高考英语阅读理解一轮练八（含解析）

2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（8）

李仕才

A

ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmore

moneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.Althoughrathershocking,itshouldnotsurprise

anyonewhohasseenthedoggyparIours（客厅）where1ovedpetsrest.AreAmericans

uniqueintreatingtheirlittlefriendsinthisway?No,theEnglish,too,paymore

attentiontotheirpets.

Thiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoods,whichoftencontainmorevitamins

thanhumanfood.Theycertainlycostmuch.LastyeartheBritishpublicspenttwo

hundredmillionpoundsonpetfoodalone,tosaynothingofveterinarybillsoranimal

furniture.Itisdifficultnottofeelangryaboutthiswhenconsideringwhatthesame

amountcoulddoforvictimsofstarvationandpoverty,soit'snotunusualforme

togethotundercollarwhenIreadanoldmanleftallhismoneytohisdogir.stead

ofhischildren.

ThereareavarietyofreasonswhyIfindpetsraisingalarming.Theycausephysical

problems.Anexampleof:hisisNewYorkwheretheyhavegreatdifficultygettingrid

ofthemessthatdogsleaveonthestreets.Manypeoplefindthisfunny,butinar.umber

oflargecitiesitisamajorprob1em.Anima1scancausedisease,too.Itisthethreat

ofbabies一adiseasewithnoknowncure.

Anotherproblemisthecarelessnessofpetowners.Mostlittlechildrenwanta

dogoracat,andtheycontinuallypushtheirmothersandfathersuntiltheygetone.

Itisonlywhenthe"sweetlittlething"hasbeenbroughthomethattheparents

realizehowmuchtimeandmoneymustbespenton"Rover"or"Bonzo".Thenthey

justabandonit.Asaresult,theyareallowedtorunfree.Englishfarmerslose

hundredsofsheepayear,killedbysomeone*spetandyoumusthavereadofchiIdren

beinghurtbysomepetsoftheirown.

Lastly,Iwouldonlysuggestthatwehavegotourprioritieswrongandthat

somethingshouldbedoneaboutit.Inmyview,it'stimewestoppedbeingsentimental

aboutpets.Icanseencreasonwhyweshouldgetupsetwhenanimalsarecutupfor

medicalexperiments.Thiswi11leadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases,

thenIsay,"keepcutting!"

1.Thedoggyparloursarementionedinthe1stparagraphtoshow

A.whatcostlylivesthepetsareliving

B.whereAmericanskeeptheirpets

C.whychildrenlovetheirpetssomuch

D.howmuchpetsdependontheirmasters

2.Inthesecondparagraph"togethotunderthecollar"probab1ymeans.

A.gettingquitehot

B.beingexcited

C.feelingextremelyangry

D.receivingafashionableshirt

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichfieldcananimalsbemostuseful?

A.Food.B.Sports.

C.Entertainment.D.Medicine.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspetsraising?

A.Sympathetic.B.Opposed.

C.Pitiful.D.Supportive.

【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者通过介绍饲养宠物存在的种种问题（譬如饲养成本昂

贵、宠物致人受伤、传染疾病等），表达了自己反对饲养宠物，而是应当将宠物用于贡献人类

医学实验的观点。

1.A【解析】推理判断题。"thedoggyparlours"所在的句子就是为了进一步阐释第一句"

ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmore

moneyonillspelsIlianunitschildren.",即如今人们在饲养宠物上花销巨大的

现状。故答案为A。

3.D【解析】推理判断题。从本文的最后两句"Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldget

upset...Thiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases...”

可知作者认为宠物在人类医学领域可以起着有益的作用.因此答案为Do

4.B【解析】观点态度题。文章前面介绍了成本昂贵、传染疾病等饲养宠物的危害，后面又

提到应把宠物用于贡献人类医学领域中去，故而可以看出作者对于饲养宠物的做法持反

对态度。因此答案为B。

B

（2015•四川宜宾二诊）

Washington：NASAhasannouncedevidencethatJupiter'slargestmoon,Ganymede,

hasasaltwateroceanunderitsicysurface.Theoceanseemstohavemorewaterthan

al1thewateronEarth,ssurface,accordingtonewHubbleobservations.

NewHubbleobservationsofGanymede*smagneticfieldstronglysuggestthatthe

moon,whichisthelargestinourwholesolarsystem,ishometoasubsurfaceocean.

Scientistsestimatethattheoceanis95kilometresthick,whichisabout10times

deeperthanEarth*soceans.Butunlikeoursaltywaters,GanymedeJsoceanisburied

under150kilometresofice.

Whilescientistshavespeculated（推测）sincethe1970saboutthepresenceofan

oceanonGanymede-thelargestmooninoursolarsystem-unti1nowtheonly

observationalevidencecamefromabriefflybybytheGalileospacecraft,whichdidnft

observethemoonlongenoughtoconfirmaliquidocean.

Thisdiscoverymarksanimportantniilestone»highlightingwhatonlyHubblecan

acplish.Inits25yearsinorbit,Hubblehasmademanyscientificdiscoveriesmour

ownsolarsystem.AdeepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurther

excitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.

ScientistshavealreadyconfirmedtheexistenceofanoceanonEuropa,another

moonorbitingjupiter,andNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissionthere

searchingforthelifethatmightewithliquidwater.

HubbleisatelescopethatorbitsEarth,butbecauseofitsimpressive

gravitationalanalysesitcanbeusedtostudytheinsideoffardistantplanets.Using

thesesameprinciples,scientistscouldtheoreticallydetectoceansondistant

exoplanetsaswell.

【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星Ganymcdo上有海洋，这

一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野，使探寻太阳系内地球以外的生命的努力更进一步。

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutGanymedefromthepassage?

A.Itisaplanetwiththelargestmooninourwholesolarsystem.

B.Itsoceanaddstopeople*sexcitementaboutlifebeyondEarth.

C.ItwillbeusedbyNASAasabasefortheHubbletelescope.

D.Its1iquidoceanwasfirstprovedbytheGalileospacecraft.

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句"Adeepoceanundertheicysurface

ofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibi1itiesfor1ifebeyondEarth.“可知，

木星卫星.上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter,sattitudetowardsHubble?

A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.

C.Negative.D.Favourable.

解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"Thisdiscoverymarksanimportant

milestone,highlightingwhatonlyHubblecanacplish.M可知,这次里程碑式的发现只

有哈勃望远镜能够完成，由此可推知，作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph6mean?

A.AnundergroundoceanhasbeenfoundinEuropa.

15.ThepresenceofanundergroundoceaninEuropaisnotpossible.

C.ItisnowcertainthatthereisanoceanonEuropa.

D.NoevidencehasshowntheexistenceofanoceanonEuropa.

解析:选C。句意理解题。根据第六段中的"andNASAhasannouncedplanstosendan

unmannedmissiontheresearchingforthelifethatmightewithliquidwater**可知，

因为Europa上有水存在，KA5A才宣布要在Europa上搜寻地外生命；由此可推知，画线句意

为:科学家们已经证实Europa上存在海洋。故选C项。

4.Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?

A.Atermessay.

B.Anewsreport.

C.Anexperimentreport.

I）.Anexplorationreview.

解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段uWashington：NASAhasannouncedevidence...

及文章内容可推知，本文为一篇新闻报道。故选B项。

C

London,snewestskyscraper（摩天大楼）iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430million

poundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetai1estbuildingin

Europe.TheShardhaspletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However,noteveryone

thinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.

TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItaiianarchitectRenzoPiano.Whenhebegan

designingtheShardforLondon,Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlike

aspire（尖顶）.Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesides

ofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikea

verythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：

theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondon

tradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetall

masts（桅杆）oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.

TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop»thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuilding

isempty,buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopquality

restaurants,apartmentsandoffices.

Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplans

wereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.Somecriticssaythatsuch

atallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,butnotinLondon.Theysay

thatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.There

isnodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.Theyalso

thinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.

Othercriticsdon't1ikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShard

showshowLondonisbeingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuythe

expensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.Butthepeoplewholivenearthe

ShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisionin

societybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.

TheShardnowdominatestheLondonsky1ine.Itisnotcertain,however,thatorcinary

Londoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.

1.London*snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof.

A.itscostB.itssize

C.itsshapeD.itsheight

2.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto_________.

A.changeLondon'sskyline

B.inheritLondon'stradition

C.imitatetheEgyptianstyle

D.attractpotentialvisitors

3.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard.

A.isonlypreferredbytherich

B.isintendedforwealthypeople

C.isfarawayfromthepoorarea

D.ispopularonlywithLondoners

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheShard：CheersandClaps

B.TheShard：WorkofaGreatArchitect

C.TheShard：NewSymbolofLondon?

D.TheShard：AChangefortheBetter?

答案：

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国伦敦的地标性建筑一一约310米高的欧洲第一

高楼一一“碎片大厦”。有人说这栋摩天大楼使伦敦看起来更漂亮，但更有批评意见一直伴随

着大楼的诞生。

1.C解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的wItlookslikeaverythin,sheirppieceofbroken

glass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.”可知,这栋楼的名字的

由来是其外形像一块很薄、很锋利的碎玻璃片，因此选C项“它的形状”，而非它的“花费、

尺寸或高度”。

2.B解析：细节理解题。第二段中的PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheSherdis

partofagreatLondontradition.（Piano说“碎片大厦”的尖顶外形是伦敦伟大传统的一

部分。）解释了设计师的想法，与B项“继承伦敦的传统”相吻合。A项”改变伦敦的天际线”

是结果而不是设计初衷，C项”模仿埃及风格”及D项“吸引潜在的游客”文中均未涉及。

3.B解析:细节理解题。由第五段中的"Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuythe

expensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.”可知，谈到社会分化的批评家认

为"碎片大厦"是“专为有钱人设计的（isintendedforwealthypeople片。

4.D解析：主旨大意题。全文介绍了欧洲第一高楼一一英国伦敦的“碎片大厦”。由第一段

的最后一句aHowever,noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.v可知，

对于这个改变，毁誉参半，故I）项“碎片大厦：更好的改变？”作为标题最为合适。A项“碎

片大原：欢呼与掌声”只美注了支持者，不够全面。

I）

（2016•辽宁铁岭六校联考）

Atanoutdoorrestaurant,acockroach（蟒螂）flewinandlandedonawoman.She

startedscreamingoutoffear；withapanicstrickenfaceandtremblingvoice,she

startedjumping,withbolhherhandsdesperatelytryingtogetridofthecockroach.Her

reactionwasspreading,aseveryoneinhergroupalsogotintoapanic.Thewomanfinally

managedtoflickthecockroachawaybutitlandedoramaninthegroupwhocontinued

thedrama.Intherelayofthrowing,thecockroachnextfelluponawaitresswhohad

rushedtotheirrescue.

Thewaitressstoodfirm,calmedherselfandobservedthebehaviorofthecockroach

onherblouse.Whenshewasconfidentenough,shegrabbeditandthrewitoutofthe

restaurant.

Sippingmycoffeeancwatchingtheamusement,Istartedwondering：Wasthecockroach

responsiblefortheirfunnybehavior?Ifso,thenwhywasthewaitressnotdisturbed?

Shehandledthesituationtonearperfection,withoutpanic.

Itwasnotthecockroach,buttheinabilityofthecustomerstohandlethe

disturbancecausedbythecockroachthatdisturbedthem.Irealizedthatit*snotthe

shoutingofmychildrenormybossormywifethatdisturbsme,butmyinabilityto

handlethedisturbancescausedbytheirshouting.

Ittsnotthetrafficjamsontheroadthatdisturbme,butmyinabi1itytohandle

thedisturbancecausedbythetrafficjam.Morethantheproblem,it'smyreaction

totheproblemthatcreateschaosinmylife.

Iunderstood.Ishouldnotreactinlife.Ishouldalwaysrespond.Thecustomers

reacted,whereasthewaitressresponded.Reactionsarealwaysinstinctive（本能的）while

responsestendtobewellthoughtout.

【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只蜂螂出现在饭店里引起了消费者的恐慌，服

务员冷静地捉住蝉螂，将其扔了出去。作者通过这个故事旨在告诉人们：遇到问题时要积极地

应对。

1.Whathappenedintheoutdoorrestaurant?

A.Acockroachwasfoundinawoman,sfoodandthenamanfoundthesameproblem.

B.Acockroachappearingintherestaurantcausedastateofpanicamongthe

customers.

C.Acockroachrushedthewaitressintoapologizingtothecustomers.

D.Awomanandamanweretryingtorescuethewaitressfromthecockroach.

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Atanoutdoorrestaurant,acockroach（

螂）flewinandlandedonawoman.Shestartedscreamingoutoffear...aseveryonein

hergroupalsogotintoapanic.”可知，出现在饭店里的蟀螂在一些消费者中引起了恐慌。

故答案选B。

2.Accordingtothepassage,ifyouranintoatrafficjam,youmight

inyourcar.

A.plainyourdelay

B.feelupsetandannoyed

C.relaxyourselfbylisteningtomusic

D.expectsomeonetocleartheroad

解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Reactionsarealwaysinstinctive（本

能的）whileresponsestendtobewel1thoughtout.可知，反应总是本能而对策往往是

经过深思熟虑的。因此遇到交通堵塞时，在车里听音乐是一种对策。故答案选C。

3.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?

A.Confusion.B.Success.

C.Poverty.D.Hcirmony.

解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句"It'snotthetrafficjamsontheroad

thatdisturbme»butmyinabi1itytohandlethedisturbancecausedbythetrafficjam.”

可推知，chaos与"disturbance"意思相近,意为“混乱”。故答案选A。

4.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?

A.Speakless,domore!

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords!

C.Mindyourmannerswhileinarestaurant!

D.Don*treactjustfromyourfeelings；respondpositively!

解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的"Ishouldnotreactinlife.Ishouldalways

respond.”可知，作者写这篇文章是想告诫读者遇到困难时要积极冷静应对，而不是只做些

本能的反应。故答案选D。

E

Manyparentsdisplaytheirchildren'sartworksontherefrigerator,butKieron

Williamson'spaintingshavebeenondisplayinprofessionalgalleriessincehewas

6yearsold.

Kieron'sartwork,though,extendsfarbeyondchiIdlikestickfiguresorfinger

painting.Infact,thechildfromNorfolk,England,hasbeencalled“theboywhopaints

likeanoldmaster.”

Accordingtohisparents,Kieronwasatypicaltoddlerwholikesfindingbugsand

playinginthemud.Butona2008familyvacationtothebeach,the5yearoldwasinspired

bytheboatsandsceneryandaskedhisparentsforasketchpad.Hisinitialdrawings

couldhavebeendonebyanyyoungchild,butafterthefamilyreturnedhome,Kieron

continueddrawingandbegantodisplayagiftforart.

Whenhestartedaskingabouttheprocessofputtingapaintingtogether,hisparents

realisedheneededprofessionalinstruction.Soonafter,hebegantakinglessors,and

hisprogressamazedeveryoneastheyoungboyproducedimpressivelandscapesan