2025-2026学年江苏省泰州市兴化市某中学高二上学期开学英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省泰州市兴化市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学英语试卷第一部分：听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分42.5分)第一节(共12个小题;每小题2.5分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选涂黑。AMyaffairwithsugarbeganinnocentlyenoughinmychildhood,whenIindulged(沉迷)insweettreatsasrewardsforgoodbehaviorbyoverworkedbutlovingparents,orasameanstocelebratespecialoccasions.AsIgrewolder,mycraving(渴望)intensified,leadingmetoseekthesweetcomfortofchocolate,Coke,andCheeseCheetos.Thesesugarydelightsbecamemyescapefromthestressandworriesinmylife.Itwasn’tuntilmyreflectioninthemirrornolongermatchedthelively,intelligentpersonIfeltinsidethatIrealizedtheseverityofmysituation.Clothesthatoncefitmeperfectlyarenowuncomfortablytight,andclimbingaflghtofstairsleavesmebreathless.Nottomentionthat,inthepasttwotothreeyears,myweightgainhasinfluencedmyself-esteem,confidence,andoverallwell-being.Inmysearchforahealthierlifestyle,Idecidedtoturntozero-caloriedrinks,believingtheywouldbeahealthieralternativetomybelovedsugarydrinks.However,myresearchledmetoanalarmingdiscoveryofthedangersofaspartame,acommonlyusedartificialsweetenerfoundinmanyzero-caloriedrinks.Despiteitslackofcalories,aspartamehasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthconcernsincludingheadaches,dizziness,andevenmoresevereconditions.Morestudiesareneededtolearnaboutartificialsweeteners’long-termeffectsonourhealth.Still,knowingthisputmeoffzero-caloriedrinksforawhile!Withnewfoundknowledgeanddetermination,Ibeganmyjourney,tobreakfreefromsugaraddiction.Thejourneywaschallenging,withpersistentcravingsandconstanttemptations(诱惑).However,armedwithhealthiersnackalternatives,suchasfruitandnuts,andthesupportoflovedones,Igraduallyweanedmyselfoffthesugarrollercoaster.Iamrediscoveringsomeofthejoysofamorebalancedlifestyle.Regularexercisebecamemycompanion,boostingmyenergylevelsandreducingstress.1.Whatinitiallyattractedtheauthortosugar?A.Sugarydelights. B.Childhoodrewards.C.Stressfulsituations. D.Personalachievements.2.Whatcanbelearnedaboutzero-caloriedrinks?A.Theyarefreeofartificialsweeteners.B.Theycancontributetoweightloss.C.Theyarehighlyfavoredbythemarket.D.Theyposeapotentialthreattohealth.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Stoppedconsumingsugar. B.Switchedtosugarreplacements.C.Monitoredmysugarlevels. D.Learnedthetricksofsugarcontrol.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Self-awareandreflective. B.Inquiringbutcareless.C.Determinedbutimpatient. D.Self-disciplinedandambitious.【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从童年时期开始与糖结缘，随着成长逐渐沉迷糖分并因此引发健康和心理问题，之后通过研究发现零卡路里饮料的潜在危害，最终下定决心摆脱糖瘾、追寻更健康生活方式的经历。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Myaffairwithsugarbeganinnocentlyenoughinmychildhood,whenIindulged(沉迷)insweettreatsasrewardsforgoodbehaviorbyoverworkedbutlovingparents,orasameanstocelebratespecialoccasions.(我与糖的纠葛始于童年时期，那时，辛勤却充满爱意的父母会将甜食作为我表现良好的奖励，或者将其作为庆祝特殊场合的方式，我就这样沉迷于甜食之中)”可知，作者最初被糖吸引是因为童年时期，甜食是父母给予的良好表现奖励。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“However,myresearchledmetoanalarmingdiscoveryofthedangersofaspartame,acommonlyusedartificialsweetenerfoundinmanyzero-caloriedrinks.Despiteitslackofcalories,aspartamehasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthconcernsincludingheadaches,dizziness,andevenmoresevereconditions.(然而，我的研究让我有了一个令人担忧的发现：阿斯巴甜存在危害，它是一种常用的人工甜味剂，多见于许多零卡路里饮料中。尽管不含卡路里，但阿斯巴甜却与多种健康问题相关，包括头痛、头晕，甚至更严重的疾病)”可知，零卡路里饮料中含有的人工甜味剂可能带来健康风险，即它对健康构成潜在威胁。故选D项。【3题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Withnewfoundknowledgeanddetermination,Ibeganmyjourney,tobreakfreefromsugaraddiction.Thejourneywaschallenging,withpersistentcravingsandconstanttemptations(诱惑).However,armedwithhealthiersnackalternatives,suchasfruitandnuts,andthesupportoflovedones,Igraduallyweanedmyselfoffthesugarrollercoaster.(凭借新获得的知识和决心，我开启了摆脱糖瘾的旅程。这段旅程充满挑战，糖瘾带来的渴望挥之不去，诱惑也无处不在。然而，有了水果、坚果等更健康的零食替代品，再加上亲人的支持，我逐渐weanedmyselfoffthesugarrollercoaster)”可知，作者的目标是“breakfreefromsugaraddiction(摆脱糖瘾)”，结合“healthiersnackalternatives(更健康的零食替代品)”可推测，“weanedmyselfoffthesugarrollercoaster”指的是作者逐渐停止摄入糖分。故选A项。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Itwasn’tuntilmyreflectioninthemirrornolongermatchedthelively,intelligentpersonIfeltinsidethatIrealizedtheseverityofmysituation.(直到镜子里的自己与我内心感受到的那个活泼、聪慧的形象不再相符，我才意识到问题的严重性)”可知，作者能通过自我观察发现自身问题，体现其“有自我认知的”；再根据第三段“Inmysearchforahealthierlifestyle,Idecidedtoturntozero-caloriedrinks,believingtheywouldbeahealthieralternativetomybelovedsugarydrinks.However,myresearchledmetoanalarmingdiscoveryofthedangersofaspartame,acommonlyusedartificialsweetenerfoundinmanyzero-caloriedrinks.(在我追寻更健康的生活方式时，我决定转而选择零卡路里饮料，认为它们会是我钟爱的含糖饮料的更健康替代品。然而，我的研究却让我有了一个令人担忧的发现——阿斯巴甜存在危害。阿斯巴甜是一种常用的人工甜味剂，多见于许多零卡路里饮料中)”以及最后一段开启戒糖之旅可知，作者会主动反思并调整生活方式，体现其“reflective（善于反思的）”，综上，作者是有自我认知且善于反思的人。故选A项。BAnyonewhohastakenastandardizedtestknowsthatwritinganessayin20minutesorlesstakesseriousbrainpower.Havingaccesstoartificialintelligence(AI)wouldcertainlylightenthementalload.ButasarecentstudybyresearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)suggests,thathelpmaycomeatacost.Overthecourseofaseriesofessay-writingsessions,studentsworkingwithaswellaswithoutanAIchatbothadtheirbrainactivitymeasured.Acrosstheboard,theAIusersexhibitedmarkedlylowerbrainactivityinareasassociatedwithcreativefunctionsandattention.WhetherAIwillleavepeople’sbrainsweakinthelongtermremainsanopenquestion.ResearchersbehindthisstudyhavestressedthatfurtherworkisneededtoestablishadefinitivecausallinkbetweenelevatedAIuseandweakenedbrains.Afterall,thestudyhadatinysamplesizeandfocusedonasinglenarrowtask.Moreover,generative-AItoolsclearlyseektolightenpeople’smentalloads,asmanyothertechnologiesdo.Concernsaboutthiskindofoffloadingaren’tnew.Aslongagoasthe5thcenturyBC,Socrateswasquotedascomplainingthatwritingisnot“apotion(神药)forremembering,butforreminding”.Calculatorssparecashiersfromcomputingabill.Navigationappsremovetheneedformap-reading.Andyetfewwouldarguethatpeoplearelesscapableasaresult.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatlettingmachineshandleusers’mentaltasksaltersthebrain’scapacityforthinking.ButtheworryisthatgenerativeAIallowsonetooffloadathoughtprocess.Andoncethebrainhasdevelopedatasteforoffloading,itcanbeahardhabittokick.Asoneuserputit,“IrelysomuchonAIthatIdon’tthinkI’dknowhowtosolvecertainproblemswithoutit.”Thetechnologyissoyoungthat,formanytasks,thehumanbrainisstillthesharpesttoolinthetoolkit.ButintimeboththeconsumersofAIanditsregulatorswillhavetoassesswhetheritswiderbenefitsoutweighanycognitive(认知)costs.IfstrongerevidenceemergesthatAImakespeoplelessintelligent,willtheycare?5.Whatdoesparagraph3emphasizeabouttheMITstudy?A.Theproceduresitfollowed.B.Thelimitationsinitsdesign.C.Theconclusionithasdrawn.D.Thediversityamongitsparticipants.6.AccordingtoSocrates,whatnegativeconsequencecouldwritinghave?A.Peoplewouldavoidusingreminders.B.Peoplewouldstopthinkingindependently.C.Peoplewouldrelylessontheirownmemory.D.Peoplewouldcarelessaboutthespokenword.7.Whatpointdoestheuser’sremarkinparagraph5illustrate?A.AIcanchangeusers’mentalcapacity.B.AIisnotwidelyavailabletothepublic.C.AIcanencourageusers’mentallaziness.D.AIisnotcapableofsolvingeveryproblem.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WillAIMakeYouStupid?B.HowAILetsYouOffloadTasksC.WhyAIAffectsYourThinkingAbilitiesD.IsAIaMentalShortcutYouCanEasilyQuit?【答案】5.B6.C7.C8.A【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。MIT研究表明，使用AI写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低，但长期影响未知。虽无证据显示AI改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“WhetherAIwillleavepeople’sbrainsweakinthelongtermremainsanopenquestion.ResearchersbehindthisstudyhavestressedthatfurtherworkisneededtoestablishadefinitivecausallinkbetweenelevatedAIuseandweakenedbrains.Afterall,thestudyhadatinysamplesizeandfocusedonasinglenarrowtask.(从长远来看，人工智能是否会让人类的大脑变弱，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。这项研究背后的研究人员强调，需要进一步的工作来确定人工智能使用量增加与大脑功能减弱之间的明确因果关系。毕竟，这项研究的样本量很小，而且只关注一个单一的任务)”可知，第三段主要强调了MIT研究设计的局限——样本量很小，且只关注一个单一的任务。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Aslongagoasthe5thcenturyBC,Socrateswasquotedascomplainingthatwritingisnot“apotion(神药)forremembering,butforreminding”.Calculatorssparecashiersfromcomputingabill.Navigationappsremovetheneedformap-reading.Andyetfewwouldarguethatpeoplearelesscapableasaresult.(早在公元前5世纪，苏格拉底就曾抱怨说，写作不是“记忆的药水，而是提醒的药水”。计算器使收银员不必计算账单。导航应用免去了看地图的需要。然而，很少有人会认为人们的能力因此而下降)”可知，根据苏格拉底的说法，写作的消极结果是人们更少依赖自己的记忆。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“ButtheworryisthatgenerativeAIallowsonetooffloadathoughtprocess.Andoncethebrainhasdevelopedatasteforoffloading,itcanbeahardhabittokick.Asoneuserputit,“IrelysomuchonAIthatIdon’tthinkI’dknowhowtosolvecertainproblemswithoutit.”(但令人担忧的是，生成式人工智能允许人们卸载思维过程。而且，一旦大脑养成了“卸载”的习惯，就很难改掉了。正如一位用户所说，“我太依赖人工智能了，如果没有它，我不知道如何解决某些问题。”)”可知，该用户的话表明AI可能会助长用户的思维惰性。故选C。【8题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段“WhetherAIwillleavepeople’sbrainsweakinthelongtermremainsanopenquestion.ResearchersbehindthisstudyhavestressedthatfurtherworkisneededtoestablishadefinitivecausallinkbetweenelevatedAIuseandweakenedbrains.Afterall,thestudyhadatinysamplesizeandfocusedonasinglenarrowtask.(从长远来看，人工智能是否会让人类的大脑变弱，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。这项研究背后的研究人员强调，需要进一步的工作来确定人工智能使用量增加与大脑功能减弱之间的明确因果关系。毕竟，这项研究的样本量很小，而且只关注一个单一的任务)”和最后一段“Thetechnologyissoyoungthat,formanytasks,thehumanbrainisstillthesharpesttoolinthetoolkit.ButintimeboththeconsumersofAIanditsregulatorswillhavetoassesswhetheritswiderbenefitsoutweighanycognitive(认知)costs.IfstrongerevidenceemergesthatAImakespeoplelessintelligent,willtheycare?(这项技术是如此年轻，以至于在许多任务中，人类的大脑仍然是工具包中最锋利的工具。但随着时间的推移，人工智能的消费者和监管机构都将不得不评估其更广泛的好处是否超过任何认知成本。如果有更有力的证据表明人工智能会让人变得更不聪明，他们会在意吗?)”可知，文章主要介绍MIT研究表明，使用AI写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低，虽无证据显示AI改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。因此A项“AI会使你变笨吗?”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。CWhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardpatterns”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite(精英),sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Itneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.9.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theobjectivesandfindingsofajournalismcredibilityproject.B.Thepersonnelstructureofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.C.Thecausesofthepublicdisappointmentinnewspapers.D.TheindefiniteneedsofnewspaperreadersinAmerica.10.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe____________.A.somewhatconflicting B.rathertrustworthyC.quiteshallow D.veryenlightening11.Accordingtotheauthor,thefundamentalproblemofjournalistsliesintheir__________.A.conventionallifestyleinupscalecommunitiesB.inflexibleapproachtohandlingnewsstoriesC.conflictingwaysofmakingsenseoftheworldD.sharedvaluesdisconnectedfromgeneralreaders12.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthenewspaperindustry?A.Itfailstosatisfyitsreadersduetoannoyingreporters.B.Ithasn’trealizedtherealproblemdespiteitsefforts.C.It’surgentthatitfocusonaccurateandskillfulreporting.D.Itshouldbeawareofunderlyingprejudiceinraceandgender.【答案】9.C10.C11.D12.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章的主旨是讨论美国新闻界信誉下降的原因；同时文章建议新闻业应该拓展其多元化计划，不仅关注种族和性别，还应该寻找在观点、价值观、教育和阶级上广泛不同的记者，以更好地反映社会的多元性。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.(为什么这么多美国人不相信他们在报纸上读到的东西？美国报纸编辑协会正试图回答这个令人痛苦的问题。该组织正在深入进行一项长期的自我分析，即新闻可信度项目。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了为什么许多美国人不相信他们在报纸上读到的东西，即公众对报纸的失望的原因。文章通过美国报业编辑协会的自我分析项目（新闻可信度项目）来探讨这个问题，并指出了记者与读者之间的社会和文化脱节是导致这种不信任的根本原因。因此，文章的主要内容是关于公众对报纸失望的原因。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.(遗憾的是，这个项目的结果大多是关于事实错误、拼写和语法错误的低级发现，以及许多令人挠头的困惑，即读者到底想要什么。)”可知，这个项目的结果大多是关于事实错误、拼写和语法错误的低级发现，这表明新闻可信度项目的结果相当肤浅，没有深入到问题的核心。因此，选项C“quiteshallow(相当肤浅)”符合题意。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段中提到“Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite(精英),sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.(记者往往是广义上的社会和文化精英的一部分，因此他们的工作往往反映了这一精英的传统价值观。)”可知，记者们往往属于一个广义上的社会和文化精英阶层，因此他们的工作往往反映了这个精英阶层的传统价值观。这表明作者认为记者的根本问题在于他们与普通读者在价值观上的脱节。因此，选项D“sharedvaluesdisconnectedfromgeneralreaders(与普通读者脱节的共同价值观)”符合题意。故选D。【12题详析】推理判断题。在文章最后一段中“Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Itneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.(这是一个对任何行业来说都是爆炸性的情况，尤其是对一个正在衰退的行业来说。这是一个麻烦重重的行业，它一直在雇佣那些态度极大地惹恼了客户的员工。它似乎从来没有注意到许多前顾客抱怨的文化和阶级偏见。)”可知，尽管美国报业行业在努力，但它还没有意识到真正的问题所在即似乎从来没有注意到许多前顾客抱怨的文化和阶级偏见。因此，B选项“Ithasn’trealizedtherealproblemdespiteitsefforts.(尽管它付出了努力，但还没有意识到真正的问题)”符合题意。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtopickthebestplaceforamuch-neededrefreshment?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,asimpleclueislikelytovaryyourchoice.Youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.___13___Earlydinerswithnomeaningfulcluesastowhichrestauranttochoosemayhavepickedtheireveningeateryatrandom,forexampleselectingtheplacewiththenicestnameorthesmiliestwaiter.Thefollowingpassers-bymayhavemisinterpretedtheirrestaurantchoiceasawell-informeddecisionandblindlyfollowedtheirexample.___14___Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,whichcouldhaveledtoabaddinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.Voluntarilycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour.”Itisafrequentoccurrenceamongsthumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.___15___Inanearlierarticle,Idiscussedtheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichsuggeststhataveragejudgementsoflargegroupsofpeopleoftenoutperformindividualchoices.Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort.___16___Finally,followingtheherdreducestheeffortneededtomakeapersonaloruniquedecision.___17___Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,herdbehaviourstypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyappraisingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofunreasonableorsimplystupidbehaviours.A.Butisthistrue?B.Itisthereforeaneasyoption.C.Afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”.D.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.E.Thiscouldhaveresultedinasnow-ballingeffect.F.Herdbehaviours,whileeasytoexplain,holdsignificantdangers.G.Thenumberofdinersisunlikelytoindicatethequalityofthemeal.【答案】13.A14.E15.D16.C17.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影响，并解释了“从众”行为的危险性。【13题详析】上文“Howtopickthebestplaceforamuch-neededrefreshment?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,asimpleclueislikelytovaryyourchoice.Youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice(如何挑选一个最适合休息的地方？如果你和大多数人一样，一个简单的线索可能会改变你的选择。你会寻找最繁忙、食客最多的餐厅，因为它的受欢迎程度必然会反映在食物和服务的质量上)”指出了人们在挑选餐馆时会跟随他人的行为，下文“Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,whichcouldhaveledtoabaddinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.(越来越多的顾客被这家餐厅吸引，这可能会导致在过度拥挤的餐厅中出现糟糕的晚餐选择。)”指出，食客多、繁忙的餐厅晚餐也可能不好；A项“但这是真的吗？”承上启下，下文对此问题作出了回答，“this”指代上文陈述的内容。故选A。【14题详析】上文“Earlydinerswithnomeaningfulcluesastowhichrestauranttochoosemayhavepickedtheireveningeateryatrandom,forexampleselectingtheplacewiththenicestnameorthesmiliestwaiter.Thefollowingpassers-bymayhavemisinterpretedtheirrestaurantchoiceasawell-informeddecisionandblindlyfollowedtheirexample.(早起的食客对于选择哪家餐厅没有任何有意义的线索，他们可能会随机选择晚餐餐厅，例如选择名字最好听的餐厅或笑容最灿烂的服务员。随后的路人可能会误解他们的餐厅选择是明智的决定，并盲目地效仿他们的做法)”指出人们在选择餐厅时只是根据名字最好听或笑容最灿烂的服务员等来选择，这是没有任何意义的，这导致其他人误解他们的选择是明智的，进而盲目跟随，下文“Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,whichcouldhaveledtoabaddinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.(越来越多的顾客被这家餐厅吸引，这可能会导致在过度拥挤的餐厅中出现糟糕的晚餐选择。)”指出这种盲目跟风行为导致一种不良结果，由此可知，空处应引起下文，指出这种行为会产生不良后果，E项“这可能会产生滚雪球效应。”符合语境，选项中“snow-ballingeffect”与下文“Ever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurant”相对应。故选E。【15题详析】上文“Voluntarilycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour.”Itisafrequentoccurrenceamongsthumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.(自愿模仿其他人的想法或选择，或者只是随波逐流通常被称为“从众行为”。这种行为在人类以及许多其他动物中经常发生，常见的例子就是绵羊。)”介绍了指出这种自愿模仿其他人的想法或选择，或者只是随波逐流通常被称为“从众行为”，下文“Inanearlierarticle,Idiscussedtheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichsuggeststhataveragejudgementsoflargegroupsofpeopleoftenoutperformindividualchoices.Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort.

(我在之前的一篇文章中讨论了所谓的“群体智慧”，该观点认为，大群体的平均判断往往优于个人选择。此外，随大流似乎能提供保护和安慰。)”指出这种行为所蕴含的智慧，由此可知，这种行为似乎很有道理，D项“从众行为看上去很有道理。”符合语境。故选D。【16题详析】上文“Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort.(此外，随波逐流似乎能带来保护和安慰。)”指出从众似乎能带来保护和安慰，空处承接上文，对此作出解释，C项“毕竟，‘人多势众。”符合语境，“人多势众”这种心理使得人们感觉从众会带来保护和安慰，故选C。【17题详析】下文“Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,herdbehaviourstypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyappraisingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofunreasonableorsimplystupidbehaviours.(与所谓的“群体智慧”相反，从众行为通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”，即人们接受他人的信念或模仿他们的选择，而不批判性地评估其背后的原因。这经常导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为)”指出了从众心理的危害性，F项“从众行为虽然很容易解释，但却具有重大危险”符合语境，引起下文，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共三节，满分37.5分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ActorAnthonyAndersonhasrealizedadream30yearsinthemaking.The51-year-old____18____aBachelorofFineArtsdegreefromHowardUniversitylastweek.“Itwasalladream!Wordsfailto____19____thefeelingI’mhavingrightnow,”Andersonwroteonasocialmediaplatform.“Myproudestmomentisasenseof____20____-finishingwhatIstartedmanyyearsago.”AndersonfinishedhisjunioryearatHoward30yearsago.____21____somefinancialdifficulties,hehadtoaskfora____22____fromschool.Heworkedhardtomakea____23____.Laterhestartedafamilyandhiscareer____24____.Heplayedthestarringrolesinmanyfilmsandbecamea____25____.Thefollowingyearshewasoccupiedinhisworkanddidn’treturntoschool.Itwassomethinghealwaysfelt____26____about-untilhisson,Nathan,gained____27____toHowardfouryearsago.Thatinspiredhislongingforuniversitystudy,sohewas____28____togobackandfinishhisdegree.“ThisspringIwas____29____abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”Andersonsaid.Hemarkeditasa____30____bycallingit“afull-circlemoment”and____31____hisfans,“It’snevertoolate.Thingshappenwhenthey’resupposedtohappen!”Anderson,nowafatheroftwo,plansto____32____hiseducationandgotograduateschoolforamaster’sdegree.18.A.took B.received C.deserved D.held19.A.cause B.give C.describe D.hide20.A.completion B.identity C.purpose D.belonging21.A.Intermsof B.Withregardto C.Onaccountof D.Bycomparisonwith22.A.reward B.favor C.job D.break23.A.fortune B.promotion C.living D.reputation24.A.tookoff B.startedover C.sloweddown D.pulledup25.A.director B.leader C.singer D.hit26.A.confused B.upset C.anxious D.regretful27.A.assistance B.admission C.invitation D.permission28.A.willing B.cautious C.determined D.satisfied29.A.gradually B.eventually C.obviously D.temporarily30.A.milestone B.award C.dreamland D.wonder31.A.warned B.begged C.commanded D.reminded32.A.record B.acquire C.further D.finish【答案】18.B19.C20.A21.C22.D23.C24.A25.D26.D27.B28.C29.B30.A31.D32.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了演员安东尼·安德森30年前因经济困难休学。四年前他的儿子被他曾经就读的大学录取，安德森受到触动后重返校园，在51岁时完成了学业。【18题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位51岁的年轻人上周拿到了霍华德大学的美术学士学位。A.took携带；B.received拿到；C.deserved应得；D.held持有。根据下文“ThisspringIwas12abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”可知，此处表示安德森“拿到”了霍华德大学的美术学士学位。故选B项。【19题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：言语无法描述我现在的感觉。A.cause导致；B.give给；C.describe描述；D.hide隐藏。根据上文“Itwasalladream!Wordsfailto”以及语境可知，安德森非常激动，言语无法“描绘”现在的感受。故选C项。【20题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最自豪的时刻是一种完成感是完成多年前开始的工作。A.completion完成；B.identity身份；C.purpose目的；D.belonging归属感。根据下文“finshingwhatIstartedmanyyearsago”可知，此处表示一种“完成”感。故选A项。【21题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于经济困难，他不得不要求休学。A.Intermsof就…而言；B.Withregardto关于；C.Onaccountof由于；D.Bycomparisonwith与…相比较。根据下文“somefinancialdifficulties,hehadtoaskforafromschool.”可知，此处表示“由于”经济困难，安德森不得不休学。故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于经济困难，他不得不要求休学。A.reward奖励；B.favor帮助；C.job工作；D.break中断，暂停。根据上文“somefinancialdifficulties”以及下文“Thefollowingyearshewasoccupiedinhisworkanddidn’treturntoschool.”可知，由于经济困难，安德森不得不休学，“中断”学习。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他努力工作以维持生计。A.fortune财富；B.promotion晋升；C.living生计，谋生；D.reputation名誉。根据上文“Heworkedhard”可知，他努力工作，是为了维持“生计”。故选C项。【24题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，他组建了家庭，事业腾飞。A.tookoff腾飞；B.startedover重新开始；C.sloweddown减速；D.pulledup停止。根据下文“Heplayedthestarringrolesinmanyfilms”可推知，安德森取得了成功，他的事业“腾飞”。故选A项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在许多电影中扮演主角，很受欢迎。A.director经理；B.leader领导者；C.singer歌手；D.hit很受欢迎的人或事物。根据上文“Heplayedthestarringrolesinmanyfilms”可知，安德森很受欢迎，hit表示“很受欢迎的人或事物”，符合题意。故选D项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是他一直感到遗憾的事情，直到四年前他的儿子内森被霍华德大学录取。A.confused困惑的；B.upset心烦意乱的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.regretful遗憾的。根据上文“somefinancialdifficulties,hehadtoaskforafromschool.”以及“Thefollowingyearshewasoccupiedinhisworkanddidn’treturntoschool.”可知，安德森不得不休学，之后一直没能重返校园，这是他一直感到“遗憾的”事情。故选D项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是他一直感到遗憾的事情，直到四年前他的儿子内森被霍华德大学录取。A.assistance协助；B.admission允许进入，录取；C.invitation邀请；D.permission准许，许可。根据下文“Thatinspiredhislongingforuniversitystudy,sohewas11togobackandfinishhisdegree”可知，此处表示安德森的儿子内森被霍华德大学“录取”。故选B项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这激发了他对大学学习的渴望，所以他决心回去完成他的学位。A.willing愿意的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.determined有决心的；D.satisfied满意的。根据下文“togobackandfinishhisdegree”以及“ThisspringIwasabletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”可知，此处表示安德森“决心”回去完成自己的学位。故选C项。【29题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：安德森说:“今年春天，我终于完成了从霍华德大学毕业的工作。”。A.gradually逐渐地；B.eventually最终；C.obviously明显地；D.temporarily暂时地。根据下文“abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity”以及语境可知，安德森“终于”完成学业，从霍华德大学毕业了。故选B项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他称这是一个里程碑，称之为“一个完整的循环时刻”，并提醒他的粉丝，“永远不会太晚。事情会在应该发生的时候发生!”A.milestone里程碑；B.award奖品；C.dreamland梦境；D.wonder奇迹。根据上文“ThisspringIwasabletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity”以及下文“bycallingit‘afull-circlemoment’”可知，此处表示安德森将完成学业当作一个“里程碑”。故选A项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他称这是一个里程碑，称之为“一个完整的循环时刻”，并提醒他的粉丝，“永远不会太晚。事情会在应该发生的时候发生!”A.warned警告；B.begged乞求；C.commanded命令；D.reminded提醒。根据下文“‘It’snevertoolate.Thingshappenwhenthey’resupposedtohappen!’”可知，安德森在“提醒”自己的粉丝。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德森现在是两个孩子的父亲，他计划继续深造，去研究生院攻读硕士学位。A.record记录；B.acquire获得；C.further增进；D.finish完成。根据下文“hiseducationandgotograduateschoolforamaster’sdegree.”可知，安德森要去研究生院攻读硕士学位，“增进（深造）”自己的教育。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChineseTeachers’Dayistheveryfestival____33____celebratesthe2,300-yeartraditionofrespectingteachersandeducationinChina.Itbearsmuch____34____(similar)to