《艾伦秀》节目中的话轮转换分析

题目《艾伦秀》节目中的话轮转换分析PAGEIICONTENTS汉语提纲 Ⅰ中文摘要 ⅤAbstract 1Introduction 11.1EllenShow 11.2LiteratureReview 1TurnandTurn-taking 23.AnalysisofTurn-takinginEllenShow 23.1Turn-yielding 23.1.1Nomination 33.1.2Nodding 43.2Turn-holding 53.2.1Monologue 53.2.2UsingConjunctions 63.2.3UsingHesitationFillers 63.3Turn-claiming 73.3.1DiscourseInsertion 73.3.2DiscourseInterruption 84.Conclusion 9References 11《艾伦秀》节目中的话轮转换分析（提纲）引言1.1《艾伦秀》节目《艾伦秀》是以主持人艾伦的名字命名并在美国CBS电视台热播的一档脱口秀节目。自开播以来，在众多电视节目中收视率一直居于首位，号称全美第一脱口秀。该节目特色是结合了趣闻，名人，音乐嘉宾和人情故事，题材多为健康、情感、心理和家庭生活等。在整个访谈过程中，以嘉宾讲述自己的故事为主，艾伦提问问题为辅。主持人艾伦以其轻松诙谐的主持风格备受青睐，该节目已获得33个日间艾美奖。1.2文献综述话论转换是由Sacks，Schegloff和Jefferson于1974年提出的。他们认为话论转换存在于任何一个会话中，按其字面意思就是依次轮流说话。Fasold(2000)指出，“话轮转换是话语分析的核心问题”。国内，目前以刘虹（2004）在《会话结构分析》中对话轮转换的定义最为人们接受。刘虹认为“话轮是在会话过程中，说话者在任意时间内连续说出的话，其结尾以说话者和听话者角色互换或是各方的沉默为标志”，在此之后，金翠萍（2010）分析了拉里•金电视谈话节目的话轮转换策略；郝英（2013）分析了美国电视谈话节目中的话轮转换策略；张廷国（2003）分析了话轮及话轮转换的交际技巧；蒋珊珊（2009）分析了汉语会话中的话轮转换系统，并做了话轮小结；彭艳虹（2007）分析了英语会话中话轮转换系统。但是很少有人分析《艾伦秀》节目中的话轮转换。本文以Sacks，Schegloff和Jefferson（1974）提出的话轮转换为基础，采用理论与实例相结合的分析方法，从话轮出让，话轮保持，话轮获取三个方面分析《艾伦秀》节目中主持人艾伦和采访嘉宾在对话中所采取的话轮转换技巧，旨在使人们能够更好地理解话轮转换技巧，并将其运用到日常交际中，从而使会话更加得体。话轮和话轮转换话论最早是由Sacks,Schegloff和Jefferson(1974)提出的，他们认为会话的最小单位是话轮。会话是交际者双方或多方互动合作的过程，其特征是轮流发话。按其字面意思，话轮转换就是依次轮流说话；Levision对话轮转换做了进一步的解释:turn-taking:oneparticipant,A,talks,stops,B,starts,talks,stops，其基本模式为:“A-B-A-B-A-B”（Levision,2001)，而会话者任何一方的沉默或者另一方的谈话就标志着话轮的终止；Fasold指出：“话轮主要由单词，短语，句子等句法结构构成”（Fasold,2000）。《艾伦秀》节目中的话轮转换分析3.1话轮出让话轮出让是指当前的说话者将话轮传给下一个说话者，话轮出让通常有两种方式：点名和点头示意。3.1.1点名主持人经常用点名的方式放弃当前的话轮，让被点到名的嘉宾明确自己是下一个发言人。在《艾伦秀》节目中，主持人还使用代词“you”和其他一些称呼语，比如“honey”“baby”“sweetheart”等。3.1.2点头示意在访谈过程中，发话人不会一直霸占着话轮，当他认为自己此刻的发话已趋于结束时，通常采用点头示意的方式出让话轮。3.2话轮保持话论保持是指当前的说话者通常会采取一些会话技巧来避免他的话语被打断。在访谈节目中，通常有三种方式来保持话轮：长篇独白，使用连词，使用搪塞语。3.2.1长篇独白在访谈节目中，嘉宾出场前，主持人都会有一段开场白。为了防止话语被打断，主持人会采取一些保持话轮的技巧。3.2.2使用连词在电视访谈节目中，主持人经常会用到“so”,“since”,“because”等连词暗示听话者自己的话轮长度。在《艾伦秀》节目中主持人会用“so”,“because”,“and”等连词暗示听话者后面还有话,通过这种方式就避免了话语的插入。3.2.3使用搪塞语通过使用搪塞语来保持话轮，比如“as”,“en”,“um”,“well”等词。这种方式可以为自己争取说话的时间，即使说话者不知道接下来要说什么。3.3话轮获取话轮获取是指在谈话过程中，听话者想要发表自己的看法去获取话轮。在《艾伦秀》节目中，获取话轮通常通过两种方式：插入话语和打断话语。3.3.1插入话语在访谈节目中，主持人需要在有限的时间内获取大量有效的信息。所以每一次插入话语都具有目的性。例如，通过插入话语转换话题或者插入合适的词语使会话进行地更顺利。3.3.2打断话语打断话语是另一种获取话轮的方式，通过打断当前说话者的话语来获取话轮。但是打断话语与插入话语相比，前者欠缺礼貌，主持人通常打断话语的目的是为了在限定的时间内获取更多有效的信息。4.结论会话是人类社会交际过程的基本形式，话轮转换的研究是话语研究的一部分。本文以《艾伦秀》为语料，从话轮出让，话轮保持，话轮获取三方面分析了主持人与嘉宾进行对话时所用的话轮转换技巧。通过分析《艾伦秀》这档电视脱口秀节目，笔者发现：第一，《艾伦秀》节目中主持人与嘉宾的对话符合Sacks提出的会话规则。通过《艾伦秀》话论转换中的实例指出了节目的会话过程中存在的话轮出让，话轮保持，话轮获取。第二，话论转换已被广泛应用于脱口秀节目中。该节目要在限定的主题和时间内顺利地进行，并且能保证被观众所认可，获得较高的收视率，话论转换在节目中的作用至关重要。《艾伦秀》中主持人很巧妙地使用了话伦转换中的技巧使会话顺利进行。第三，电视访谈节目有其独特的特点，主持人通过各种话轮来控制节目的进程和方向，以各种方式达到转变话轮，推进话题的目的。而嘉宾在主持人引导下展开话题，通过采取种种策略使得访谈能够顺利进行。总之，通过对《艾伦秀》节目的分析，增强了人们对话轮转换的了解，同时也为日常会话提供了交际策略，使会话更加得体，达到理想的交际效果。本文的不足之处在于：其语料是通过观看视频收集，无法获取原始的访谈语料，所以对节目的分析不够详尽和全面。V《艾伦秀》节目中的话轮转换分析摘要：话轮转换是人类会话中特有的言语机制，可以说会话存在之处就有话轮转换。要使一段谈话顺利进行，尤其是使电视访谈节目中的会话顺利进行，话轮转换至关重要。电视访谈节目是主持人与嘉宾面对面谈话互动的双向交流节目，与日常会话相比，访谈节目中的对话目的性较强。本文从话轮出让，话轮保持，话轮获取三个方面分析了《艾伦秀》节目中主持人艾伦和采访嘉宾所采取的话轮转换技巧，旨在加深人们对话轮转换的理解，为日常会话提供交际策略，使其更加得体。关键词：访谈节目；话轮转换；话轮出让；话轮保持；话轮PAGE2AnAnalysisofTurn-takinginEllenShowAbstract:Turn-takingisalanguagemechanismpeculiartohuman.Itissaidthatwherethereisaconversation,thereisaturn-taking.Soitplaysaveryimportantroleinmakingtheconversationgosmoothly,especiallythetelevisioninterviewprogram.TVtalkshowisaninteractiveandtwo-wayprograminwhichthehostandtheguesttalkface-to-face.Comparedwithdailydialogue,theconversationintalkshowismorepurposeful.InordertomaketheTVprogramproceedsmoothly,hostsandguestsusuallyusesomekindsofturn-takingskills.BasedonconversationsinEllenShow,thispaperanalyzesthestrategiesofturn-takingusedbythehostEllenandtheguestsfromthreeaspects:turn-yielding,turn-holdingandturn-claiming.Itcanbeknownthatturn-takingskillscanpromptTVprogramtoproceedsmoothly.Thepurposeoftheanalysisistohelppeopleunderstandturn-takingcomprehensivelyandprovidecommunicativestrategiesfordailyconversationtomakeutteranceappropriate.KeyWords:TVtalkshow,turn-taking,turn-yielding,turn-holding,turn-claimingIntroduction1.1EllenShowEllenshowisaTVtalkshowthatisunderthenameofthehostEllenanditisbroadcastedintheUnitedStatesCBStelevision.Thisprogramhasthehighestaudienceratingamongmanytalkshowssincebroadcasted.Ithasbecomeabrilliantsceneonscreens.Themajorcharacteristicisthecombinationofanecdotes,celebrities,musicguestsandhumanstories.Thesubjectconcernshealth,emotion,psychologyandfamilylife.EveryepisodemainlyfocusesonstoriesoftheguestswhoarewillingtosharetheirstoriesunderthehostEllen’ssincereguidance.Ellen’sspecialhostingstylecreatesarelaxingandpleasantatmosphere.Thisprogramhaswon33daytimeEmmyAwards.1.2LiteratureReviewTurn-takingisfirstputforwardbySacksHarvey,SchegloffEmanuel.AandJeffersonGailin1974.Theyproposethetheoryfromtheperspectiveofsociallinguisticsbyusingthefolkloremethodology;Fasold(2000)pointsoutthatturnisthefundamentalunitofdialogue;Nowadays,LiuHong’sdefinitionofturn-takinginAnalysisofConversationStructureisacceptedbymanypeopleinourcountry(LiuHong,2004);Afterthat,JinCuiping(2010)studiesthestrategiesofturn-takinginLKLTalkShow;HaoYing(2013)analyzesstrategiesofturn-takinginAmericaTVtalkshow;ZhangGuoting(2003)analyzescommunicativestrategiesofturnandturn-taking;JiangShanshan(2009)analyzesthesystemofturn-takinginChineseandmakesaconclusionofturn-taking;PengYanhong(2007)analyzesthesystemofturn-takinginEnglish.However,fewpeopleanalyzethestrategiesofturn-takinginEllenShow.Basedonthetheoryofturn-takingputforwardbySacks,SchegloffandJefferson(1974),combingwithsomeexamples,thispaperattemptstoanalyzethespeakingskillsoftheturn-takingintheconversationbetweenthehostandtheguestinEllenShowfromturn-yielding,turn-holdingandturn-claiming.Thepurposeistohelppeoplebetterunderstandturn-takingandprovidethemwithcommunicativeskillstomaketheconversationmoreappropriate.Turnandturn-taking Thetheoryofturn-takingisfirstputforwardbySacks,SchegloffandJefferson(1974).Theythinkthatturn-takingisthesmallestunitsofconversation.Conversationmeansit’samutualcooperationprocess.Turn-taking,asitsnamesuggests,istotaketurnstospeak;Levinsonhasconcretelyexplainedwhatisturn-takingasfollows:“turn-taking:oneparticipant,A,talks,stops,B,starts,talks,stops.”Themodelis“A-B-A-B-A-B”(Levinson,2001).Itmarkstheendoftheturnwheneithersideoftheconversationkeepssilenceortheothersideoftheconversationbeginstospeak.Fasoldhasexplainedthatturn-takingiscomposedmainlyofwords,phrases,andsentences”(Fasold,2000).3.AnalysisofTurn-takinginEllenShow3.1Turn-yieldingTurn-yieldingmeansthatthepresentspeakertriestogivethespeakingchancetothenextspeaker.AccordingtoHaoYing(2013),therearetwowaystoyieldaturn.Thefirstwayisnomination,thesecondisnodding.3.1.1NominationNominationisacommonwaytogiveuptheturn,whichcanberealizedbycallingthenextspeaker’sname，usingpronoun“you”orusingsomeotheraddressingtermssuchas“honey”“baby”“sweetheart”etcintheconversation.InEllenShow,thehostEllenoftenusesnominationtogiveupherturnintheconversation.Example1:Ellen:Hi,Kym,howareyou?(1)Kym:Hi,guys,whatafunaudienceyouhave!(2)Ellen:Iknow,theyarewonderful.Allright,soyouwenttoHomeDepot,right?(3)Kym:IwenttoHomeDepotforyou.(4)InExample1,thehostEllentendstogiveupthecurrentturnbycallingtheguest’sname“Kym”,followedbyagreeting(1).Itisnormalthateverynominationisfollowedbyagreeting.Kympraisestheaudienceafterreply(2).Then,Ellenusesthepronoun“you”toendonetopicandstartanotherbyaquestion(3).Kymobtainestheinformationandgivestheanswerquickly(4).Inthisexample,thehostusesonetypeofskill,nomination,toendupherturnandstartanotheronesmoothly.Afterthat,theguestgainstheinformationandpicksuptheturnquickly.Itshowsthattheturnistakingsmoothlyandsuccessfully.Indailylife,whenpeopletalksomethingwithfriendsorfamiliarpeople,theycancallthenameorusepronoun“you”toletthemcontinuetheturn.Example2:Ellen:Hi,sweetheart,howareyou?(1)Paula:I’mgreat.(2)Ellen:Good,Simonhowareyou?(3)Simon:I’mgreat,thankyou.(4)Ellen:Good,I’msohappytoseeyoualltogetheragain...(5)Intheexchangeabove,EllengivesupthecurrentturnbycallingPaula“sweetheart”followedbyagreeting“howareyou?”andpassestherightofspeakingtotheguest(1).Afterthat,theguestPaulanaturallytakestheturnandanswers“Iamgreat.”(2).Then,thehostendsupthecurrentturnbyaword“Good”andgreetsSimonwithaquestion“howareyou?”(3).Simongetstheinformationsoonandmakesthecurrentturncontinuebymeansofansweringthequestionwith“I’mgreat,thankyou.”(4).Ellenendsthepresentspeakingbytheword“Good”andstartsanothertopic(5).Fromtheabovetwoexamples,itcanbeseenthatnomination,themostcommonlyusedwayofturn-yieldinginthetalkshowcanberealizedinthreeways.Firstly,thehostcancallthenextspeaker’sname;Secondly,thehostcanusethepronoun“you”;Thirdly,thehostcanalsousesomeotheraddressingformssuchas“honey”“baby”“sweetheart”etc.Amongthethreekindsofstrategiesofturn-yielding,thefirsttypeismorecommonlyusedthantheothertwointheconversation.Indailyconversation,whentalkingwithfriendsorotherpeople,peoplecanalsousethiskindofspeakingskilltogiveuptheturn.3.1.2NoddingThesecondwaytogiveupaturnisnodding.Whenthespeakerthinksthathisorherwordshavecometoanendandwantstogiveuptherightofspeakingatthemoment,heoftenusesnoddingtogiveuphisturn.Inconversations,noddingisusuallyusedappearswhentherearemorethantwoparticipants.Example3:Ellen:Youknowthepriceofbeauty?Alot?(nodding)(1)AndrewGarfield:Alot.Igottawriteabook.(2)EmmaStone:Oh,mygosh,Idid.(3)InExample3,thehostEllensetsatopicfordiscussionwithaquestion“Youknowthepriceofbeauty?Alot?”,combiningwiththebodylanguage“nodding”toindicatethatherwordshavecometoanend(1).AndrewGarfieldpicksuptheturnquicklyandanswers“Alot”.Then,sheadds“Igottawriteabook”(2).Afterthat,EmmaStonetakestheturnquicklyandanswersthequestionafterAndrewGarfieldfinisheshisturnwith“Oh,mygosh,Idid.”(3).Soturn-yieldingisrealizedbyusingnodding,thebodylanguage.Fromtheaboveexamples,itcanbeseenthatthehostusesnoddingandnominationtogiveupherturn.Theseturn-takingskillscanalsobeusedindailyconversations.Forexample,whentalkingwithpeople,wecancalltheirnamestoletthemspeakonebyoneorjustusebodylanguagestoindicateotherpeopletobethenextspeaker.3.2Turn-holdingTurn-holdingmeansthatthecurrentspeakeravoidshisturnbeinginterruptedbeforehefinishestheturn,sothathecanproceedwiththespeakingsmoothly.Turn-holdingcanberealizedinthreeways:monologue,usingconjunctionsandusinghesitationfillers.3.2.1MonologueWherethereisatalkshow,thereisamonologue.Monologueoftenappearsbeforetheprogramstarts.Inordernottobeinterruptedbytheaudience,thehostwillusemonologuetoholdtheturn,ifhe/sheisinterestedinthecurrenttopicandisveryhappytoprovidemoreextrainformation.Example4:……Ellen:AndI…Ireally,Ihadnoambition,Ididn’tknowwhatIwanttodo.IdideverythingfromIshuckedoysters,Iwasahostess,Iwasawaitress,Ipaintedhouses,IsoldVacuumcleaners,Ihadnoidea.And…AndIthoughtI’djustfinallysettledinsomejobs,andIwouldmakeenoughmoneyto…topaymyrent,maybehaveabasiccable,maybenot…(1)Audience:(laughter)(2)Ellen:Likeforexample,whenIwasyourage,Iwasdatingaman,(laughter)so(0.2)whatI’msayingis,whenyouareolder,mostofyouwillgetmarried.Anyonewritethisstuffdown?Parents?(3)Audience:Yeah.(4)Inthisfragment,Ellenkeepstheturnforalongtimeinwhichshemakesadetailedintroductionaboutherexperience(1).Althoughthereisashortinterruptionandoverlapduringhernarration(2),shestillkeepstheturn.Andmaybebecauseofherinterestinthecurrenttopic,shecontinuestalkingandprovidesmoreinformationthanrequiredandexpected(3).Throughthisway,thehostsuccessfullykeepstheturn.Inthedailylife,especiallywhenmakingspeech,peoplecanusethiskindofskilltoholdtheturn.3.2.2UsingConjunctionsWhenthehostorguestpicksupaturnsuccessfully,theywillusesomekindsofspeakingskillstomaketheirturncontinue.Forexample,thespeakeroftenusessomeconjunctionssuchas“because”,“and”,“so”etctoimplytothelistenerthathehasn’tfinishedhisspeaking.Thisskillcanavoidotherpeople’sinterruption.Example5:Ellen:SoyouaredoingtheXFactorforwhatreasonSimonCowell?(1)Simon:BecauseIwasjealousoftheseguywhowasfindingalltalentintheworld.BecausehehasthisgreatplatformofXFactorallovertheworld.HewasfindingsomanystarsandIwasreallyjealous.Andthat’swhyIdidit.(2)Ellen:Really?(3)Simon:Yes,soIcalledhimandsaidletmedo,Simon.(4)Intheseutterances,Ellenstartswithanothertopic“SoyouaredoingtheXFactorforwhatreasonSimon?”(1).Simontakesoverthetopicsuccessfully.Heresheuses“because”,“and”and“so”tomakeherwordslogicalandimpliesthatshehasalongturn(2).Then,Ellenasks“really?”(3).Simonanswersthequestionandusesconjunctions“so”toconcludeherspeaking(4).Inthisexample,theguestSimon,usesconjunctionstoavoidEllen’sinterruptionandkeepstheturntocontinuesmoothly.Indailyconversation,theseconjunctionscanbeusedtoexpresspeople’sthoughts.3.2.3UsingHesitationFillersByusinghesitationfillers,suchas“en”,“um”,“youknow”,“well”,“comeon”etc,thespeakercanreducenervousnessandholdstheturnalthoughhemaynotknowhowtoexpresshisthoughtstemporarily.Example6:Ellen:ButImean,comeon,forifyou’reagirl,areyoukiddingme?AndsoNicole,yourfirsttimeworkingwithSimonandhowareyoufeelingworkingwithSimon?(1)Nicole:Well,wearekindredspiritsbecausewe’reinnocent,andyouknowthere’sSimonandum.(2)Intheconversation,EllenandNicolearetalkingaboutSimon.Ellenstartsthetopicwithaquestion“...howareyoufeelingworkingwithSimon?”(1).Then,NicoleisgladtotalkaboutSimon.Sosheishappytogivemoreinformationwiththehelpofsomehesitationfillerssuchas“well”and“um”tokeeptheturn(2).Intheexample,byusingsomehesitationfillers,theguestNicolesuccessfullykeepsthecurrentturnandavoidsbeinginterruptedbyothers.Indailyconversation,thisisagoodwayforspeakerstoholdtheturnandalsogetmoretimetothinkandexpressviewsperfectly.3.3Turn-claimingTurn-claimingrefersthatlistenersgiveouthintsthatheorshewantstosaysomethingandwouldliketogettheturninaconversationfromthosewhoarespeaking.It’smorecommontohappenwhentheparticipantshavedifferentopinionsintheconversation.InEllenShow,turn-claimingcanberealizedbydiscourseinsertionanddiscourseinterruption.3.3.1DiscourseInsertionDiscourseinsertionisusuallyusedasassistance.Owingtothepurposeoftalkshows,thehostneedstogainlotsofinformationinthelimitedtime.Sowhenaguestisbaffledbyanappropriateword,inordertohelptheguesttoexpressviewscorrectly,thehostwilltrytoguidetheguestbyinsertingsomewords.Indoingso,thehostdoesnotwanttogettherighttospeak,buttomaketheconversationproceedsmoothly.Example7:Robert:Sothatis,therearealotofhappeningsinthismove.Youfinally,yougettogether,yougetmarriedandyouhavea…(0.3).(1)Ellen:Baby?(2)Inthisexcerpt,whenEllenandRoberttalkaboutRobert’sexperienceinthemove.Robertisstumpedforaword(1).Then,Ellenguideshimbyinsertingtheword“Baby”,sothathecanfinishhisspeakingsmoothly.Anothertypeofinsertionisusedwhentheguest’sutteranceisnotclear.Atthistime,thehostwillinsertsomewordsandcomeupwithafurtherquestionforbetterunderstanding.Example8:Ellen:Andyouaregoodguy,too.Ilove,youjustboughtyourmomacondo?(1)AnnaKendrick:Idid.IgotmymotheracondoinRedondo.(2)Ellen:AcondoinRedondo?(3)AnnaKendrick:AcondoinRedondo.MymomyouknowItalkaboutmymomwhereIgo.Andshe’sbeenmy…(4)Inthisexample,althoughAnnaKendrickanswersthequestionofEllen“Idid.IgotmymotheracondoinRedondo”(2),itisstilldifficultforthehearertounderstand.SoEllenasksafurtherquestioninordertomakeitclearbymakinganinsertion“AcondoinRedondo?”(3).Here,thehostdoesnotwanttoclaimthespeakingrightbuttomaketheguest’sutteranceclear.Duringthewholeinterview,thehostcontrolsthedirectionofthespeakingandgetsalotofinformationinthelimitedtimethroughinsertingwords.3.3.2DiscourseInterruptionDiscourseinterruptionisanotherwaytogettheturn.Itmeansthathearersinterruptthecurrentspeaker’sutterancewithoutwaitingforhimorhertocompletespeaking.Generally,itisconsideredasimpolite,sopeoplewillnotgettheturnbyinterrupting.However,asconversationsintalkshowsareextremelypurposeful,thehostmustgainmoreinformationinthelimitedtime.Soitisacommonroutinethatthehoststopsthecurrenttalkandprovidesanewdirection.Example9:Ellen:Allright,soJacksonandAshley,thedanceforthewedding.Iguesssheworkedonthatthrough,right?(1)Jackson:yeah,youknow,wegotanamazingchoreographerPaulBecker.Andhecameinandshowedthislittledance,andwewanttomakealittlemore1920s,kindofswingdancer,becauseofourcharacters,so(0.2)weworkonalittlebit,changethatup,youknow,and...(2)Ellen:Allright,wouldyoushowusthatdanceandwegotabreak?(3)Ascanbeseenintheexample,Ellengivesupherturnwithaquestion“...Iguesssheworkedonthatthrough,right?”(1).Atthemoment,theguestpicksuptheturnandalsousessomekindsofskillssuchas“youknow”“so”tokeeptheturnforalongtime(2).Consideringthetimeoftheprogram,Ellenmakesapoliteandtimelyinterruptsbythewords“Allright”tostopthecurrenttalkandguidestheconversationtothenextstep“...wouldyoushowusthatdanceandwegotabreak?”(3).Therefore,intalkshows,interruptionisoftenusedbythehostforcapturingmoresignificantinformation.Indailyconversation,thiskindofskillcanalsobeusedtoavoidsuchsituationwhenapersonisspeakingallthetimewithoutthestop.Inthisexample,itcanbeseenthatEllenisanexperiencedhostandcontrolstheturnwell.Sincetalkshowsarepurposeful,thehosthastousesomeskills,suchasdiscourseinsertion,discourseinterruptiontomaketheprogramproceedsmoothlyandgainsmoreinformation.Nevertheless,insomeofficialorimportantsituations,peoplewillnotclaimaturnbyinterruption,whichisconsideredasanimpolitemanner.4.ConclusionDiscourseisaninteractionbetweentwoormorepeoplewhofollowtherulesofcommunication.Conversationalanalysisisseenasonesub-fieldindiscourseanalysis,whileturn-takingisthecoreinconversationalanalysis.BasedontheexamplesofEllenshow,thispaperanalyzestheconversationbetweenthehostandtheguest,mainlyfromturn-yielding,turn-holdingandturn-claiming.ByanalyzingtheEllenshow,theauthorfound:Firstly,thedialoguesinEllenshowconformtherulesputforwardbySacks.Throughtheexamplesofturn-takinginEllenshow,itcanbeseenthatthereareturn-yielding,turn-holding,turn-claimingintheconversation.Secondly,turn-takingiswidelyusedinTVtalkshows,whichmustbeproceededinlimitedthemeandtime.InEllenshow,thehostEllenusessomekindsofturn-takingskillstomaketheconversationgosmoothly.Thirdly,TVtalkshowhasitsuniquecharacters.Thehosttriestocontrolthedirectionoftheprogrambyalotofturn-takingstrategiestoachievethegoalofpromotingtheconversation.Whiletheguestbroachthetopicundertheguidanceofthehost.Allinall,peoplecanfurtherunderstandturn-takingfromtheanalysisofEllenshow.Meanwhile,thispaperalsoprovidessomestrategiestomaketheconversationmoreappropriate.However,therearestillsomedisadvantages.Theexamplesarenotcomprehensive,whicharecollectedbytheauthoronlythroughwatchingTV.Sotheanalysisisinevitablyinsufficient.Despitethat,theauthorstillhopesthatthisthesiswillcontributelittletothefieldofdailyconversationandthestudyoftalkshowprograms.References:[1]Fasold.AnalyzingVariationinLanguage[M].GeorgetownUniversityPress,2000.[2]Levinson.Pragmatics[M].CambridgeUniversityPress,2001.[3]Sacks,H.Schegloff,E.A.&Jefferson,G.ASimplestSystematicsfortheOrganizationofTurn-takingforConversation[J].Language,1974(4):115-121.[4]陈石磊.话轮转换视角下的电视访谈节目研究——以《鲁豫有约之催事班的故事》为例[J].文