商务英语与沟通（英文版第8版） 课件 第8-14章 撰写负面信息 - 求职与面试

BusinessCommunicationEssentialsEighthEdition,GlobalEditionChapter8WritingNegativeMessagesCopyright©2020PearsonEducationLtd.AllRightsReserved.LearningObjectives(1of2)8.1Applythethree-stepwritingprocesstonegativemessages.8.2Explainhowtousethedirectapproacheffectivelywhenconveyingnegativenews.8.3Explainhowtousetheindirectapproacheffectivelywhenconveyingnegativenews,andexplainhowtoavoidethicalproblemswhenusingthisapproach.LearningObjectives(2of2)8.4Describesuccessfulstrategiesforsendingnegativemessagesonroutinebusinessmatters.8.5Describesuccessfulstrategiesforsendingnegativeemployment-relatedmessages.8.6Listtheimportantpointstoconsiderwhenconveyingnegativeorganizationalnews.8.7Describeaneffectivestrategyforrespondingtonegativeinformationinasocialmediaenvironment.UsingtheThree-StepWritingProcessforNegativeMessagesLO8.1Applythethree-stepwritingprocesstonegativemessages.GoalsofNegativeMessagesConveytheBadNewsGainAcceptanceoftheNewsPreserveGoodwillMaintainorRepairReputationReduceofEliminateFutureCorrespondenceonIssueStep1:PlanningNegativeMessagesPlanningElementsConsiderYourAudienceandPurposeGathertheInformationYouNeedChoosetheRightMediaandChannelChoosetheBestApproachChoosingtheApproachDoYouNeedtoGet

theReader’s

Attention?DoestheReader

PreferaDirect

Approach?HowImportantIsthe

NewstotheReader?WilltheNegative

NewsComeasa

Shock?Step2:WritingNegativeMessagesWritingElementsWritewithClarityandSensitivityClarifyYourQualificationsObserveCommunicationEtiquetteChoosePositive,ProductiveWordsStep3:CompletingNegativeMessagesCompletingElementsReviseYourContentProduceProfessional

DocumentsProofreadYourWork

CarefullyDeliverMessages

PromptlySummaryofDiscussion(1of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:Step1:PlanningNegativeMessagesChoosingtheApproachStep2:WritingNegativeMessagesStep3:CompletingNegativeMessagesThenextsectionwillcoverUsingtheDirectApproachforNegativeMessages.UsingtheDirectApproachforNegativeMessagesLO8.2Explainhowtousethedirectapproacheffectivelywhenconveyingnegativenews.OpeningwithaClearStatementoftheBadNewsUsetheIntroductoryParagraphAvoidBeingOverlyBluntTransitionintotheNewsStateWhyYou’reWriting,IfNeededProvidingReasonsandAdditionalInformationExplainWhytheNewsIsNegativeConsidertheNatureoftheNewsAssessYourRelationshipwithReadersDetermineWhethertoApologizeClosingonaRespectfulNoteShowRespectfortheRecipientConsiderAlternativeSolutionsTrytoIncludePositiveStatementsAvoidCreatingFalseHopesSummaryofDiscussion(2of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:OpeningwithaClearStatementoftheBadNewsProvidingReasonsandAdditionalInformationClosingonaRespectfulNoteThenextsectionwillcoverUsingtheIndirectApproachforNegativeMessages.UsingtheIndirectApproachforNegativeMessagesLO8.3Explainhowtousetheindirectapproacheffectivelywhenconveyingnegativenews,andexplainhowtoavoidethicalproblemswhenusingthisapproach.OpeningwithaBufferNeutralStatementExpressYour

AppreciationAssureYourReaderShowThatYou

UnderstandIntroducetheSubject

MatterEstablishCommon

GroundProvideReasonsandAdditionalInformationIntroduceNegativePointsGraduallyProvideConcise,SufficientDetailsDon’tHideBehindCompanyPolicyContinuewithaClearStatementoftheBadNewsDeemphasizetheBadNewsUseaConditionalStatementStressWhatYouCanDoorHaveDoneCloseonaRespectfulNoteAvoidanUncertainConclusionLimitFutureCorrespondenceExpressOptimism,ifAppropriateBeSincereandAvoidClichésSummaryofDiscussion(3of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:OpeningwithaBufferProvidingReasonsandAdditionalInformationContinuingwithaClearStatementoftheBadNewsClosingonaRespectfulNoteThenextsectionwillcoverSendingNegativeMessagesonRoutineBusinessMatters.SendingNegativeMessagesonRoutineBusinessMattersLO8.4Describesuccessfulstrategiesforsendingnegativemessagesonroutinebusinessmatters.MakingNegativeAnnouncementsonRoutineBusinessMattersOpenwithaBufferAdvanceYourReasoningDelivertheAnnouncementClosetheMessageAppropriatelyRejectingSuggestionsandProposalsRefusingRoutineRequestsManageYourTime

CarefullyIftheMatter’s

Closed,SaySoOfferAlternatives,

ifPossibleDon’tImplyFurther

AssistanceHandlingBadNewsAboutTransactionsTheseMessages

HaveThreeGoalsModifythe

Customer’s

ExpectationsExplainYourPlan

ofActionRepairthe

Business

RelationshipRefusingClaimsandRequestsforAdjustmentsEmployThesePositiveToneUnderstandingExplanations,FactsAppropriateCloseAvoid

TheseNegativeToneAccusationsAbusiveLanguageAngerorMaliceSummaryofDiscussion(4of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:MakingUnexpectedNegativeAnnouncementsRejectingSuggestionsandProposalsRefusingRoutineRequestsHandlingBadNewsAboutTransactionsRefusingClaimsandRequestsforAdjustmentsThenextsectionwillcoverSendingNegativeEmploymentMessages.SendingNegativeEmploymentMessagesLO8.5Describesuccessfulstrategiesforsendingnegativeemployment-relatedmessages.RefusingRequestsforRecommendations(1of2)RequestedbyEmployersConcisenessDirectnessRequestedbyEmployeesDiplomacyPreparationRefusingRequestsfor

Recommendations(2of2)IfYouAreinaPositionto,ButChooseNotto:DisqualifyyourselfSuggestanAlternativeTakeaMentoringApproachExplainYourPersonalPolicyRefusingSocialNetworkingRecommendationRequestsThreeBasicApproachesIgnoringRefrainingRespondingRejectingJobApplicationsPersonalizetheMessageExpressYourAppreciationRemainCourteousand

PoliteAvoidOfferingExplanationsDon’tImplyFuture

ConsiderationClosewithaPositive,

CourteousToneGivingNegativePerformanceReviewsDocumentPerformanceBasedonEvidenceDon’tFocusJustonNegativeElementsMakeItaConversationDon’tAvoidDifficultTopicsMatchWrittenandOralCommunicationEvaluateAllEmployeesConsistentlyBeCalmandObjectiveFocusonWaystoImproveTerminatingEmploymentBeClearandObjectiveBeSpecificAstoReasonsPresentReasonsDon’tDiscriminateObeyPolicy&LawAvoidInsultsSeekAdviceDeliverinPersonBePreparedforQuestionsAvoidSurprisesSummaryofDiscussion(5of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:RefusingRequestsforRecommendationsRefusingSocialNetworkingRecommendationsRejectingJobApplicationsGivingNegativePerformanceReviewsTerminatingEmploymentThenextsectionwillcoverSendingNegativeOrganizationalNews.SendingNegativeOrganizationalNewsLO8.6Listtheimportantpointstoconsiderwhenconveyingnegativeorganizationalnews.GuidelinesforNegativeAnnouncements(1of2)MatchtheApproachtotheSituationConsidertheNeedsofEachGroupMinimizetheElementofSurprisePlanandManageaResponseGuidelinesforNegativeAnnouncements

(2of2)BePositiveButNot

FalselyOptimisticSeektheAdviceof

ExpertsUseMultiple

ChannelstoReach

OutBeOpenand

TransparentSummaryofDiscussion(6of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:GuidelinesforNegativeAnnouncementsThenextsectionwillcoverRespondingtoNegativeInformationinaSocialMediaEnvironment.RespondingtoNegativeInformationinaSocialMediaEnvironmentLO8.7Describeaneffectivestrategyforrespondingtonegativeinformationinasocialmediaenvironment.ChallengesofSocialMediaRespondingtoRumorsRefutingFalseInformationDefendingAgainstAttacksRespondingNegativeInformationEngageEarly,EngageOftenMonitortheConversationEvaluateAllNegativeMessagesMaketheAppropriateResponseSummaryofDiscussion(7of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:ChallengesofSocialMediaRespondingtoRumorsandCounteringNegativeInformationThisconcludesourdiscussionofChapter8:WritingNegativeMessages.BusinessCommunicationEssentialsEighthEdition,GlobalEditionChapter9WritingPersuasiveMessagesCopyright©2020PearsonEducationLtd.AllRightsReserved.LearningObjectives9.1Applythethree-stepwritingprocesstopersuasivemessages.9.2Describeaneffectivestrategyfordevelopingpersuasivebusinessmessages.9.3Identifythethreemostcommoncategoriesofpersuasivemessages.9.4Describeaneffectivestrategyfordevelopingmarketingandsalesmessages,explainhowtomodifythisapproachforsocialmedia,andidentifystepsyoucantaketoavoidethicallapsesinmarketingandsalesmessages.UsingtheThree-StepProcessforPersuasiveMessagesLO9.1Applythethree-stepprocesstopersuasivemessages.Step1:PlanningPersuasiveMessagesAnalyzethe

SituationGatherthe

InformationSelectthe

Mediumand

ChannelOrganizethe

InformationAnalyzingtheSituationGaugingAudience

Desiresand

InterestsDemographic

InformationPsychographic

InformationAudience’sLevelof

MotivationGatheringInformationPersuasiveandCompellingBusinessMessagesMarketingMessagesSalesMessagesSelectingtheRightCombinationofMediumandChannelNatureofPersuasiveMessagesRangeofConsumerAttitudesVarietyofCommunicationMediaOrganizingYourInformationTheDirectortheIndirectApproach?WhatIsYourRelationshipwiththeAudience?WhatIstheExtentofYourPower,Authority,orExpertise?ChangeReader’sAttitudes,Beliefs,orActionsStep2:WritingPersuasiveMessagesUsePositiveandPoliteLanguageRespectCulturalDifferencesUnderstandCultureinOrganizationsEstablishYourCredibilityBuildingYourCredibilityUsingSimpleLanguageProvidingObjectiveEvidenceIdentifyingYourSourceMaterialsEstablishingCommonGroundBeingObjective,Fair,andLogicalFocusingontheAudience’sInterestsUsingLogic,Evidence,andNarrativesBuildingCredibilitybeforePresentingStep3:CompletingPersuasiveMessagesEvaluateYourContentProduceYourMessageProofreadYourMessageDistributeYourMessageSummaryofDiscussion

(1of6)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:Step1:PlanningPersuasiveMessagesAnalyzingtheSituationGatheringInformationSelectingtheRightCombinationofMediumandChannelSummaryofDiscussion

(2of6)OrganizingYourInformationStep2:WritingPersuasiveMessagesBuildingYourCredibilityStep3:CompletingPersuasiveMessagesThenextsectionwillcoverDevelopingPersuasiveBusinessMessages.DevelopingPersuasiveBusinessMessagesLO9.2Describeaneffectivestrategyfordevelopingpersuasivebusinessmessages.FramingYourArguments(theAIDAModel)BalancingEmotionalandLogicalAppealsEmotionalAppealsFeelings,

Emotions,

andSympathiesLogicalAppealsAnalogy,

Induction,

andDeductionAvoidingFaultyLogicHastyGeneralizationsCircularReasoningInappropriateAppealsAttackinganOpponentOversimplifyingaComplexIssueMistakenCause–EffectAssumptionsFaultyAnalogiesReinforcingYourPositionBelievableEvidencePowerfulWordsMetaphorsandStoriesAudienceBenefitsAnticipatingObjectionsCounterNegativeElementsFocusonPositiveCommunicationPresentAllSidesoftheSituationAvoidingCommonMistakesinPersuasiveCommunicationCommonMistakesUsingaHardSellApproachBeingResistanttoCompromiseRelyingSolelyonGreatArgumentsUsinga“One-Shot”ApproachUsingDeceptionorUnethicalBehaviorsSummaryofDiscussion(3of6)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:FramingYourArgumentsBalancingEmotionalandLogicalAppealsAvoidingFaultyLogicReinforcingYourPositionAnticipatingObjectionsAvoidingCommonMistakesinPersuasiveCommunicationThenextsectionwillcoverCommonExamplesofPersuasiveBusinessMessages.CommonExamplesofPersuasiveBusinessMessagesLO9.3Identifythethreemostcommoncategoriesofpersuasivebusinessmessages.PersuasiveRequestsforActionPersuasivePresentationofIdeasChangingAttitudesorBeliefsAboutaTopicConsideraNewIdeaConsideraDifferentPerspectiveReconsiderWaysofThinkingPersuasiveClaimsandRequestsforAdjustmentReviewtheFactsinaPositiveToneOutlinetheProblemandItsStatusGiveReasonsforGrantingtheClaimCloseonaRespectfulNoteSummaryofDiscussion(4of6)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:PersuasiveRequestsforActionPersuasivePresentationofIdeasPersuasiveRequestsforClaimsandRequestsforAdjustmentThenextsectionwillcoverDevelopingMarketingandSalesMessages.DevelopingMarketingandSalesMessagesLO9.4Describeaneffectivestrategyfordevelopingmarketingandsalesmessages,explainhowtomodifythisapproachforsocialmedia,andidentifystepsyoucantaketoavoidethicallapsesinmarketingandsalesmessages.PlanningMarketingandSalesMessagesAnticipating

AudienceNeedsAnalyzing

CompetitionKeySelling

Pointsand

BenefitsAnticipate

ObjectionsWritingConventionalMarketingandSalesMessagesUsingtheAIDAModelGettingAttentionBuildingInterestIncreasingDesireMotivatingActionWritingPromotionalMessagesforSocialMedia(1of2)GetInvolvedinOnlineConversationsFacilitateCommunityBuildingListenasMuchasYouTalkInitiateandRespondtoConversationsWritingPromotionalMessagesforSocialMedia(2of2)ProvideInformation

PeopleWantIdentifyandSupport

YourChampionsBeAuthentic,

Transparent,andRealIntegrateConventional

MarketingStrategiesCreatingPromotionalMessagesforMobileDevicesPromotionalMessagesKeepPromotionalMessagesShortandSimpleTheMobileExperienceKeeptheMobileExperienceFastandStraightforwardMaintainingHighEthicalandLegalStandardsMaintainingHighEthicalandLegalStandardsMaintainingthe“YouAttitude”duringAllBusinessTransactionsUnderstandingLegalAspectsofPromotionalCommunicationMaintainingHighEthicalandLegalStandardsBeTruthfulandNon-DeceptiveSupportYourClaimswithEvidenceDon’tUseBait-and-SwitchTacticsObeyLawsWhenMarketingtoMinorsObserveContractualObligationsRespectRightsofIndividualsSummaryofDiscussion(5of6)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:PlanningMarketingandSalesMessagesWritingConventionalMarketingandSalesMessagesWritingPromotionalMessagesforSocialMediaCreatingPromotionalMessagesforSocialMediaSummaryofDiscussion(6of6)MaintainingHighEthicalandLegalStandardsBasicLegalAspectsofPromotionalCommunicationThisconcludesourdiscussionofChapter9:WritingPersuasiveMessages.BusinessCommunicationEssentialsEighthEdition,GlobalEditionChapter10UnderstandingandPlanningReportsandProposalsCopyright©2020PearsonEducationLtd.AllRightsReserved.LearningObjectives(1of2)10.1Adaptthethree-stepwritingprocesstoreportsandproposals.10.2Describeaneffectiveprocessforconductingbusinessresearch,explainhowtoevaluatethecredibilityofaninformationsource,andidentifythefivewaystouseresearchresults.10.3Explaintheroleofsecondaryresearchanddescribethetwomajorcategoriesofonlineresearchtools.LearningObjectives(2of2)10.4Explaintheroleofprimaryresearch,andidentifythetwomostcommonformsofprimaryresearchforbusinesscommunicationpurposes.10.5

Explainhowtoplaninformationalreportsandwebsitecontent.10.6

Identifythethreemostcommonwaystoorganizeanalyticalreports.10.7

Explainhowtoplanproposals.ApplyingtheThree-StepWritingProcesstoReportsandProposalsLO10.1Adaptthethree-stepwritingprocesstoreportsandproposals.CategoriesofTypicalReportsAnalyzingtheSituationComposeaStatementofPurposeStateWhyYou’rePreparingtheReportStateWhatYouPlantoDeliverPrepareaWorkPlanfortheProjectIdentifyProject-RelatedTasksEstablishaTimelinefortheProjectGatheringInformationPlanningYourResearchStatementofPurposeAudienceNeedsInformationNeedsSelectingtheRightCombinationofMediaandChannelsMediaRequirementsDocumentUsesFeedbackPreferencesMediaChoiceOrganizingYourInformationSummaryofDiscussion(1of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:CategoriesofTypicalReportsAnalyzingtheSituationGatheringInformationSelectingtheRightCombinationofMediaandChannelsOrganizingYourInformationThenextsectionwillcoverSupportingYourMessageswithReliableInformation.SupportingYourMessageswithReliableInformationLO10.2Describeaneffectiveprocessforconductingbusinessresearch,explainhowtoevaluatethecredibilityofaninformationsource,andidentifythefivewaystouseresearchresults.PlanningYourResearchDevelopaProblem

StatementIdentifyEssential

InformationGenerateResearch

QuestionsAvoidingEthicalLapsesKeepanOpenMindRespectPrivacyandIdentityofParticipantsDocumentandCreditSourcesRespectIntellectualPropertyRightsDon’tDistortInformationfromSourcesDon’tMisrepresentYourIntentionsLocatingDataandInformationSecondaryResearchBooksMagazinesNewspapersPublicWebsitesPrimaryResearch

SurveysInterviewsObservationsExperimentsEvaluatingInformationSourcesReputationPotentialBiasPurposeCredibilityMethodologyVerificationCurrencyandCompletenessLogicalScrutinyQuoting,Paraphrasing,andSummarizingInformationDrawingConclusionsandMakingRecommendationsConclusionsInterpretationoftheFactsintheReportRecommendationsSuggestionsforWhattoDoAbouttheFactsSummaryofDiscussion(2of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:PlanningYourResearchAvoidingEthicalLapsesLocatingDataandInformationEvaluatingSourceMaterialSummaryofDiscussion(3of9)Quoting,Paraphrasing,andSummarizingInformationDrawingConclusionsandMakingRecommendationsThenextsectionwillcoverConductingSecondaryResearch.ConductingSecondaryResearchLO10.3Explaintheroleofsecondaryresearch,anddescribethetwomajorcategoriesofonlineresearchtools.FindingInformationataLibraryNewspapersorPeriodicalsBusinessBooksMembershipDirectoriesAlmanacsandStatisticsGovernmentPublicationsDatabasesFindingInformationOnlineActivelySearchforExistingInformationMonitorSelectedSourcesforNewInformationOnlineSearchTools(1of2)(General-PurposeSearchEngines)OpportunitiesScanMillionsofWebsitesSearchbyKeywordRanktheResultsChallengesNoHumanEditorsWideVarietyofResultsCan’tReachDeepInternetOnlineSearchTools(2of2)(ImproveonGeneralSearchEngines)WebDirectoriesHumanEditorsEvaluateandClassifyWebsitesMetasearchEnginesFormatSearchesforWebDirectoriesMultipleSearchEnginesOnlineDatabasesOfferJournals,Magazines,andNewspapersOnlineMonitoringToolsAutomaticallyMonitoringInformationSourcesSubscribingtoNewsfeedsFollowingPeopleonTwitterSettingUpOnlineAlertsUsingSpecializedMonitorsSearchTipsOptimizeSearchesKeywordSearchesBooleanSearchesInterpretResultsCarefullyNaturalLanguageSearchesForms-BasedSearchesUsingSearchToolsEffectivelyThinkBeforeYouSearchReadInstructions;PayAttentiontoDetailsReviewSearch/DisplayOptionsCarefullyTryaVarietyofSearchTermsVarytheNumberofSearchTermsLookBeyondtheFirstPageofResultsDocumentingYourSourcesGivetheAuthorProperCreditProvideSupportfortheMessageHelptheAudienceLearnMoreSummaryofDiscussion(4of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:FindingInformationataLibraryFindingInformationOnlineOnlineSearchToolsOnlineMonitoringToolsSearchTipsSummaryofDiscussion(5of9)UsingSearchToolsEffectivelyDocumentingYourSourcesThenextsectionwillcoverConductingPrimaryResearch.ConductingPrimaryResearchLO10.4Explaintheroleofprimaryresearch,andidentifythetwomostcommonformsofprimaryresearchforbusinesscommunicationpurposes.ConductingSurveys

(1of2)ProvideClearInstructionsAskforInformationPeopleCanRememberKeepQuestionnairesShortandEasytoUseFormulateEasy-to-AnalyzeQuestionsConductingSurveys(2of2)AvoidAskingLeadingQuestionsAvoidUsingAmbiguousDescriptorsAvoidAskingCompoundQuestionsObtainaRepresentativeSampleConductingInterviewsTheQuestionsYouAskOpen-EndedStyleClosed-EndedStyleTheWayYouAskQuestionsQuestionSequencePotentialAnswersSummaryofDiscussion(6of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:ConductingSurveysConductingInterviewsThenextsectionwillcoverPlanningInformationalReports.PlanningInformationalReportsLO10.5Explainhowtoplaninformationalreportsandwebsitecontent.ClassifyingInformationalReportsMonitorandControlOperationsDemonstrateComplianceImplementPoliciesandProceduresDocumentProgressOrganizingInformationalReportsTopicalOrganizationComparisonImportanceSequenceChronologyGeographyCategoryOrganizingWebsiteContentSpecial

ConsiderationsWebReaders

AreDemandingReadingOnline

CanBeDifficultMediumIs

NonlinearMediumIs

MultidimensionalWebsitesAre

MultipurposeInformationArchitectureConsideraMobile-FirstApproachPlanSiteStructureandNavigationLetYourReadersBeinControlthroughLinksClear,SimpleLanguageforTitlesandLinksCommonWebsiteConventionsHelpReadersAbsorbInformationSummaryofDiscussion(7of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:ClassifyingInformationalReportsOrganizingInformationalReportsOrganizingWebsiteContentInformationArchitectureThenextsectionwillcoverPlanningAnalyticalReports.PlanningAnalyticalReports(1of2)LO10.6Identifythethreemostcommonwaystoorganizeanalyticalreports.PlanningAnalyticalReports(2of2)AssessingOpportunitiesSolvingBusinessProblemsSupportingDecisionMakingUnderstandingtheChallengesofWritingAnalyticalReportsMorethanDeliveringInformationCompelling,PersuasiveMessageAddedResponsibilityforOutcomesFocusingonConclusionsAdvantagesDirectApproachPresentsMainIdeaDisadvantagesIgnoresQuestionsPotentialforOversimplificationFocusingonRecommendationsEstablishtheNeedforActionIntroduceBenefitsandPotentialRisksListtheSteps(Recommendations)ExplainEachStepMoreFullySummarizeYourRecommendationsFocusingonLogicalArgumentsAnalyticalReportFocusingonLogicalArgumentsSummaryofDiscussion(8of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:PlanningAnalyticalReportsUnderstandingtheChallengesofWritingAnalyticalReportsFocusingonConclusionsFocusingonRecommendationsFocusingonLogicalArgumentsThenextsectionwillcoverPlanningProposals.PlanningProposalsLO10.7Explainhowtoplanproposals.StructuringProposalsSolicitedProposalExpectedStrictInstructionsUnsolicitedProposalUnexpectedMoreFlexibilityGeneralCategoriesofProposalsInternalProposalsRequestDecisionsfromManagersintheOrganizationExternalProposalsRequestDecisionsfromPartiesOutsidetheOrganizationInternalProposal(cont.)InternalProposal(cont.)SummaryofDiscussion(9of9)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:GeneralCategoriesofProposalsStructuringProposalsThisconcludesourdiscussionofChapter10:UnderstandingandPlanningReportsandProposals.BusinessCommunicationEssentialsEighthEdition,GlobalEditionChapter11WritingandCompletingReportsandProposalsCopyright©2020PearsonEducationLtd.AllRightsReserved.LearningObjectives(1of2)11.1Listthetopicscommonlycoveredintheintroduction,body,andcloseofinformationalreports,analyticalreports,andproposals.11.2Identifysixguidelinesfordraftingeffectivewebsitecontent,andofferguidelinesforbecomingavaluablewikicontributor.LearningObjectives(2of2)11.3Discusssixprinciplesofgraphicdesignthatcanimprovethequalityofyourvisuals,andidentifythemajortypesofbusinessvisuals.11.4Summarizethefourtasksinvolvedincompletingbusinessreportsandproposals.WritingReportsandProposalsLO11.1Listthetopicscommonlycoveredintheintroduction,body,andcloseofinformationalreports,analyticalreports,andproposals.AdaptingtoYourAudienceUsingthe“You”AttitudeFormalSituationsInformalSituationsCross-CulturalSituationsDraftingReportContentThreeMainSectionsTheIntroductionTheBodyTheClosingElementsofaReportIntroductiontoaReportAuthorizationProblem/purposeScopeBackgroundSourcesandMethodsDefinitionsLimitationsReportorganizationTheBodyofaReportExplanationFacts,Evidence,andTrendsAnalysisofPotentialActionProsandConsProceduresMethodsandApproachesCriteriaConclusionsandRecommendationsSupportTheCloseofaReportSummary,Recommendations,ActionWhenUsingtheDirectApproachWhenUsingtheIndirectApproachWhenSeekingtoMotivateActionMakeYourReportEasiertoReadUsingHeadings

andSubheadingsEmploying

Transitional

DevicesProviding

Previewsand

ReviewsMakeYourReportsEasiertoWriteTemplatesStylesheetsGraphicsSpreadsheetsDatabasesMediaandChannelsDraftingProposalContentUsetheAIDAplan.Demonstrateyourknowledge.Provideexamplesandinformation.Researchyourcompetition.Showthatyourproposalisfeasible.Relateyourproposaltoreaderneeds.IntroductiontoaProposalProblemorOpportunityBackgroundInformationProblemStatementProposedSolutionScopeoftheProposalProposalOrganizationTheBodyofaProposalProposedSolutionandAnticipatedResultsFactsandEvidenceProposedApproachWorkPlanScheduleQualificationsStatementProposedCostsTheCloseofaProposalSummaryandBottomLineReviewYourArgumentReviewReaderBenefitsReviewYourApproachRestateYourQualificationsRequestaDecisionSummaryofDiscussion(1of7)Inthissection,wediscussedthefollowing:AdaptingtoYourAudienceDraftingReportContentIntroductiontoaReportTheBodyofaReportTheCloseofaReportHelpingYourReadersFindInformationSummaryofDiscussion(2of7)UsingProductivityToolsDraftingProposalContentIntroductiontoaProposalTheBodyofaProposalTheCloseofaProposalThenextsectionwillcoverWritingforWebsitesanWikis.WritingforWebsitesandWikisLO11.2Identifysixguidelinesfordraftingeffectivewebsitecontent,andofferguidelinesforbecomingavaluablewikicontributor.Drafti