【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析

【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Anewstudyfrombrainresearchershelpsexplainhowthehumanbrainevolvedorchangedovertime,topermitpeopletospeakandwrite.

MichaelUllman,theleadresearcher,aprofessoratGeorgetownUniversityMedicalSchoolinWashington,D.C,hasbeenstudyinglanguagelearningformorethan20years.

Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystemformakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted(指派)partsofourbrainforlanguage.Andthoseparts,hesays,areancient-oldereventhanhumansthemselves.

"Thisstudyexaminesthetheoreticalframework(准则)thatlanguageislearned,storedand'processedintwoancientlearningandmemorysystemsinthebrain."

Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.Theyfoundthatpeoplelearnlanguageusingtwomemorysystems:declarativeandprocedural.Memorizingvocabulary,forexample,isadeclarativememoryprocess.Butlearninggrammaris,mostly,aproceduralmemoryprocess.

"Declarativememory,inhumansatleast,iswhatwethinkofaslearningmemory',suchas,'Oh,rememberwhatyousaidlastnight'orthingslikethat.Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatweoftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."Or,Ullmanadds,"Theseproceduralmemoryskillsbecomesodeeplyleanedthatwearenolongerawarethatwearedoingthem."

However,Ullmanexplainsthatthetwolong-termmemorysystemscansharetasks.And,headds,theadultbrainusesthesystemstolearnlanguageabitdifferentlythanachild'sbrain.

"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusinggrammarpatterns.Theythinkaboutitpurposefully.Forachild,thegrammarmaycomemorenaturally.Theydon'thavetothinkaboutthegrammarrulesbeforespeaking."

Inadditiontolanguagelearners,Ullman'sstudycouldhelppeoplewhohaveabraininjurythataffectsspeakingandwriting.Thisknowledgecanalsohelpthosewhohavelearningdisabilitiessuchasdyslexia(阅读障碍).Peoplewithdyslexiahavedifficultyrecognizingwordsandsymbolsaccurately.（1）HowdidUllmanstudyhuman'smemorysystems?A.

Byexaminingthebrainwithhisteam.B.

Bystudyinglanguagelearningoveryears.C.

Bycomparingdifferentlanguagesyearafteryear.D.

Byreferringtodatafromotherstudiesonlanguage.（2）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"motormemory"?A.

Learningtomakeamodelplane.B.

RememberingthegrammarpatternsC.

Repeatingwhatyouheard.D.

Memorizingwhatyouread.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"referto?A.

Declarativememory.B.

Anadultlanguagelearner.C.

Usinggrammarpatterns.D.

Asecondlanguage.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Ullmanhasadvancedourlanguageunderstanding.B.

Anewresearchhelpspeoplelearnanewlanguage.C.

Learningmemoryismoreactivethanmotormemory.D.

Humanbeingslearnlanguageinprehumanareaofbrain.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述MichaelUllman和他的团队的研究称人类大脑前区的为语言学习区，由此解开了人类大脑进化过程之谜。在最古老的大脑学习记忆区域，陈述性记忆和运动记忆分工合作，来完成语言学习。（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.”可知，该团队通过研究其他语言学习的成果，得出的结论，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatweoftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."可知，程序性运动记忆就是我们常说的运动记忆，比如学习骑自行车等技能，故选A。（3）考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusinggrammarpatterns."可知，成年语言学习者在学习第二语言时，是刻意地在使用语法句式。所以it是指代usinggrammarpatterns，故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystemformakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted(指派)partsofourbrainforlanguage.”以及全文可知，人类的语言学习是由大脑前区完成的，该区域早于人类本身。所以选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?A.

comfort

B.

treat

C.

spot

D.

nurse（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?A.

Bystoringbloodsamples.

B.

Byanalyzingpatients'cases.C.

Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.

D.

Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?A.

ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.B.

Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.C.

Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.D.

Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?A.

Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.B.

Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.C.

Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.D.

Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读理解

Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,raisingrenewedhopeofavaccineforhumans,sayscientists.TheUSteamsaytheresults,publishedinNature,are"striking"andshouldencourageresearchefforts.

Testsinhumanscouldbegininmonths.Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisk­suchaspregnantwomen­wouldstillbeyearsaway,expertsadvise.ZikahasbeenspreadingacrossCentralandSouthAmericaand,mostrecently,Africa.Morethan60countriesandterritoriesnowhavecontinuingtransmission(传播)ofthedisease,whichiscarriedbymosquitoes.Theviruscausesseriousbirthdamagesduringpregnancyandhasbeendeclaredaglobalpublichealthemergency.

Now,developingavaccineforpregnantwomentoprotecttheirunbornbabiesisaninternationalresearchpriority(优先事项).USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice–onebasedonbitsofgenetic(基因的)codefromthevirusandanotherthatisaninactive(andthereforeharmless)copyofZika.Bothworkedwell,protectingeverymousethatwasimmunisedagainstthevirus.Incomparison,allofthemicenotgiventhevaccinecaughtZikaaftertheywereexposedtoit.

Researcherssaytheywillpushaheadwithdevelopingtheneededvirusvaccine.Therearemanyexistingvaccinesforotherdiseasethatusethistypeoftechnology,whiletherearerelativelyfewDNA­basedvaccines.Ofcourse,futuretestswillneedtocheckthevaccineissafeandeffectiveinhumans,aswellashowlongtheimmunitymightlast.（1）Ifthetestsinhumansgosmoothly,

.A.

avaccineforuseinthelaboratorywillbestillbeyearsaway.B.

pregnantwomeninAfricawillbethefirsttobenefitfromthevaccine.C.

alicensedvaccinewillstillnotbeaccessibleinashortterm.D.

TheZikaviruswillcauselessseriousbirthdefectsduringpregnancyinmonths.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.

manycountriesareactivelyinvolvedintheresearchoftheZikavaccine.B.

USscientistshavetestedmorethantwotypesofZikavaccineinmice.C.

NoneofthemicegiventhevaccinecaughtZika.D.

Itisstillunknownwhetherthevaccineissafeandeffective.（3）Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Zikavaccine'worksverywell'inmiceB.

ZikavaccinestillhasalongwaytogoC.

InternationalresearchesintoZikahavepaidoffD.

MoreattentionhasbeenpaidtoZikavaccine【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisk­suchaspregnantwomen­wouldstillbeyearsaway"可知，但是，即使这些进展顺利，一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间，也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话，短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice"可知，美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒，故选B。（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,"可知，一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises－thephonemes(音素)ofalanguage－eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.

Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought

ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.

Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals(唇齿音)－thosesuchasfandv－thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(辅音)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtochewmushless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:oneexampleisthatfcometotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid"pater"butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey'reRees－Moggs)say"father".

Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan'texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate(味觉).（1）Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily

.A.

createsignificantnoisesB.

classifytheformsofnoisesC.

understandtheGreeklanguageD.

distinguishmeaningfulsounds（2）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A.

Lipsandteeth.

B.

Jobsandhabits.

C.

Ageandregions.

D.

Foodandthinking.（3）Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof"f"and"v"is

.A.

enjoyingmorecookedfoodsB.

bitingmorewithfrontteethC.

constantlychewingharderfoodsD.

growingupwithlagerlowerjaws（4）Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal

.A.

jawshelpshapeourthoughtB.

fooddeterminesourthoughtC.

diethassomeinfluenceonlanguageD.

languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Bytheageofone,theycanrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关theproductofthought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Theargumentgoesthatfamerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.”可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.ThosesurprisingresultsappearinthejournalScientificReports.

Shiningiridescentcolor,whichchangesdependingontheanglefromwhichit'sviewed,isfavoredbyeverythingfrombirdstobeetlesandblossomstobutterflies.

"Andinourresearchgroupweareofcourseinterestedinwhythisvividmetalliccolorissowidespreadinnature."KarinKjernsmooftheUniversityofBristoladdsthatinsomecasestheshowysplashesoflightareasexualstrategy."HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄两性),suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.Forexample,inmanyofthesecasesitisthemalesthathavethesevividiridescentcolorsandtheyusetheminmatechoiceortheyusethemasasignaltoattractmates."

Butiridescencealsoshowsupinsituationswherereproductionisnotanissue."Sowhatwearestudyingnowiswhethernaturalselectionimposedbypredation(捕食行为)couldexplaintheoccurrenceofiridescenceinpreyanimals."

Theideathateye­catchingcolorscouldbeusedasacover­upisn'tanewone."Thefatherofcamouflagetheory,AbbottThayer,reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealing­ColorationintheAnimalKingdom,alreadyin1909,that'brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal'sconcealment'.Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay,becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal'sconcealment？"

"Inasimilarway,wewereaskingwhetheriridescence,duetoitschangeability,couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition."Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircleoranoval—withasugarreward.Andtheyfoundthatthebees,whengivenachoice,wouldpreferentiallyvisittheshapetheyknewtobesweet.Butwhentheshapeswereiridescent,thebeeshadtroubletellingthemapart."Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish."Asformakinguseofthismethodforhidinginplainsight,"Anypracticalapplicationsisofcoursedirectlylinkedtoanyindustrythathasaninterestincamouflage,thatishowtoconcealobjectsormakethemmoredifficulttorecognize."Theresearchersarecurrentlyconductingexperimentswithbirds,whichoftenpreyoniridescentinsectstoseeifithelpstohaveabird's­eyeview.（1）Accordingtothepassage,iridescenceisnotmadeuseofbyanimalsto________.A.

livealittlelongerbyescapingtheirpredator(捕食者)

B.

catchtheattentionoftheirmatesC.

concealthemselveswhenindanger

D.

catchsightofmorecolorfulpreys（2）Fromthestudyinthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.A.

BeescanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenacircleandanovalB.

BeesarecreaturesthatarefascinatedbysweetthingsthatareiridescentC.

Ifacircle,withasugarreward,isiridescent,thebeesmayhavedifficultyfindingitD.

Beesarelikelytoprefercirclestoovals,whethertheyareiridescentornot（3）Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.

Whetherthereareanydifferencesbetweenbeesandbirds.B.

Someindustriesthathavegreatinterestincamouflage.C.

Whybirdsarenoteffectedbyiridescentinsects.D.

Whichcamouflagetheoryappliesmoretobirds.（4）Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

Afamouscamouflagestrategy

B.

MetalliciridescentasthebestdisguiseC.

Colorsuniquetoanimals

D.

Shiningcolorsasasexualstrategy【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄两性),suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“Theideathateye­catchingcolorscouldbeusedasacover­upisn'tanewone.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Escapingpredators(食肉动物),digestionandotheranimalactivities—includingthoseofhumans—requireoxygen.Butthatessentialingredientisnolongersoeasyformarinelifetoobtain,severalnewstudiesreveal.

Inthepastdecadeoceanoxygenlevelshavetakenadive—analarmingtrendthatislinkedtoclimatechange,saysAndreasOschlies,anoceanographerattheHelmholtzCenterforOceanResearchinGermany,whoseteamtracksoceanoxygenlevelsworldwide."Weweresurprisedbytheintensityofthechangeswesaw,howrapidlyoxygenisgoingdownintheoceanandhowlargetheeffectsonmarineecosystemsare,"hesays.Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,butthescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropical(热带的)regionshavedroppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelast50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally.

Awarmingoceanlosesoxygenfortworeasons:First,thewarmeraliquidbecomes,thelessgasitcanhold.Thatiswhycarbonateddrinksgoflatfasterwhenleftinthesun.Second,aspolarseaicemelts,itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder,moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth.

Oceananimalslargeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions.Climatechangealreadyposesseriousproblemsformarinelife,suchasoceanacidification,butdeoxygenationisthemostpressingissuefacingseaanimalstoday,Oschliessays.Afterall,hesays,"theyallhavetobreathe."

Asidefromfoodwebproblems,animalsfacevariousotherphysiologicalchallengesastheirbodiesadjusttoloweroxygenlevels.Chineseshrimp(虾)movetheirtailslessvigorouslytopreserveenergyinloweroxygenenvironments.Somecreatures,suchasjellyfishes,aremoretolerantoflowoxygenthanothersare.Butallanimalswillfeeltheimpactofdeoxygenationbecausetheyallhaveevolvedtheiroxygencapacityforareason,saysOschlies."Anydropinoxygenisgoingtodamagesurvivabilityandperformance,"hesays.（1）Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatworriesscientiststhemost?A.

Theworseningdeoxygenationinthewarmingocean.B.

Thesurvivalofpredatorsandvariousmarineanimals.C.

Thealarminglychangeableoxygenlevelsintheocean.D.

Thelackofattentiontothewarmingoftropicaloceans.（2）Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheoxygenlossintheocean?A.

Polaricemeltingconsumesmuchoxygenintheocean.B.

Globalwarmingreducestheamountofoxygenintheair.C.

Thesurfacepolaricewaterpreventsoxygengoingdown.D.

Saltywaterholdslessgasintheincreasinglywarmerocean.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

Oceandeoxygenationchangessomeanimals'naturalterritories.B.

Oceanacidificationismoreseriousaproblemthandeoxygenation.C.

Notalloceananimalsarebotheredbythedecreasingoxygenlevels.D.

Someanimalsreducetheirmovementsinordertoabsorbmoreoxygen.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

TheOxygenLevelsofMarineLife

B.

OceanWarmingAffectsFoodWebC.

TheSurvivabilityofOceanAnimals

D.

TheOceanIsRunningOutofBreath【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势。同时介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,butthescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropical(热带的)regionshavedroppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelast50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally."可知，对于科学家来说，变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪，但这种下降的规模需要紧急关注。一些最近的研究表明，在过去的50年里，一些热带地区的氧气含量下降了惊人的40%。其他地区的降幅较小，全球平均降幅为2%。所以根据前两段，科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"aspolarseaicemelts,itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder,moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth."可知，当极地海冰融化时，它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种冰盖，它可以防止水流将地表水混合到海洋更深的深度。因为所有的氧气都进入了表面，所以较少的与海洋水的混合意味着更深的海洋含氧量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Oceananimalslargeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions."可知，然而，Oschlies和他所在领域的