非谓语动词学案很全面

非谓语动词学案（很全面）

非谓语动词基本概念及使用方法非谓语动词的语法功能

所能充当的成分主语衣语宾语定语状语

一、动词不定式todo目前分词v-ing过去分词v-cd

年分△△△△

V-Ing形

动名词△△△△

Thinkingabouttheseexamples:

不定式(todo)△△△△△△

thebridgetobebuilt将建造的桥.thebridgebeingbulk正在建造的桥,the

过去分词(done)△△△△

bridgebuilt已经建好的桥

Exercise,找出“非谓语动词。并判断作何成分

二、谓语与*谓语的比较

Toseeistobelieve.Sitingisbelieving.

非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象.汉语中几种语语动词连用而动词不用作

Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.

任何形式的变化.如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是IkMUc<mwvisitvmi,

Mysuggestionistostartworkutonce.

而是Hewillcomet。、hUtvou.这里领用了不定式tovisit,因此同学要尤其注意弄

Theyfounditimpossibletogetcvcnthingreadyintime.

清句子的构造.

Haveyouanythingtodeclare?

例：Tomsatunderatreeandseeinghisfriend,upinnutime.

Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.

A.tostandB.standingC-stoodD.

Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?

wouldstand

HeSUMhisfuthcrtalkingwithhisteacher.

分析】stood是与sat并列的谓语.

Ionceheardhimsingthissonj*.

1hebossmucicthemworkFrommorningtillnight.

目前1

与动名词变化形式相似在前加nut

Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtilln乂hl・分词

Thesituationisencouraging.做宾语的非调语动询比较

Shelookeddisappointed.欢常用动词

只按不定式hope,want,offer,long.fail,expect,wish,ask.decide,pretend,

Theylivedinaroomracing<=thatfaced）thesouth.

做宾语的动manage:,agree,afTord.determine,promise,happen

词

Thehousestanding{=thatstands）atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.

mind,・ii版enjoy,imagine,practisesuggest,finish,escape,excuse,

Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,reskt

只接动名词

feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,g4tdown（o,beengaged

Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.做宾语的动

in,Inskton,thinkof,.beproudof,takepridein,$e（about,he

词或短语

Themeetingbeingheldisverjimportant.afraid«>f,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,he

busy,payattentionto.stickto

Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.

Iwgin,“ail,like,lialv,preftr,continue（接不定式多指详细的

动作,按动名词多指一般或习惯行为）

Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.**证

本相似need,want,require（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动其关系，接

动名词积极形式表达被动意义，若按不定式则应用被动形式）

非调Q成

语语态叩。停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事

时杰复合构造否认式意义相St3d

形式.财停止正在做的事

反stopddng

todotobedone

5?rcmcmlwr/forgcl/rrgrettodo（18goon（od。（接着做此外一件事）

进行tohaveforsb.todo动作尚未发生）goondoing（接着锹向一件

式tohavedone

不定bevndonesth.在前加rcmcml>cr/furgct/rrgrctdoing

赞最“to”not（指动作己羟发生）

式tolx:doing/或never

ofsb.todo

完毕sth.totodo（设法，努力去做，竭meantodo（打算做，企图做）

tohavebeen意义不力）meandoing（意思是，意味着〉

进行/一样

式doingtrydoing（试试去做，看有何成

在前加果）

.或not

doingbeingdonesbsb's尤其注意复合构造can*thelp（to）do（不能帮忙becoHMclcrcdtohavedone被认

动名

doing的否认式：做）为己羟做了

词having作主语要用vumidvt...<ubv认为是

havingdonesb'snotdoingcan'th?lpdoing（忍不住要做）

bevndonesb'sdoingconsiderdoing考虑fil某事

sb'snothavingdone

案：

考点L动名词的完毕式一般不做主语

一.作主语1）Itwascomputergamesthatcosttheboya

表达常常性，常用动名词作主语，

lotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhis

表达某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，lessons.（D为何不行？）

有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.played

不定期，要么都用动名词D.havingplayed

1.___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoung2）thehomeworkmadehisfatherlose

andold.histemper.（但复合构造可以）

A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.IowalkD.A.Theboy'snothavingdoneB.Theboynot

Walkhavingdone

2.ToanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthanC.Theboy'shavingnotdoneD.The

boyhavingnotdone

A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishing答1.B2.A

quicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finish案：

quickly二.作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语

答1.B2.C考点2.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语

此类及物动词常见的有：毕forbid严禁forgive原谅giveup放弃

agree（同意），ask（请、要），attempt（试图），affordimagine想像keep保持mention提及mind

付得起agree同意ask规定apply申请care（想介意miss没赶上pardon原谅permit容许

要）,choose（决定、要），decide（决定）,desire（但practise练习prevent制止？摇prohibit严禁put

愿）,determine（决心），help协助expect（期望）,off推迟report汇报risk冒险stop停止suggest

fail（未能），hope（但愿），intend（打算），learn（学提议understand理解feellike想做某事

习）,manage（设法），offer（乐意），plan（计划、打考点4.有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但

算），pretend（假装）,refuse（拒绝、谢绝）,wish意思上有差异

（但愿）等等promise答应want想要wish但愿forget,remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘

考点3.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语了此前做的事。跟不定式，尚未作

下列动词习惯上可按动名词作宾语，但不能接不meantodo,打算作某事;meandoing,意味着

定式作宾语：trytodo,竭力作某事；trydoing,尝试着作某

admit承认advise提议allow容许appreciate事

感谢avoid防止consider考虑delay推迟denywant/need/requiredoingsth,表达被动;

否认discuss讨论dislike不喜欢enjoy爱慕regretdoingsth.对做过的某事表达懊悔；regret

escape逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完tosay,很抱歉的说

like/hatedoing,常常性的,like/hatetodo,特定A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits

的某一次2)Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdo

be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事，usedtodo过anythingbut_theflowingofthesmogaround

去常常做某事beusedtodo被用来做me.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.

can"helpdoing=can"helpbutdo忍不住做某事toenjoy

can'thelp(to)do不能协助做某事答1.C2.A

案：

stopdoing停止正在做着的某事；stoptodo停下

三.作表语

来做别的事情

考点6.表达未来某一次时常用动词不定式作表

goondoing继续做本来做的事goontodo接

培，表达常常性性时常用动名词作表语

着干别的事情

(表达某一次，假如主语中有do时，不定式省

forbid/allowdoingsomething;forbid/allow

略to)

somebodytodosomething

1)Herwishisanengineer.

考点5.except,but后跟不定式时，假如前面有实

A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecome

意动词do的形式，不用to,否则要带to

D.beingcome

1)Thereisnothingtodoexcept__tillitstops

2)Somepeople'sgreatestpleasureis・

snows.

A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishing

D.beingfishseeingD.seen

3)WhatYangLiweiwantedtodowhenhegotout答1.B2.B

案：

ofthespaceshipwas_thejoywithallthe

Chinese.

四.作定语

4)A.shareB.sharedC.havingshared

目前分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，

D.abouttoshare

作定语时，着与所修饰词之间的关系

答1.C2.A3.A

假如构成积极关系，（表正在进行），用目前分词

案：

考点7.Remaintobedone尚有待于，还要看假如构成被动关系，（已完毕），用过去分词

表未来详细某一次，用动词不定式；

I)ItremainswhetherJimwillbefitenough动名词作定语，表功能，如aswimmingpool,a

toplayinthefinals.swimmingfish,前者为动名词，后者为目前分词

A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.to

五.作状语

see

非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。

2)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodforthe

和句子主语构成积极关系时，用目前分词作状语,

oldcouple,butitremainswhetherthey

如：

willenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.

I)Thesecretaryworkedallnightlong,aA.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Having

longspeechforthepresident.slept

A.toprepareB.preparingC.prepared分析：例1.Prepare与work是同步的，又是积极,

D.waspreparing因此选B

例2和句子主语构成被动关系，因此选A

和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语,例3和句子主语构成积极，又有为了之意，因

如：此选A

2)tohospitalintime,thewoundedsoldiers

weresavedatlast.考点8.成果状语

A.TakenB.TakingC.Havingtaken目前分词作成果状语时，表达一种自然的成果

D.Beingtaken动词不定期作成果状语，表达一种出乎意料的

成果

表达“为了…”，常用不等式作状语，这时，状语1)TheSpaceShuttleColumbiabrokeintopieces

动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是overTexasasitreturnedtotheearthon

未来，例如：February1,,allsevenastronautsabroad.

3)___lateinthemorning,BobturnedofftheA.havingkilledB.killingC.beingkilled

alarm.

D.killedbytheirenthusiasticsupporters.

2)Iwenttoseehim,himout.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobe

A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.tocheeredD.werecheered

finding2)【重庆卷】29.MoreTVprograms,accordingto

3)[10江苏]28.Theretiredmandonatedmostofgovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced

hissavingstotheschooldamagedbythepeople'sconcernoverfoodsafety.

earthquakeinYushu,thestudentstoA.toraiseB.raisingC.tohave

returntotheirclassrooms,wraisedD.havingraised

A.enablingB.havingenabledC.to答LC2.A

案：

enableD.tohaveenabled

考点句式

1B2C3A10.Have…indoing

•••Havedifficulty/trouble/aproblem/agoodtime/a

badtimeindoingsomething中in可以省略，此

考点9.目的状语时・ing为目前分词，相称于时间状语

动词不定式常作目的状语1)YoucanneverimaginewhatdifficultyIhave

I)【浙江卷】19.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theyourhouse.

teamaregoingtotouraroundthecityA.foundB.findingC.tofind

D.forfinding1)Thetrafficproblemwearelookingforwardto

2)Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,heseeing_shouldhaveattractedthelocal

hadahardtimetheexam.governmentsattention.

A.passB.topassC.passedD.A.solvingB.solvedC.tosolveD.

passingsolve

3)【08四川卷“4】Wehadananxiouscoupleof2)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthatthey

weeksfortheresultsoftheexperiment.wouldliketoseethenextyean

A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedA.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedout

I),waitingI),tocarryout

答1.B2.D3.D

案：答1.B2.C

案：

六.作补语：考点12.和宾语构成积极关系时，用目前分词作

非谓语动词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的补语，

关系catchsomebodydoingsomething逮住某人做某事

考点11.和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作Leavesomebodydoingsomething

补语，Findsomebodydoingsomething

Keepsomebodydoingsomething

丙.Help背面宾补可以带to也可不带to

考点13.动词不定式作宾补(其后直按跟宾语时，带to不带to均可

甲.一感二听看有五，let,make,have背面宾补不Sheoftenhelpshermother(to)dohousework.

带toSheoftenhelps(to)dohousework.

即:feel,hear;listento,see,watch,observe,notice,

lookat;,后不带toT.作宾补时积极语态中不带t。的变为被动时要

不过感官动词后也可跟目前分词作宾语，表达看带to

到听届时动作正在进行；跟省略to的不定式作宾1)—WhydidyousellthisoldTVatsuchalow

补时，强调看到听到了整个过程或事实price?

例：Isawhimrunintothebuilding.（整个过程）-IdidonlybecauseIwasmadedoso.

justthen,Iheardsomeonecallingforhelp.A.doB.todoC.doingD.to

（正在进行）doing

2)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healways

乙.常用带to的不定式做宾补的动词workshard.

Want/wouldlike/ask/tell/getsomebodytodoA.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.

somethinglearning

3).Theareoplanewasnoticedatsix.D.explained

A.takeoffB.totakeoffC.getoff3)Whodidtheteacherhave__anarticleforthe

D.togetoffwallnewspaperjustnow?

答1.B2.B3.BA.writingB.writeC.towriteD.

案：

written

2.Have后宾补的几种状况

4)【08上海春卷'391lfwehaveillegalimmigrants

Havesomebodydosomething让某人做某事

in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheir

Havesomebodydoingsomething让某人一直做某

jobs

事

A.cameB.comingC.to

Havesomethingdone请他人做某事

comeD.havingcome

I)Whydoyouhavethewaterallthe

5)【陕西卷】14.Clairehadluggagean

time?

hourbeforeherplaneleft.

A.ranB.toberunningC.running

A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.

D.beingrunning

checked

2)Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.

You'vehaditoftenenough.答1.C2.D3.B4.B5.D

A.explainingB.toexplainC.explain案：

七.非谓语的完毕式leftD.tobeleft

动词不定式、目前分词均有完毕式。重要是把非谓语动作是issaid,是一般目前时，阐明目前状

谓语的动作和谓语的动作相比较，非谓语的动作况，非谓语动作是离开舞台；先离开后来人们才

发生在谓语动作的前面。与谓语动作是什么时态说。

无关。如：动名词的完毕式

Irememberhavinglentyou$100,butyouhaven't

动词不定式、目前分词的完毕式paiditback.

aletter,hedecidedtosentatelegram.谓语动作是remember,目前记得；而非谓语lent,

A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.Not应在remember动作之前。不过我们也可说I

havingreceivedD.Havingnotreceivedrememberlendingyou$100.动名词的完毕式在

谓语动作是decide,非谓语动作是decided;没有非正式文体中常用一般式替代。这是动名词的完

收到来信在先，然后才决定毕式不常考的原因。

…IsBobstillperforming?过去分词没有完毕式

---1amafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealready为何呢？看下例：thatitwasgoingtosnow,

ashehasbecomeanofficial.theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattempton

A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenthehighestmountain.

A.HavingtoldB.HavingbeentoldC.TellD.havinglost

D.Telling

答

非谓语和句子重要构成了被动，但B可以理解为LD2B

案：

目前分词完毕被动式

九.非谓语的被动式

1)Whoisthemannow?

八.非谓语的进行式

A.operatingonB.operatedonC.being

Whentheteacherentered,thepupilpretendedto

operatedonD.tobeoperatedon

bedoingtheexperiment.

2)Thebuildingwillbecompletedinamonth.

Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.

Itwillbeourlabbuilding.

1)MysonpretendedwhenIcameback.

A.topaintB.beingpaintedC.tohave

A.tosleepB.sleepingC.beingsleepingI),to

paintedI),painting

besleeping

3)Thequestionnowatthemeetingisnot

2)【上海卷】Todaywehavechatrooms,text

thequestionyesterday.

messaging,emailing...butweseemthe

A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;

artofcommunicatingface-to-face.

haddiscussed

A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelost

C.beingdiscussed;discussedD.

discussing;discussingl.Thechildrenallturned(look)at

4)twiceayear,whetheritisacara

thefamousactressassheenteredthe

busoratruck,st

obeyinthiscity.classroom.

A.BeingexaminedB.ExaminedC解析：当那女明星走进教室时，所有的孩

ExaminingD.Havingbeenexamined

5)Weasked___toworkinthecountryside.子都转身看她。用不定式表目的。

A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.

答案：tolook

sending

答1.C2.B3.C4.A'2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefrom

案：

freshfruit(grow)onhisownfarm.