层深处。Afarmerfoundsomebonesburieddeepbeneaththeground.一位农民发现了一些深埋地下的尸骨。Hesuspectedthatdeepdown,sheadmiredhimforhavingthegumptiontodisagreewithher.他认为，在内心深处她十分佩服他有勇气和她唱反调。DeepdownIstilllovedhim.我在内心深处仍然爱着他。Heseemsconfidentbutdeepdownhe'squiteinsecure.他好像很有信心，实际上却没什么把握。Dignityandpriderundeepinthiscommunity.尊严和自豪已深深扎根于这个群体之中。You'llneedtodigdeepintotherecordstofindthefiguresyouwant.你必须仔细查阅档案才能找到你需要的数字。【考点过关】用deep,deeply填空1.Theyhadtodigvery________inordertofindthetreasure.2.Ididn'trealizebuthewas________unhappyatthattime.3.We'reaskingyoutodig________fortheearthquakevictims.4.ThePresidentis________concernedaboutthisissue.5.Weknew_________downthatwecoulddoit6.Shefelthermother'sdeathvery________.7.Somewhere________beneaththesurfacelayacaringcharacter8.Opinionis_________dividedonthisissue.9.Mineralsareoftenfound_______intheground.10.Hisproblemsare_______rootedinhischildhoodexperiences.11.While________intheforestinawoodcutter'scottage，therelivedanoldman.12.Hiscommentswere_______offensivetoalargenumberofsinglemothers.13.Shewent_______intothewoods.14.Shewas________ashamedofherbehaviorattheparty.15.Ikeptreassuringthembut________inmyheartIknewwehadnohope16.Wewere________saddenedbythenewsofherdeath.【参考答案】1.deep;2.deeply;3.deep;4.deeply;5.deep;6.deeply;7.deep;8.deeply;9.deep;10.deeply;11.deep;12.deeply;13.deep;14.deeply;15.deep;16.deeply●include;contain【教材原句】TheMayabuiltimpressivepalacesandtemples,includingtheirrepresentativesteppyramids.(教材P50)Itcontainedmorethan800characters,withsomesignsrepresentinganimals,peopleandobjectsandothersrepresentingsyllables.(教材P50)Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,includinga“megadrought”around900AD.(教材P51)Thesemaysometimesincludewholecitiesburiedbeneaththewaves.(教材P56)Ancientcivilizationsappearedontheparallel,includingBabylon,withitsfamoustower;Egypt,withitspyramids;China,withitsSanxingduiculture,etc.(教材P59)Thiscreatsamazingnaturalfeatures,includingMountQomolangma,theDeadSea,andrivers,suchtheNile,theMississippiandtheYangtze.(教材P59)【辨析】两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。include表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include后面时，include用-ing形式，放在前面时，include用-ed形式contain表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。【例句呈现】Yourdutieswillincludesettingupanewcomputersystem.你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.I'vegotthreedays'holidayincludingNewYear'sDay.包括元旦在内我有三天假。ThemoviewonnineAcademyAwards,includingBestPicture.这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。Hotelaccommodationisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。Sixpeoplewerekilledintheriot,includingapoliceman.暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。Weallwent,meincluded.我们都去了，连我在内。Thecommitteeincludesrepresentativesfromindustry.这个委员会包括产业界的代表。Localactivitiesincludewalking,boatingandgolf.当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。Theboxcontainsoldphotographsandsouvenirs.那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。Thebottlecontainstwoglassesofbeer.这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。Thepillcontainsvitamins.这药丸中含有多种维生素。【考点过关】根据include,contain的用法用其适当形式填空1.Itwasfoundthatherblood_______poison.2.Thecityhasdozensoffactories,_______apowerplantandasteelworks.3.Thisdrinkdoesn't________anyalcohol.4.Sixstudentswereplayingtabletennis,twogirls________.5.Theirdiet________alotoffatatpresent.6.I________applesonthelistofthingstobuytoday.7.Howmuchwaterdoesthisbottle________?8.Weallknowthatthisbook_________tenshortstories.9.Seawater_________plentyofsalt.10.Myunclehasalotofduties,_________takingcareofthesechildren.【参考答案】1.contained;2.including;3.contain;4.included;5.contains;6.include;7.contain;8.includes;9.contains;10.including●remain;stay【教材原句】WhyMayacivilizationcollapseremainsamystery.(教材P51)【辨析】两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。remain意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：=1\*GB3①remain+adj.=stay+adj.保持….=2\*GB3②remain+n=stay+n仍然是…..=3\*GB3③remain+prep.+地点=stay+prep.+地点待在某地，但是，可以说stay(at)home，不能说remainathome,只能用remainhome，去掉at,两词组可换用。=4\*GB3④sth.remaintobedone某事尚待做=5\*GB3⑤itremaintobeseen+wh-从句…..有待观察/看/尚待定论=6\*GB3⑥thereremains….尚有…..remain可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”stay意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：=1\*GB3①stayfordinner留下来吃饭=2\*GB3②stayathome待在家里=3\*GB3③stayat/inahotel住旅馆=4\*GB3④staythenight=stayovernight=stayover过夜=5\*GB3⑤stayaway走开，不打扰=6\*GB3⑥stayin=stay(at)home待在家里，不外出=7\*GB3⑦stayon留下来继续（工作，学习）=8\*GB3⑧stayout待在户外，不回家=9\*GB3⑨stayoutof….避开，远离，不介入=10\*GB3⑩stayup熬夜stay也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。【例句呈现】Mostofthehouseremainsintactevenaftertwohundredyears.虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。Thetemperatureremainedconstantwhilepressurewasavariableintheexperiment.做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。Itremainstobeseenwhetherhisprojectwillfly.他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。Thediseaseoftenremainsundetectedformanyyears.这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。Thereremainstheproblemoffinance.财政问题仍然存在。Itremainstobeseenwhetherornotthisideacanbeputintopractice.这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。WewentontoParisandstayed/remainedthereelevendays.我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。Westayed/remainedinavillagewheretimehasstoodstill.我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。Shestayedathome,afraidtoshowherface.她待在家里，不敢露面。Westayedupallnight,settingtheworldtorights.我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。Iwantyoutostayawayfrommydaughter.我要你离我女儿远远的。Hisparentswon'tallowhimtostayoutlate.他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。【考点过关】用remain,stay的适当形式填空1.She_______homewhilethechildrenwereyoung.2.IwenttoNingxiaand_______thereforoneyear.3.Wepromised________friendsforever.4.Wemust________competitiveinthecompetitivesociety.5.I________onthejobforfivemonthswhentheyleft.6.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds_______away.7.Youshouldleavethosenaughtyboys_______outoftrouble.8.Lastmonth,Tomwrotetwoarticlesduringhisshort_______inhospital.9.Sofarmanyofhissongs_______popular.10.Weweretold________inourseatsmeanwhilewithourseatbeltsfastened.11.Ineverseewhathasbeendone;Ionlyseewhat_______tobedone.12.It________tobeseenwhetheryouareright.13.There________onesignificantproblemnow.14.Please_______calmwhenyoumeetwithsomedifficulties.15.Youshould________quietwhensomeoneismakingaspeech.【参考答案】1.stayed/remained;2.stayed/remained;3.tostay/remain;4.stay/remain;5.Stayed;6.tostay;7.tostay;8.stay;9.haveremained/stayed;10.toremain/stay;11.remains;12.remains;13.remains;14.remain/stay;15.stay/remain●leadto;cause(vt)【教材原句】Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,includinga“megadrought”around900AD.(教材P51)Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages,conflictsand,ultimately,thedownfallofthecities.(教材P51)【辨析】两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。leadto….意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，to是介词，后面一般接名词。温馨提示：=1\*GB3①leadsb./sth.todosth.引起某人/某物做某事=2\*GB3②leadsb./sth.to/into+地点把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地cause意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组causesb./sth.todosth.意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向”讲时，不可互换。【例句呈现】Hehaswarnedthattheseriousriftswithinthecountrycouldleadtocivilwar.他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。Strainingtoliftheavyweightscanleadtoariseinbloodpressure.用力提重物会导致血压升高。Heagreedthatthesepolicieswillleadtogridlockinthefuture.他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。Tamperingwithasingleenzymecanleadtountowardeffectselsewhere.破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。Therearerecognizedblackspotsinmarriageswhichcanleadtotrouble婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。Soheadnorthwestuntilyoufindariverwhichshouldleadtothecoast.一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。Repairsandimprovementscanleadtohigherrentalrates.修缮后可以提高租价。Firehascausedseveredamagetothecontentsofthebuilding.大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。Acombinationofinternalandexternalfactorscausedthecompanytoclosedown.内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。Thedrugmaycauseanaggravationofthecondition.这种药可能导致病情恶化。Thediseasecancausesterilityinmenandwomen.这种疾病可能导致男女不育。Heavysnowhascausedtotalchaosontheroads.大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。Anxietycanbecausedbylackofsleep.睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。Researchersarestilltryingtoisolatethegenethatcausesthisabnormality.研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。【考点过关】根据leadto和cause的用法,用其适当形式填空1.Afaultyconnection_______themachinetostopthatday.2.Ifyoustringtheseexperiencestogether,youcanfindanewliferoadwill______yourfuture.3.Thepoorharvest________pricestorisesharplyduringthosedays.4.Hestillbelievedthathonestyandindustrywould______success.5.Vitamindeficiencyinthedietcan________illness.6.Excuseme,doesthisroad_______therailwaystation?7.Heavyseascan_______cancellationofferryservices.8.Therewerefearsthatprivatizationwould_______joblosses.9.Defeatcould_______onesidetoescalatetheconflict.10.Abusecan_______bothpsychologicalandemotionalproblems.11.Strongcoffeeortealateatnightmay_______sleeplessness12.Apoordietwillultimately________illness.13.Generally,alackofmagnesium_______musclestogointospasm.14.Excessivedrinkingcan________stomachdisorders.15.Initspresentform,thelawcould_______newinjustices.【参考答案】1.caused;2.leadto;3.caused;4.leadto;5.leadto/cause;6.leadto;7.leadto/cause;8.cause/leadto;9.cause;10.cause/leadto;11.leadto/cause;12.cause/leadto;13.causes;14.cause/leadto;15.cause/leadto●whatever…,nomatterwhat…【教材原句】Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilizationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.(教材P51)【辨析】两者都有“无论什么，不管什么”的意思，意思基本一致，但用法有区别。whatever….既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。

nomatterwhat…只能引导让步状语从句，此时可以和whenever互换。温馨提示：whenever/nomatterwhen;wherever/nomatterwhere;whichever/nomatterwhich;whoever/nomatterwho;however/nomatterhow的用法与whatever/nomaterwhat的用法基本相同。

【例句呈现】Whatever/nomatterwhatsystemyouchoose,itmustberuninproperly.不管你选择什么样的体系，都必须经过适当的磨合。TheUnitedStateswilldowhateveritcantohelpGreece美国将竭尽所能帮助希腊。Whenever/nomatterwhenyoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.无论何时你搬到一个新的地方,你都应该找到火警报警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。Whenevertheygoabroaddependsonthepassports.不管他们什么时候出国，都要取决于签证。However/nomatterhowyoulookatit,it'sgoingtocostalot.不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。Shehasthewindowopen,however/nomatterhowcolditisoutside.不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。Howevergothereisamatter.无论如何去那里都是个问题。Hehiredhimselfouttowhoeverneededhisservices.他以前从事临时服务业。Comeoutofthere,whoever/nomatterhowyouare.不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。Amediacircussurroundedtheroyalcouplewherever/nomatterwheretheywent.无论王室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。Whereverhegoesisunimportant.不管他去哪里都不重要。Thesituationisanawkwardone,whichever/nomatterwhichwayyoulookatit.无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。Whichever/nomatterwhichtheychoose,wemustaccepttheirdecision.无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。Justbesuretobeawareofthesafetyregulationsinwhichevercountryyouhappentobebuyingyoureggsin.你只需要留意你要买鸡蛋的那个国家的食品安全规定就行。

【考点过关】用whenever/nomatterwhen;whatever/nomaterwhat;wherever/nomatterwhere;whichever/nomatterwhich;whoever/nomatterwho;however/nomatterhow填空1.________youcomehere,pleasecallmefirst.

2.Idon'tcare_______theywillcomefrom.3._______hehasputthesebooksisunimportant.4.________aproblemarrives,dothreethings–faceit,fightitandfinishit.5._______youstart,itisimportantthatyoudonotstopafterstarting.6._______happens,I'llalwaysbethereforyou.7._______goesthere,we’llagree.8.______theyare,theywillbehelpful.9._______youdo,tryyourbest.10.We'lltryourbesttodo_______isright.11._______isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.12.________wantstospeaktomeonthephone,tellthemI'mbusy.13._______doesbestwillgettheprize.14._______theyselect,wewilldisagree.【参考答案】1.Nomatterwhen/Whenever;2.wherever;3.Wherever;4.Whenever/Nomatterwhen;5.Nomatterwhen/how/Whenever/However;6.Nomatterwhat/Whatever;7.Whoever/Nomatterwho;8.Wherever/Nomatterwhere;9.Whatever/Nomatterwhat;10.whatever;11.Whatever;12.Whoever/Nomatterwho;13.Whoever;14.Nomatterwhich/Whichever●especially;specially【教材原句】Scientistshavebeenconductingresearchinordertoseekgreaterunderstandingofthebrain,especiallysincethe1950s.(教材P55)【辨析】两者词形相似，但意义和用法不同。especially副词，意思是“尤其；特别；格外地”，往往用来对前面所述情况进行说明或补充，不强调目的性，只强调超乎寻常，通常用来修饰名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者是句子。specially副词，意思是“专门地；特意地；特别地”，强调目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是为了…而不为别的”。一般修饰动词或介词短语。温馨提示：especially和specially一般不换用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。【例句呈现】Weareespeciallyencouragedbythestrongrepresentation,thisyear,ofwomenininformationtechnologydisciplines今年，女性在信息技术领域的突出表现尤其让我们备受鼓舞。ShewasespeciallyfondofalittlegirlnamedBetsy.她尤其偏爱一个名叫贝齐的小女孩。Millionsofwildflowerscolorthevalleys,especiallyinAprilandMay尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。Underalltheinnocentfun,therearehiddendangers,especiallyforchildren在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。Re-applysunscreeneverytwohours,especiallyifyouhavebeenswimming.每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。Thecommitteeisconcernedaboutplayers'behavior,especiallyarguingwithreferees委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。Manywomen,especiallyastheygetolder,developlumpyveinsintheirlegs.许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。Theringwasspeciallymadef