2025年欧亚移动经济报告-GSMA

TheMobile

Economy

Eurasia2025

TheGSMAisaglobalorganisationunifyingthemobile

ecosystemtodiscover,developanddeliverinnovation

foundationaltopositivebusinessenvironmentsandsocietalchange.Ourvisionistounlockthefullpowerofconnectivitysothatpeople,industryandsocietythrive.Representing

mobileoperatorsandorganisationsacrossthemobile

ecosystemandadjacentindustries,theGSMAdeliversforitsmembersacrossthreebroadpillars:ConnectivityforGood,IndustryServicesandSolutions,andOutreach.Thisactivityincludesadvancingpolicy,tacklingtodaysbiggestsocietal

challenges,underpinningthetechnologyandinteroperabilitythatmakemobilework,andprovidingtheworldslargest

platformtoconvenethemobileecosystemattheMWCandM360seriesofevents.

Weinviteyoutofindoutmoreat

5与

Intelligence

GSMAIntelligenceisthedefinitivesourceofglobalmobile

operatordata,analysisandforecasts,andpublisherof

authoritativeindustryreportsandresearch.Ourdatacoverseveryoperatorgroup,networkandMVNOineverycountry

worldwidefromAfghanistantoZimbabwe.Itisthemost

accurateandcompletesetofindustrymetricsavailable,

comprisingtensofmillionsofindividualdatapoints,updateddaily.

GSMAIntelligenceisreliedonbyleadingoperators,vendors,regulators,financialinstitutionsandthird-partyindustry

players,tosupportstrategicdecision-makingandlong-

terminvestmentplanning.Thedataisusedasanindustryreferencepointandisfrequentlycitedbythemediaandbytheindustryitself.

Ourteamofanalystsandexpertsproduceregularthought-leadingresearchreportsacrossarangeofindustrytopics.

info@

Copyright©2025GSMA

Contents

Executivesummary2

1Themobileindustryinnumbers7

1.1Mobilemarketupdate8

1.2Economicimpactofmobile14

2Mobileindustrytrends18

2.15G:theindustryfocusshiftstorealising5G’sfullpotential19

2.2Energyefficiency:renewableenergyandgreaterefficiency21

transformingnetworkoperations

2.3AI:newopportunitiestoserveenterprises22

2.4Globaldigitaltransformationsurvey:understandingenterpriseneeds25

andsupplieropportunities

2.5Consumerinsights:evolvingservicesandariseindigitallyengaged28

consumers

3Mobileindustryimpact29

4Mobileindustryenablers32

Executivesummary

GovernmentsinEurasiaareincreasinglyusingmobileconnectivityasaplatformtotransformtheircountriesintomoderndigitaleconomies.Thisshiftisdriven

bytherecognitionthatrobustdigitalinfrastructure,

particularlymobilenetworks,improvespublic

servicesandunlockseconomicgrowth.Acrossthe

region,mobileconnectivityisenablingcitizensto

engagewithe-governmentsystemsandaccess

education,healthcareandemergencyservices,evenfromremoteandmountainousregions.Bytheendof2024,twothirdsofEurasia’spopulationusedmobileinternet,equatingto164millionusers.Progress

hasbeenmadeinextendingmobileconnectivityto

underservedareas,withthecoveragegapnarrowingconsiderablyinrecentyears.Theusagegapremainssignificant,althoughitvariesacrosstheregion,

rangingfromover50%inTajikistanandTurkmenistantolessthan25%inRussia.

In2024,mobiletechnologiesandservicesgenerated7.7%ofGDPacrossEurasia,acontributionthat

amountedto$220billionofeconomicvalue.By2030,thecontributionofmobiletechnologiestoeconomicoutputintheregionisexpectedtoriseto$270billion,equivalentto8.3%ofGDP.4GisthedominantmobiletechnologyinEurasia,accountingforaroundthree

quartersofmobileconnections,butthisisexpectedtopeakin2025beforegraduallydecliningoverthe

nextfewyearsas5Gdeploymentsbegintogather

speed.Todate,eightoperatorsfromfourcountriesinEurasiahavelaunchedcommercial5Gservices,whileanadditionalnineoperatorshaveannouncedplanstorollout5Ginthecomingyears.

Executivesummary2/35

Keytrendsshapingthemobileecosystem

Stillearlydaysfor5Gbutmomentumisbuilding

The5GlandscapeinEurasiapresentsamixed

picture.Althoughcommercial5Gserviceshave

beenavailableinTajikistanandUzbekistanforoverfouryears,thetechnologyisstillinpre-commercialstagesinseveralcountries,includingBelarus,

KyrgyzstanandRussia.Inthecountrieswhere5Gisavailable,theinitialemphasishasbeenonenhancingmobilebroadbandservices,especiallyinurban

areas,toincrease4Gcapacityindenselypopulatedlocations.However,thereisacasetoleverage5G

fixedwirelessaccess(FWA)tomeetthegrowingdemandforenhancedconnectivityinhomesandenterprisesacrossEurasia.

Energyefficiencybecomesatoppriority

InEurasia,fossilfuelshavehistoricallybeena

cheaperenergysourcetoprovideelectricityin

ruralareas.However,operatorsareincreasingly

aligningwithglobaltrendsbyadoptingthelatest

technologiestoenhanceenergyefficiency.Manyareintegratingrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpowertoreducedependencyontraditionalfossilfuels.Theseadvancementsnotonlyimprove

operationalsustainability,butalsoensuremore

reliabletelecomsservicesinremoteareasandhelpoperatorstoovercometheuseofdiesel.

AIopensupnewopportunitiestoserveenterprises

Thetelecomsindustryhasbeenattheforefront

ofAIadoption,withapplicationinareassuchas

networkoperations,energyoptimisation,customercallcentresforautomaticlanguagerecognitionandretailoperations.Whileearlydeploymentshave

focusedoninternalsolutionstoimprovenetworkperformanceandcustomerservices,thereisa

growingshifttowardsdevelopingAIsolutionsforexternalcustomers,particularlyintheenterprisesegment,asameansofgeneratingnewrevenueopportunities.

Servicesmatchingtheneedsofdigitallyengagedconsumers

MarketsinEurasiaaretransformingduetodigitaladvancements,increasedconnectivityand

risingsmartphoneadoption.Consumers,from

urbanyouthtoruralfirst-timeinternetusers,are

reshapinghowservicesareaccessed,contentis

consumedandfinancialtransactionsareconducted.Mobileoperatorsarekeyenablers,drivingdigital

engagementthroughentertainment,paymentsand

serviceaccess.Evolvingconsumerbehaviouris

pushinginnovation,particularlyacrossgaming,videoandstreamingplatforms,withtrendssuchascloud

gaming,localisedcontentandAI-drivensuper-

appsemerging.Asexpectationsrise,operators

areadaptingbyenhancingconnectivity,bundlingservicesandexpandingdigitalplatformstoofferseamlessandintegratedexperiences.

Executivesummary3/35

Policiesforgrowthandinnovation

ContinuedgrowthandinnovationacrosstheEurasiaregionwilldependonclarityonspectrumavailabilityintheshortandlongterms,withroadmapsforlow-,mid-andhigh-bandspectrum.Licensingregimescancreateapositivepolicyenvironmenttoencourage

networkdevelopmentandquality.Regulatory

certaintysupportsrobustlong-terminvestment,andmobilehasthebestchancetosupporteconomic

growthiflicencesareassignedandrenewedinawaythatfostersgrowth.

Meanwhile,theITU’sWorldRadiocommunication

Conference2023(WRC-23)openedthedoorsto

aneweraofconnectivityandlaidthespectrum

foundationsformobiletoprogressinto5G-Advancedand6G.Importantly,WRC-23identified6GHz

(6.425–7.125GHz)formobileusebycountriesin

Europe,theMiddleEast,Africa,CIS,theAmericas

andAsiaPacific,andconditionsforitsusehave

beenagreedintheITU’sRadioRegulations.6GHz

spectrumwillformacriticalpartofsustainable

communicationsdevelopment.Theenhanced

mobileconnectivityenabledbythebandinwide-

area,macro-cellnetworkswilllaythefoundations

forinclusiveandtechnology-drivenprogressin

Eurasiaandformavitalelementoftheregion’sdigitalambitions.

Executivesummary4/35

TheMobileEconomyEurasia2025

UniquemobiIesubscribers

2024

194m

79%penetrationrate*

2030

208m

83%penetrationrate*

*Percentageofpopulation

Smartphones

(percentageofconnections)

93%

86%

2024

2030

ExcludinglicensedcellularIoT

4G(percentageofconnections)

53%

74%

2024

2030

ExcludinglicensedcellularIoT

5G(percentageofconnections)

41%

1%

2024

2030

ExcludinglicensedcellularIoT

2024

2030

2024

2030

2024

2030

2024

2024

MobiIeinternetusers

164m

67%penetrationrate*

182m

73%penetrationrate*

*Percentageofpopulation

Operatorrevenuesandinvestment

$20bn

$23bn

Operatorcapexof$31billionfortheperiod2024-2030

MobiIe’scontributiontoGDP

$220bn

7.7%ofGDP

$270bn

8.3%ofGDP

PubIicfunding

$12bn

Mobileecosystemcontributiontopublicfunding(beforeregulatoryandspectrumfees)

EmpIoyment

jobsdirectlysupported

bythemobileecosystem

420k

200kjobsindirectlysupported

Kazakhstan

Technologymix*

1%5%2%

10%

25%42%

20242030

47%

69%

2G●3G4G5G

Uzbekistan

Subscriberpenetration

2024

73%

2030

79%

Smartphoneadoption

2024

85%

2030

94%

cnoix*642%484945

Subscriberpenetration2024

69%

2030

78%

Smartphoneadoption2024

93%

89%

2030

Belarus

Technologymix*

2%5%

58%

19%

2024

39%

73%

2G●3G4G5G

3%

2030

Subscriberandtechnologytrendsforkeymarkets

Subscriberpenetration

2024

79%

2030

86%

Smartphoneadoption

2024

89%

2030

93%

Russia

Tnoix*514424425057%

Subscriberpenetration2024

85%

2030

88%

Smartphoneadoption2024

93%

85%

2030

*Percentageoftotalconnections(excludinglicensedcellularIoT)Note:Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.

Executivesummary6/35

01

Themobileindustryinnumbers

1.1

Mobilemarketupdate

Morethan180million

peoplewillsubscribetomobileinternetservicesinEurasiaby2030

Bytheendof2024,twothirdsofEurasia’spopulationusedmobileinternet,equatingto164millionusers

–anincreaseof40millionsince2015.Ofthe80

millionpeoplewhoremainunconnectedtomobile

internet,closeto90%liveinanareaalreadycoveredbymobilebroadbandbutdonotusemobileinternet.

Thisusagegapvariesconsiderablyacrosstheregion,rangingfromover50%inTajikistanandTurkmenistantolessthan25%inRussia.

Nearly20millionnewmobileinternetuserswill

beaddedbetween2024and2030,drivingmobileinternetadoptionto73%.Inthesameperiod,the

percentageofthepopulationsubscribingtomobileserviceswillincreasefrom79%to83%,highlightingthenarrowinggapbetweenmobileandmobile

internetadoption.

Figure1

Eurasia:mobileinternetconnectivity

Percentageofpopulation

0%

1%

0%

4%

5%

2%

10%

10%

4%

36%

39%

39%

37%

33%

24%

54%

41%

44%

64%

60%

61%

59%

62%

74%

36%

49%

52%

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Russia

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Connected:

Thosewhousemobileinternet.

Note:Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Usagegap:

Thosewholivewithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkbutdo

notusemobileinternetservices.

Coveragegap:

Thosewholiveinanareanotcoveredbyamobilebroadbandnetwork.

Themobileindustryinnumbers8/35

4Gadoptionto

declineas5G

adoptionrampsup

4GisthedominantmobiletechnologyinEurasia,

accountingforaroundthreequartersofmobile

connections.However,4Gadoptionisexpectedto

peakin2025beforegraduallydecliningoverthenextfewyearsas5Gdeploymentsbegintogatherspeed.

2Gand3G’sshareofmobileconnectionswillalsoerodeduringtheforecastperiod,droppingfromacombined25%in2024to7%in2030.Astheend

ofthedecadeapproaches,operatorswillstepupplanstoretirelegacynetworks,enablingthemtorepurposespectrumformoreefficient4Gand5Gnetworks.KazakhstanandRussiaarecurrentlytheonlycountriesintheregionwhereoperatorshaveannounced3Gsunsetplans.

Figure2

Eurasia:mobileadoptionbytechnology

Percentageoftotalconnections

5G

4G

3G

2G

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2024202520262027202820292030

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Themobileindustryinnumbers9/35

Therewillbe140million5Gconnectionsin

Eurasiaby2030

EightoperatorsfromfourcountriesinEurasia

(Armenia,Kazakhstan,TajikistanandUzbekistan)

havelaunchedcommercial5Gservices,whilean

additionalnineoperatorshaveannouncedplansto

rollout5Ginthecomingyears.Alloperatorsare

usinganon-standalone(NSA)architecturetodeploy5Gservices,leveragingthe4Gcorenetworkto

deploy5Gservicesmorequicklyandcosteffectively.

5GadoptioninEurasiaremainsniche,accounting

for1%ofconnectionsattheendof2024.Thearrivalofmoreaffordable5Gdevicesalongsidenew5G

deploymentsisexpectedtopropel5Gadoptionin

thesecondhalfofthe2020s.5Gwillaccountfor

over40%ofmobileconnectionsbytheendof2030,puttingEurasiainthemiddleofthepackamong

emerging5Gmarkets.

Figure3

5Gadoption

2025-2030increase2024

Percentageoftotalconnections

95%

93%

Leading5Gmarkets

GCCstates

89%

DevelopedAsiaPacific*

88%

NorthAmerica

81%

GreaterChina

Europe

5Gconnections

(2030)

98m

302m

459m

1.81bn

651m

Emerging5Gmarkets

LatinAmerica

RestofAsiaPacific

RestofMENA

Eurasia

Sub-SaharanAfrica

53%

45%

43%

41%

17%

417m

1.25bn

331m

143m

247m

*Australia,Japan,NewZealand,SingaporeandSouthKoreaSource:GSMAIntelligence

Themobileindustryinnumbers10/35

MobiledatatrafficinEurasiawillmorethandoubleintheperiod

to2030

AveragedatatrafficpermobileconnectionpermonthinEurasiareached15GBin2024,upfrom4GBin

2019,representingaCAGRof30%.Althoughdata

growthratesareexpectedtoslow,mobiledatatrafficwillcontinuetogrowby15–20%peryearthroughto

theendofthedecade,reachingnearly40GBpermobileconnectiononaverageby2030.

Growthinmobiledataconsumptionwillbe

underpinnedbythegrowingdemandforlocalised

contentandservices,includingvideo,gaming

andsocialmediaapplications.Thisopensupnew

opportunitiesforoperatorstodiversifytheirrevenuestreams.Veonisoneoperatorleadingthewayin

thisarea.Theoperatorrecentlyreportedthatmorethan80%ofitstelecomscustomerspurchasedigitalservicesfromit,withtheoperator’sdigitalservicesrevenuegrowingabove60%yearonyear.1

Figure4Annualgrowth

Eurasia:mobiledatatrafficperconnectionMobiledatatrafficperconnection

GBpermonth

22%

20%

18%17%

16%

15%

15%

39

34

30

25

22

18

15

2024202520262027202820292030

Source:GSMAIntelligence

1.“Veonbossinsistsdigitalservicesarethetelcofuture”,MobileWorldLive,March2025

Themobileindustryinnumbers11/35

Mobilerevenuesin

Eurasiatosurpass

$23billionbytheendofthedecade

AnnualmobilerevenuegrowthinEurasiaisprojectedtobebetween2%and5%throughtotheendofthedecade.Uzbekistanisexpectedtoexperiencethe

fastestrevenuegrowthinEurasiaduringthisperiod.Forexample,BeelineUzbekistanispredictinga2.5×increaseintotalrevenuesbetween2023and2027,drivenbyanincreaseindataanddigitalservices

revenue.

Onthecostside,operatorswillinvestsubstantially

indeployingnetworkinfrastructure.Between2024

and2030,operatorsinEurasiaareforecastto

invest$31billioninmobilecapex.Themajorityof

networkspendingwillbeonthedeploymentof5G

infrastructure.Operatorswillalsocontinuetospendonnetworkcoverageexpansioninruralareas,thoughnewnetwork-sharingagreementsshouldhelpto

reducethesecosts.2

Figure5

Eurasia:mobilerevenueandannualgrowth

Annualgrowth

Mobilerevenue

Billion

5%

3%

3%

3%

2%

2%

2%

$20.4$20.9$21.3$21.6$22.1$22.7$23.2

2024202520262027202820292030

Source:GSMAIntelligence

2.Forexample,see“MTS,A1BelarusexpandRANsharing”,Telecompaper,December2024

Themobileindustryinnumbers12/35

GSMAOpenGatewaycontinuestobuild

momentum

Pressureonconnectivityrevenuesisdrivingefforts

innewareas.OnesuchexampleistheGSMAOpen

Gateway,whichaimstoleveragethepowerofmobilenetworksgloballybyopeningupaccesstonetwork

capabilitiesthroughcommonAPIs.AsofMarch2025,72mobileoperatorshadcommittedtoOpenGatewayAPIs.Theseaccountforalmost80%ofmobilemarketsharebyconnections,upfromjustover65%inJune2024.

Thefocusin2025willbeontranslatingthese

commitmentsintofurthercommerciallaunches.

Veon’sGeolocationGatewayisanearlyexampleofasolutionthatbuildsontheGSMAOpenGatewayframework,leveragingtheDeviceLocationAPI.

TheGeolocationGatewayallowsapplicationsto

determinethelocationofdevices,whichenablesa

widerangeofusecases,includingproximity-basedcommercialservices(e.g.location-basedmarketing),fraudreductionandlocation-basedemergency

response.

Figure6Mobilemarketshare(global)

ParticipationintheGSMAOpenGatewayinitativeNumberofoperators

bynumberofoperatorsandmobilemarketshare

76%

68%

64%

58%

67

52

39

30

June2023December2023June2024December2024

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Themobileindustryinnumbers13/35

1.2

Economicimpactofmobile

Mobileadded

$220billiontotheEurasianeconomyin2024

In2024,mobiletechnologiesandservicesgenerated7.7%ofGDPacrossEurasia,acontributionthat

amountedto$220billionofeconomicvalueadded.3Thegreatestbenefitscamefromtheproductivity

effectsreaching$190billion,followedbythedirectcontribution,whichgenerated$30billion.

Theimpactsofmobiletechnologiesinclude

connectivityanddigitaltransformation.Theformerreferstotheuseofmobiletechnologies.The

latterinvolvestheintegrationofadvancedmobiletechnologiessuchas5G,IoTandAIbyenterprises.

Themobileecosystemisformedofthreecategories:mobileoperators;infrastructureandequipment;

andcontentandservices.Theinfrastructure

andequipmentcategoryencompassesnetwork

equipmentproviders,devicemanufacturersandIoTcompanies.Meanwhile,thecontentandservices

categoryencompassescontent,mobileapplicationandserviceproviders,distributorsandretailers,andmobilecloudservices.

Figure7

Eurasia:economiccontributionofmobile,2024

Billion,percentageofGDP

$220

Mobileecosystem

6.5%

7.7%

$10$15

0.3%

0.5%

Mobileoperators

Note:Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Infrastructure

andequipment

providers

IndirectProductivityTotal

Contentandservices

$5

0.2%

$5

0.2%

$190

3.TheMobileEconomyEurasia2024reportforecastthatmobileservicesandtechnologieswouldcontribute$220billionby2030.Inthisyear’sreport,theeconomicimpactmodelincludesthebenefitsoftheenterprisedigitaltransformationdrivenbytheadoptionofadvanceddigitaltechnologies.

Themobileindustryinnumbers14/35

Mobile’seconomic

contributioninEurasiawillreach$270billionby2030

By2030,mobile’scontributioninEurasiaisexpectedtoreachapproximately$270billion,or8.3%ofGDP,

drivenbytheimprovementsinproductivityand

efficiencybroughtaboutbythecontinuedexpansionofmobileservicesandthegrowingadoptionofdigitaltechnologies,including5G,IoTandAI.

Figure8

Eurasia:economicimpactofmobile

Billion,percentageofGDP

$270

$260

$250

$240

$230

$220

8.3%

7.7%

2024202520262027202820292030

Source:GSMAIntelligence

$250

Themobileindustryinnumbers15/35

ThemobileecosysteminEurasiasupported

620,000jobsin2024

Mobileoperatorsandthewidermobileecosystemprovideddirectemploymenttoapproximately

420,000peopleinEurasiain2024.Inaddition,

economicactivityintheecosystemgeneratedaround200,000jobsinothersectors,meaningthataround

620,000jobsweredirectlyorindirectlysupported.

Figure9

Eurasia:employmentimpactofthemobileecosystem,2024

Jobs(thousand)

200

620

420

Indirect

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Direct

Total

Thefiscalcontribution

ofthemobileecosysteminEurasiareached

$12billionin2024

In2024,themobilesectorinEurasiamadea

substantialcontributiontothefundingofthepublicsector,witharound$12billionraisedthroughtaxes.AlargecontributionwasdrivenbyservicesVAT,

salestaxesandexcisedutiesgenerating$5billion,followedbyemploymenttaxesandsocialsecurityat$4billion.

Figure10

Eurasia:fiscalcontributionofthemobileecosystem,2024

Billion

$4

$1

$2

$5

HandsetVAT,

salestaxes,

exciseand

customsduties

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Employment

taxesandsocial

security

ServicesVAT,

salestaxesand

exciseduties

Corporatetaxesonprofits

Total

$12

Themobileindustryinnumbers16/35

5GanditsecosystemwillsignificantlyboostGDPinEurasiabytheendofthedecade

Mobiletechnologiesandtheensuingdigital

transformationareexpectedtobenefittheEurasian

economybyaround$270billionin2030.Muchofthiswillmaterialisebetween2024and2030,fuelledby

therapidadoptionofadvancedmobiletechnologies.

Mobiletechnologiesareexpectedtobenefitall

sectorsoftheEurasianeconomy,thoughsome

industrieswillbenefitmorethanothersdueto

theirabilitytoincorporatethelatestwaveofdigitaltechnologies,including5G,IoTandAI.These

gainswillstemfromnewrevenuestreamsand

improvementsinproductivityandefficiencyenabledbythegrowingadoptionofdigitaltechnologies.

Between2024and2030,26%ofthebenefitsare

expectedtooriginatefromthemanufacturingsector.

Figure11

Eurasia:mobiletechnologies'contributiontoGDPbyindustry

Billion

InformationandcommunicationPublicadministration

FinanceConstructionandrealestate

AgricultureAccommodationandfoodservices

ServicesManufacturing

$300

$250

$200

$150

$100

$50

$0

3%

4%

6%

7%

13%

18%

23%

26%

2024202520262027202820292030

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Themobileindustryinnumbers17/35

02

Mobileindustrytrends

2.1

5G:theindustryfocusshiftstorealising5G’sfullpotential

5Gisnowinitssixthyearsincelaunchand

commerciallyavailableinmorethan120countries,underliningthetechnology’sgrowingmaturity

andreach.Bytheendof2025,5Gconnections

willaccountfornearlyathirdofglobalmobile

connections.Forcomparison,3Gand4Gaccountedfor10%and15%oftotalconnections,respectively,atthesamepointintheirdeploymentcycles.Therapiduptakeof5Ghasbeendrivenbyacombinationof

factors,includingtheavailabilityofmoreaffordabledevices(especiallyinlower-incomemarkets),

increaseddemandfromconsumersandbusinessesseekingfasterspeeds,andoperatorinvestmentinspectrumandinfrastructureupgrades.

The5GlandscapeinEurasiapresentsamixedpicture.Althoughcommercial5GserviceshavebeenavailableinTajikistanandUzbekistanfor

overfouryears,thetechnologyisstillinpre-

commercialstagesinseveralcountries,including

Belarus,KyrgyzstanandRussia.Theslowpaceof5Gdevelopmentinthesemarketsreflectstheimpact

ofvariousfactors,someofwhichrequireurgent

attentiontoaccelerateprogress.Onenotablefactorisspectrumavailabilityandallocation,particularlyinthemid-band(3.4–3.8GHz),whichhasbeencrucialto5Gdeploymentsaroundtheworld.Inseveral

countriesintheregion,spectruminthisbandisnotfullyavailableorhasnotbeenallocatedtooperators,therebydelayingfulldeploymentandforcing

operatorstotestalternativefrequencies.

Thedeploymentof5G

acrossEurasiawillfollowaphasedapproach,supportedbysufficientdemandto

justifythebusinesscase,

enablingregulationsandtheavailabilityof5G-enabled

devicesatpricepointsthatencouragemassadoption

Inthefourcountrieswhere5Gisavailable(Armenia,Kazakhstan,TajikistanandUzbekistan),theinitial

emphasishasbeenonenhancingmobilebroadbandservices,especiallyinurbanareas,toincrease4G

capacityindenselypopulatedlocations.However,bytheendof2025,5Gcoverageisexpectedto

expandtootherareas,asunderscoredbyrecentdevelopments:

•InDecember2024,Armenia’sPublicServices

RegulatoryCommission(PSRC)saiditexpects

the5Gnetworkwillcoveratleast60%ofurban

highwaysand10%ofinterstatehighwaysacross

thecountry.AndinNovember,Ucomannounced

thecompletionofthefirstphaseo