2025年考研英语一阅读理解专项训练冲刺试卷（含答案）

2025年考研英语一阅读理解专项训练冲刺试卷（含答案）考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseoftheso-calledgigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasbeenoneofthemostsignificantlabormarkettrendsinrecentyears.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithclients,industriesrangingfromtransportationtocreativeserviceshaveseenasurgeingigworkers.Whileproponentsarguethatgigworkoffersflexibilityandautonomy,criticsraiseconcernsaboutjobsecurity,benefits,andthepotentialerosionoftraditionallabornorms.Proponentsofthegigeconomyoftenhighlightitsadvantagesforbothworkersandtheeconomy.Forworkers,gigjobsprovidethefreedomtochoosetheirhours,projects,andsometimeseventheirlocation.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtoindividualswhovaluework-lifebalanceorwhoareseekingadditionalincomestreams.Fromaneconomicperspective,gigworkisseenasacatalystforinnovationandefficiency,asitallowsbusinessestoscaletheirworkforceupordownbasedondemandwithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithtraditionalemployment.Moreover,thegigeconomyhasopenedupopportunitiesforpeoplewhomightotherwisebeunabletofindtraditionaljobs,suchasthosewithdisabilitiesorthosere-enteringtheworkforceafterabreak.However,criticsofthegigeconomypointtoseveralpotentialdownsides.Onemajorconcernisthelackofjobsecuritythatcomeswithgigwork.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkersdonothavetheguaranteeofasteadyincomeortheprotectionofbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidtimeoff.Thiscanleavegigworkersvulnerabletoeconomicfluctuationsandpersonalemergencies.Additionally,thegigeconomyhasbeencriticizedforpotentiallyunderminingtraditionallabornorms,suchastherighttounionizeandtheprincipleofequalpay.Somearguethattheindependentcontractorstatusassignedtogigworkersisoftenusedbycompaniestoavoidlegalobligationsandtoexploitaworkforcethatlacksthecollectivebargainingpowerofatraditionallaborforce.Thefutureofthegigeconomyremainsuncertain,butitisclearthatthistrendwillcontinuetoshapethelabormarketinsignificantways.Astechnologyadvancesandthenatureofworkevolves,itwillbecrucialforpolicymakerstofindwaystomitigatethepotentialnegativeconsequencesofthegigeconomywhilepreservingitsbenefits.Thismightinvolvecreatingnewregulatoryframeworksthatprotectgigworkerswithoutstiflinginnovation,orexploringwaystointegrategigworkintothebroaderlabormarketinawaythatprovidesgreatersecurityandbenefits.Questions:1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthegigeconomymentionedinthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whataretheprimaryadvantagesofgigworkforindividuals?3.Whataresomeoftheconcernsraisedbycriticsregardingthelackofjobsecurityforgigworkers?4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasapotentialsolutionforthechallengesassociatedwiththegigeconomy?PassageTwoInrecentdecades,thefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)haswitnessedexponentialgrowth,transformingvarioussectorsandpromisingtorevolutionizethefutureofwork.WhileAIoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasincreasedefficiencyandtheabilitytohandlecomplextasks,italsoraisesprofoundethicalquestionsthatsocietymustaddress.OneofthemostsignificantethicalconcernssurroundingAIisthepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkers.AsAIsystemsbecomemoreadvanced,theyarecapableofperformingawiderrangeoftaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.Thiscouldleadtojoblossesincertainindustries,particularlythoseinvolvingrepetitiveorroutinetasks.WhileAImaycreatenewjobopportunitiesinfieldslikeAIdevelopmentandmaintenance,thetransitioncouldbedifficultforworkerswhosejobsareautomated,potentiallyleadingtoeconomichardshipandsocialinequality.AnotherethicalissueisthebiasthatcanbeembeddedinAIalgorithms.AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases,theAIwillperpetuateandevenamplifythem.Forexample,ifanAIsystemusedforhiringistrainedonbiaseddata,itmayunfairlydiscriminateagainstcertaindemographicgroups.Thisraisesconcernsaboutfairnessandequity,aswellasthepotentialforAItoexacerbateexistingsocialproblems.PrivacyisyetanotherethicalchallengeposedbyAI.AIsystemsoftenrequirelargeamountsofpersonaldatatofunctioneffectively,raisingconcernsabouthowthisdataiscollected,stored,andused.Thereisariskthatpersonalinformationcouldbemisusedorexposedtosecuritybreaches,leadingtoprivacyviolationsandpotentialharmtoindividuals.EnsuringtheresponsibleuseofpersonaldataandprotectingprivacyintheageofAIwillbecrucial.Addressingtheseethicalchallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproachinvolvingresearchers,policymakers,andthepublic.ItisessentialtodevelopAIsystemsthataretransparent,accountable,andfair.ThismayinvolvecreatingnewregulationsandguidelinestogovernthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAI,aswellasfosteringpublicdiscourseandeducationabouttheethicalimplicationsofAI.Byworkingtogether,societycanharnessthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitspotentialharms.Questions:5.WhatisoneofthemajorethicalconcernsraisedbytheadvancementofAI?6.HowcanbiasbeembeddedinAIalgorithms,andwhatarethepotentialconsequences?7.WhataresomeoftheprivacyconcernsassociatedwithAIsystems?8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisnecessarytoaddresstheethicalchallengesposedbyAI?PassageThreeTheconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,asawarenessofenvironmentaldegradationandtheneedforlong-termenvironmentalstewardshiphasgrown.Sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisconceptencompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions,recognizingthatthesethreeareasareinterconnectedandmustbeconsideredtogether.Theenvironmentaldimensionofsustainabilityfocusesonprotectingthenaturalworldandconservingresources.Thisincludesreducingpollution,mitigatingclimatechange,protectingbiodiversity,andpromotingtheresponsibleuseofnaturalresources.EnvironmentalsustainabilityiscrucialforensuringthattheEarth'secosystemsremainhealthyandproductiveforfuturegenerations.Thesocialdimensionofsustainabilityrelatestosocialequity,humanrights,andcommunitywell-being.Thisincludespromotingaccesstobasicneedssuchasfood,water,andshelter,aswellasensuringeducation,healthcare,andsocialsafetynets.Socialsustainabilityisessentialforcreatingajustandequitablesocietywhereallindividualshavetheopportunitytothrive.Theeconomicdimensionofsustainabilityinvolvespromotingeconomicdevelopmentthatisenvironmentallyandsociallyresponsible.Thisincludesinvestinginrenewableenergy,developingsustainableagriculturepractices,andcreatinggreenjobs.Economicsustainabilityiscrucialforensuringthateconomicgrowthdoesnotcomeattheexpenseoftheenvironmentorsocialwell-being.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresacollectiveeffortfromindividuals,communities,businesses,andgovernments.Itinvolvesmakingconsciouschoicestolivemoresustainably,supportingsustainablepractices,andadvocatingforpoliciesthatpromotesustainability.Byembracingtheprinciplesofsustainability,wecancreateabetterfutureforourselvesandforgenerationstocome.Questions:9.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassage?10.Whataresomeexamplesofenvironmentalsustainabilitypractices?11.Howdoesthepassagedefinesocialsustainability?12.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessaryforachievingsustainability?PassageFourIntheageofdigitalcommunication,socialmediahasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.Whilesocialmediaplatformsoffernumerousbenefits,suchastheabilitytoconnectwithothers,shareinformation,andmobilizeforsocialcauses,theyalsoposesignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesposedbysocialmediaisthespreadofmisinformationandfakenews.Socialmediaplatformsaredesignedtomaximizeuserengagement,whichcansometimesleadtotheprioritizationofsensationalorclickbaitcontentoverfactualinformation.Thiscreatesanenvironmentwheremisinformationcanspreadrapidly,potentiallyinfluencingpublicopinionandevenshapingpoliticaloutcomes.Thechallengeofcombatingmisinformationrequirescriticalthinkingskillsfromusers,aswellaseffortsfromplatformdeveloperstocreatealgorithmsthatpromoteaccuracyandtransparency.Anotherchallengeisthepotentialforsocialmediatocontributetomentalhealthissues.Theconstantcomparisontoothersthatsocialmediafacilitatescanleadtofeelingsofinadequacy,anxiety,anddepression.Additionally,thepressuretopresentaperfectimageonlinecanbeoverwhelming,leadingtonegativeself-esteemandbodyimageissues.Thechallengeofmitigatingthenegativementalhealthimpactsofsocialmediarequiresacombinationofindividualcopingstrategiesandeffortstopromoteamorepositiveandsupportiveonlineenvironment.Socialmediaalsoraisesconcernsaboutprivacyanddatasecurity.Socialmediaplatformscollectvastamountsofpersonaldatafromusers,whichcanbevulnerabletohackingandmisuse.Thereisariskthatpersonalinformationcouldbeusedformaliciouspurposes,leadingtoidentitytheft,stalking,orotherformsofharassment.Protectinguserprivacyandensuringthesecurityofpersonaldataonsocialmediaplatformswillbecrucialinthefuture.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresacollaborativeeffortfromusers,platformdevelopers,andpolicymakers.Usersneedtodevelopcriticalthinkingskillsandbemindfuloftheinformationtheyconsumeandshare.Platformdevelopersneedtocreatemoretransparentandresponsiblealgorithmsthatprioritizeaccuracyanduserwell-being.Policymakersneedtoimplementregulationsthatprotectuserprivacyandpromoteahealthyonlineenvironment.Byworkingtogether,societycanharnessthebenefitsofsocialmediawhilemitigatingitspotentialharms.Questions:13.Whatisoneofthemajorchallengesposedbysocialmedia?14.Howcansocialmediacontributetomentalhealthissues?15.Whataresomeoftheprivacyconcernsassociatedwithsocialmediaplatforms?16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisnecessarytoaddressthechallengesposedbysocialmedia?试卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.C解析：文章第一段明确指出，“Theriseoftheso-calledgigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasbeenoneofthemostsignificantlabormarkettrendsinrecentyears.”这说明零工经济的核心特征是非永久性的工作，如短期合同或自由职业。2.A解析：文章第二段主要论述了零工经济的优势，其中提到，“Forworkers,gigjobsprovidethefreedomtochoosetheirhours,projects,andsometimeseventheirlocation.”这强调了零工工作为个人提供的灵活性。3.B解析：文章第三段讨论了批评者对零工经济缺乏工作保障的担忧，其中提到，“Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkersdonothavetheguaranteeofasteadyincomeortheprotectionofbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidtimeoff.”这指出了缺乏稳定收入和福利保障的问题。4.D解析：文章最后一段提出了应对挑战的建议，“Astechnologyadvancesandthenatureofworkevolves,itwillbecrucialforpolicymakerstofindwaystomitigatethepotentialnegativeconsequencesofthegigeconomywhilepreservingitsbenefits.”这暗示了需要制定新的监管框架来平衡创新和保障。PassageTwo5.B解析：文章第一段明确提出了关于人工智能的一个主要伦理问题，“OneofthemostsignificantethicalconcernssurroundingAIisthepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkers.”这指的是人工智能可能取代人类工作岗位的问题。6.C解析：文章第二段解释了人工智能算法中如何嵌入偏见，“AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases,theAIwillperpetuateandevenamplifythem.”这说明如果训练数据存在偏见，人工智能算法会延续并放大这些偏见。7.A解析：文章第三段讨论了与人工智能系统相关的隐私问题，“AIsystemsoftenrequirelargeamountsofpersonaldatatofunctioneffectively,raisingconcernsabouthowthisdataiscollected,stored,andused.”这指出了个人数据收集、存储和使用方面的隐私担忧。8.E解析：文章最后一段指出，解决人工智能的伦理挑战需要多方面努力，“ItisessentialtodevelopAIsystemsthataretransparent,accountable,andfair.ThismayinvolvecreatingnewregulationsandguidelinestogovernthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAI,aswellasfosteringpublicdiscourseandeducationabouttheethicalimplicationsofAI.”这强调了制定新法规、促进公开讨论和教育的重要性。