高考英语一轮复习 板块2 专题语法 2词法篇 第1讲 攻克多变的重要词-动词 第2节 情态动词和虚拟语气

第二节情态动词和虚拟语气第一讲1.常见情态动词的用法考点精析考点1情态动词(1)can/could①表示能力Howevergreatthedifficultiesmaybe,wecanovercomethem.哪怕是再大的困难我们也能克服。②表示请求与许可Could/CanIborrowyourreferencebooks?我可以借用你的参考书吗？③表示可能性(常指理论上或习惯上的可能性)Petercanbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughheisanicepersoningeneral.总体而言，彼得是一个很好的人，但是有时他也很难相处。④表示推测(只用于疑问句和否定句中)—Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?——有人在敲门，会是谁呢？—Itcan’tbeJim.Heisstillatschool.——一定不是吉姆，他还在上课呢。(2)may/might①表示许可或征询对方的许可Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。②表示可能性，有“或许、可能”的意思，多用于肯定句中，语气较弱。Theymightbehavingameeting,butI’mnotsure.他们有可能正在开会，不过我不肯定。③表示祝愿，用于祈使句中；常用“May＋主语＋动词原形”。Mayyousucceed！祝你成功！④对含有may的一般疑问句的否定回答形式是：No,youmustn’t./No,youmaynot./No,youcan’t./No,you’dbetternot.⑤may/mightaswell这种结构表示有礼貌的劝告，常译为“还是……为好”。Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.

没什么事情可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。(3)must①表示“必须，应该”Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们必须逐步做每件事。②表示推测，意为“一定，必定”，只用于肯定句中，语气较强。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他一定是病了。他的脸色很苍白。③表示“非要，偏偏”Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,please.如果你一定要吸烟，请到外面去吸。④mustn’t表示“禁止”Smokingmustn’tbeallowedintheoffice.办公室里不许吸烟。⑤对含有must的一般疑问句的否定回答形式是：No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.—Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?——我们现在必须要交练习本吗？—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.——不，你们不必。(4)shall①用于第一、第三人称疑问句，

表示征询对方意见或请求指示。ShallIopenthewindow?我能打开窗户吗？②用于第二、第三人称陈述句，表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心等。Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。③用于法律、协定、条约等文件中。Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.根据双方的协定，利息应分为五部分。(5)should/oughtto①意为“应该，应当”(表义务、责任)。Youshould/oughttobepolitetoyourteachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。②意为“按理说，按理应该”(表逻辑推测)。Shepromisedtocomeby10o’clock.Sheshould/oughttobehereatanymoment.她答应10点之前来，她随时都可能来到这儿。③should还可表示“竟然”(含惊讶意味)。It’ssurprisingthatMaryshouldlovesuchapersonasJack.玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人，真是让人惊讶。(6)will/would①表示意志、意愿、决心等Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’lllendittoyou.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。②表示请求、建议等Willyouclosethewindow?It’sabitcold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。③表示规律性或倾向性Thedoorwouldn’topen,nomatterhowhardGrannypushed.无论奶奶怎么使劲推门，门都不开。Fishwilldieoutofwater.鱼离开水就会死。④would常指过去的习惯、习性或倾向等。Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.她每次遇到麻烦都会向他求助。(7)dare/need①need表示“需要”；needn’t表示“不必”。—Needhecomenow?——他现在需要来吗？—Yes,hemust./No,heneedn’t./No,hedoesn’thaveto.——是的，他必须来。/不，他不必来。/不，他不必来。②dare既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句中。Thegirldidn’tdare(to)gohome.这个女孩不敢回家。Doyoudaretojumpintotheocean?你敢跳进海里吗？Theydaren’taskforanymoremoney.他们不敢再要钱了。2.“情态动词＋havedone”

的6种用法Sorry，I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Look!Therearesomanymistakesinyourcomposition.Youshouldhavefixedfullattentiononit.看！你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。1.can与beableto表示“经过努力设法做成某事”时不用can，应用beableto。can表示“能力”时，侧重于因有某种知识和技能而能办到某事。【典例】用could或wasableto填空Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly，buteveryone____________getout.疑难突破解析

由句意可知，此处应该是所有人经过努力最后出去了，所以应该用wasableto。答案wasableto2.can’t与maynot表示推测can’t表示“不可能”，maynot表示“可能不，或许不”。很明显，can’t比maynot语气强。【典例】

It________bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clocknow.答案can’t解析can’t不可能，在此表示有把握的否定推测，符合句意。3.can’t，mustn’t，needn’tcan’t指“无能力”；mustn’t指“不允许，一定不要”；needn’t指“不必”。【典例】用can’t，mustn’t或needn’t填空①Thereisameetinginside.You__________makeanynoise.答案mustn’t解析句意：里面在开会，你不许制造任何噪音。故应填mustn’t。②Heissoyoungthathe___________makealiving.解析句意：他太小了不能维持生计。故应填can’t。答案can’t③Accordingtotoday’sweatherreport，itdoesnotrain，soyou___________taketheumbrella.解析句意：根据今天的天气预报，今天不下雨，所以你没有必要带雨伞。故应填needn’t。答案needn’t1.You____________beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.2.Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest____________becometherichest.3.Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother____________takemetoDisneylandatweekends.即时训练选词填空(would，shall，must，might,can，should)mustmightwould4.—CanIpaythebillbycheck?—Sorry,Sir.Butitisthemanagementrulesofourhotelthatpayment____________bemadeincash.5.Thegiantpandalooksverymild.Butit____________beveryfiercewhenyouannoyit.6.TheplayersfromShanghaiFootballClubhavebeendoingverywellrecently,sothey____________winthefinalmatch.shallcanshould1.虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况考点2虚拟语气Iftherewerenoair，wecouldn’tlive.如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。Iftherehadbeennoairinthetube，theresultoftheexperimentwouldhavebeenmoreaccurate.如果管子里没有空气，实验的结果就会更精确。Ifheweretocometomorrow,thingswouldbeeasier.如果他明天来，事情就容易多了。2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种条件(1)在“Itis＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/apity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。It’svitalthatwe(should)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。(2)在wouldrather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。I’dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.要是他前天和我去海边就好了。(3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.他建议我们第二天早点出发。(4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气①对现在的虚拟：

过去式(be的过去式用were)②对过去的虚拟：had＋过去分词③对将来的虚拟：would/could/might＋动词原形Iwish(that)Iweretenyearsyounger.我希望我能年轻十岁。Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.

我希望我昨天见到了那位电影明星。3.3个特定句式中的虚拟语气IfonlyIhadseenthefilm.要是我看过那部电影就好了。Itishightimethatwestarted/shouldstartout.

我们该出发了。Hemessedtheprojectup,buthebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他把计划搞砸了，但他表现得若无其事。1.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可提前。Hadhecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。疑难突破2.错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)

如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。3.含蓄虚拟条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用butfor,without等介词(短语)来表示。Wewouldn’thavefinishedtheprojectontimewithoutyourtimelyhelp.

如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程。(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。1.Butforyourhelpwe____________________________________________.

如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。2.Ifaperson’sclothesweredirtyandworn,he__________________________， andannoyhimineveryway.

如果遇见衣衫褴褛的人，他就会拿石头砸过去，或者用其他手段骚扰人家。即时训练补全句子couldn’thavesucceededintheexperimentwouldthrowstonesathim3.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier，you____________________________ ___________thefamoussinger.

如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。4.It’shightimethatwe______________________________________________ ____________.

是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。5.Theytalkedandtalkedasif/thoughthey____________________________.

他们说个不停，好像永远不会再见面一样。would(should/could/might)havemetshoulddevote/devotedourselvestoenvironmentalprotectionwouldnevermeetagain层级一模拟达标练单句语法填空/单句改错分层演练1.(2022·合肥模拟)Thenewairportcomplex，consistingofamainterminal,asupportingservicebuildingandaparkinglot,____________(cover)anareaofabout1.4millionsquaremeters.2.(2022·衡水五调)Knownasthe“SeaGarden”，Macao,whilefilledwithluxuryandworld－classentertainment，also____________(offer)manylandmarksthatdefinethecity’suniqueandfascinatingculture.coversoffers3.(2022·南京十校5月调研)Hehadhiseyesonme,andIguessedhe_______________(consider)rightthenwhetherornottotellmethetruth.4.(2022·河南省实验期中)SincescientistsinScotlandsuccessfullyclonedasheepandnamedthenewbornDolly,theclonetechnology________________________________(advance)slowlybutsteadily.5.(2022·湖北黄冈八模)USwriterMargaretLeeRunbeckonce_____________(write)“Happinessisnotastationyouarriveat,butamanneroftraveling.”Buttravelingisnotalwayshappy,atleastforthebuddiesinthemovieGreen

Book.Themovie____________(adapt)fromthetruestoryofaroadtripthroughthesouthernUSintheearly1960s.wasconsideringhasadvanced/hasbeenadvancingwrotewasadapted6.(2022·南京十校5月调研)Bythetimethebanwasfinallylifted,he________________(stick)attheairportformorethantwoweeks.7.(2022·北京西城区统一测试)5Gistheinnovationthat______________(shape)allourlivesforyearstocome.8.(2022·宁波十校联考)Since1972,morethan800culturalsitesthatarethoughttobeofspecialimportancetohumanhistoryandculture_________________(add)totheWorldHeritageList.9.Mycomputerdidn’tstartthismorning.There____________havebeensomethingwrongwithit.hadbeenstuckwillshapehavebeenaddedmust10.ThenumberofthechildrenwhoowntheiPads____________(be)growingallthetime.11.(2022·衡水中学一模)Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbuswaswaitingforus！____________12.(2022·江西九江高三一模)WhenIfirstmeetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butIhavechangedmymind.____________13.(2022·福州质检)Shewasphoningsomeone,soInodtoherandwentaway.______________14.(2022·陕西渭南一模)IamsorryIdidn’tgotothecinemawithyouyesterday.Youknow,Ihaveseenthefilm.____________iswas→ismeet→metnod→noddedhave→hadⅠ.单句语法填空1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit____________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.2.(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It____________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).3.(2021·全国甲卷)We____________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.层级二高考真题练waswasbuilthired4.(2021·浙江卷)Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,________________________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.5.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)TheunmannedChang’e－4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—____________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole－Aitkenbasin.6.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowers____________(carry)specialsignificance.hasproved/hasproventouchedcarries7.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually，I____________(start)tolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold，butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.8.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohaveabowlofeggsoupwhileI____________(have)toeatanapple.Mydaddoesn’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.9.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic____________(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollectionisondisplay.startedhavearecalled10.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene____________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36－year－oldbusiness.declaredⅡ.单句改错1.(2021·全国乙卷)Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhenevernecessary._________________2.(2021·全国甲卷)Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougotointimesoftrouble？_________________3.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,but/yetIhavelongbeenoutofpractice._________________4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.___________________tidying→tidyare→isstart→startedrequired→requires5.(全国卷Ⅱ)Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.__________________6.(全国卷Ⅲ)ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.__________________7.(全国卷Ⅲ)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.__________________8.(全国卷Ⅲ)However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.____________are→werebegin→begunbecome→becametell→told9.(全国卷Ⅰ)Sincethen—foralltheseyears—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself－seedwheretheyplease.____________10.(全国卷Ⅰ)Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.____________had→have去掉beenⅠ.语法填空 Thefirstzoo1._________________(establish)around3，500yearsagobyanEgyptianqueenforherpersonalenjoyment.Fivehundredyearslater，aChineseemperor2.____________(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Laterzoosweresetupforthepurposeofstudyinganimals.层级三语篇提能练 SomeoftheearlyEuropeanzoos3.____________(consist)ofdarkholesordirtycages，thebadconditionsofwhichmadepeopledisgusted.Laterthezoos4._______________(replace)byresearchcentersandanimalstherewerestudiedand5._______________(keep)ingoodcondition.Theseplacesbecamethefirstmodernzoos.Asearlyasthe1940s，scientists6.____________(understand)thatmanykindsofwildanimalsfacedextinction.Sincethen，zoos7.________________(try)tosavemanyendangeredspecies，butrelyingonzoos8.________________(save)speciesisnotenough.Thebestmethodofprotectionistoleavethemintheirnaturalhabitat. Today，animalsinlargeandnaturalreservesarefedabalanceddietand9.______________(watch)carefullyforanysignsofdiseasewithspeciallytrainedkeeperslookingafterthemandsomehospitalswheretheycanbetreatedwhenill，andalltheanimalsthereliveacomfortablelife.Anyway，itistruethatzoobreedingprograms10.______________(play)animportantroleinprotectingmanyspeciesofwildlifenow.答案1.wasestablished

[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“around3，500yearsago”可知是过去时态，主语“Thefirstzoo”和谓语动词establish是被动关系。又因主语是第三人称单数，故填wasestablished。]2．built

[考查时态。句中“Fivehundredyearslater”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填built。]3．consisted

[考查时态。本句的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式，故填consisted。]4．werereplaced

[考查时态语态和主谓一致。主语“thezoos”和谓语动词replace为被动关系，并且是过去时态，且主语是复数，所以用werereplaced。]5．(were)kept

[考查时态语态和主谓一致。“animalstherewerestudiedand________”为并列关系，故填(were)kept。]6．understood

[考查时态。“