2025春人教版英语七下 考点拓展1名词、代词写作指导（自我介绍）（原卷版）

课时01考点拓展1&名词、代词&写作指导（自我介绍）目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一．词汇拓展 1二．考点拓展 2三．语法考点 4五．写作考点 13六．阅读拓展 14一．词汇拓展1.name(n.)名字；名称；名声(v.)给……取名；给……命名英文名2.good(adj.)好的(adj.)乖的；守规矩的令人满意的；令人愉快的(n.)好处；善行→better(比较级)→(最高级)→(反义词)坏的；令人不快的→(adv.)好地对……有好处擅长……对……友好与……相处得好；善于应付……的3.I(pron.)我→(宾格)我→(形容词性物主代词)我的→(名词性物主代词)我的→(反身代词)我自己4.you(pron.)你；你们→(宾格)你；你们→(形容词性物主代词)你的；你们的→(名词性物主代词)你的；你们的→(反身代词)你自己→(反身代词)你们自己5.she(pron.)她→(宾格)她→(形容词性物主代词)她的→(名词性物主代词)她的→(反身代词)她自己6.it(pron.)它→(宾格)它→(形容词性物主代词)它的→(名词性物主代词)它的→(反身代词)它自己7.sorry(adj.)对不起的，抱歉的为某事感到抱歉8.spell(v.)拼写→(过去式)→→(现在分词)→(n.)拼写9.thank(v.)谢谢→(adj.)表达谢意的；感激的多亏因……而感谢(你/你们)。10.how(adv.)怎样，如何多少(后接可数名词)多少(后接不可数名词)；多少钱多远多长；多久多久以后多久一次二．考点拓展考点1.辨析speak、talk、say和tellFrankknewthatshethoughtitwasbettertotalkaboutfeelingsinsteadofgettingangry.词汇含义及用法常用词组或结构speak意为“说”,强调说的语言或者说话能力speakEnglish说英语;speakhighlyof高度赞扬talk意为“谈话”,强调与某人交谈talkto/withsb.与某人交谈;talkaboutsth.谈论某事say意为“说”,侧重说话的内容saythanks/sorrytosb.向某人道谢/道歉tell意为“告诉;讲述”,强调讲给别人听tellsb.(about)sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人(关于)某事;telllies说谎;telljokes讲笑话用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空(每个单词只能用一次)。speaktalksaytell1.—AnEnglishcornerwassetupinourschoolyesterday.—It'sgoodforustopracticeEnglishthere.

2.Seeingtheofferfromtheuniversitywhichshewaslookingforwardto,Lilywastooexcitedtoanything.

3.Mr.Liwillgiveusanextweek.Allofusarelookingforwardtoit.

4.Theidiom(成语)“Mengzi'smothermakesthreemoves”usaboutamotherwhotriedherbesttoprovidethebestenvironmentforherchild.

考点2.辨析family、home和houseAfterknowingthereason,thefamilyhadameeting.词汇含义及用法family作集体名词,意为“家庭”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;作个体名词,意为“家人”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数home意为“家”,指一个人出生或居住的地方house意为“房子”,即居住的房屋用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空(每个单词只能用一次)。homehousefamily1.SinceIwasborn,myhavelivedinthesameflat.

2.Tomlikesthewithabiggardenverymuch,butitspricegoesbeyondhisabilitytopay.

3.Thankstotheinternet,wecandoshoppingat.

考点3.辨析look、watch、see和readTheywouldlookatallthetechnologiesapersoncoulduseandadviseonthebestonesandhowtogetthemostoutofthem.look强调“看”的动作,作不及物动词,后面接宾语时,要加介词at看黑板lookattheblackboardwatch强调“(聚精会神地)观看;注视”,如看电视、看比赛等看电视watchTVsee强调“看”的结果看见了一条蛇seeasnakeread意为“阅读”,如看书、看报纸、看杂志等看报纸readthenewspaperwatch专注用时长,比赛影视常登场。see以结果为导向,看到内容心中藏。look动作要先想,单独使用不恰当。lookat搭配强,指向目标不能忘。read文字书中躺,阅读书籍心欢畅。用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空(每个单词只能用一次)。watchseelookread1.!Thechildrenarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.Theyareinterestedinthecolorfulcultureinourcountry.

2.—While,themorecarefulyouare,themoreeasilyyoucanfindanswersinthearticle.

—That'strue.3.Thedocumentary(纪录片)APlasticOceanissoeducationalthatIhaveitseveraltimessofar.

4.Ididn'tyouyesterdaymorning.Wherewereyou?

考点4.help的用法Withthehelpofthegovernment,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyoldvillages.按要求完成句子。1.Thereisarobotdogintheairporthelpingtheworknow.(盲填)

2.Thankyoufor(help)mewithmylessons.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)

3.Let'sinvitesomemorepeopletohelptheprojectonairpollutioninthisarea.(盲填)

考点5.try的用法Youshouldalwaystrytodescribesomethingusingthefivesenses.根据汉语意思完成句子。1.—Givingothersahelpinghandnotonlyhelpsusmakefriendsbutalsomakesushappy.—That'strue.I'll(尽我最大的努力)tohelpothers.

2.Theworkersare(尽力)repairmycar,becausethreedaysagoIhadacrash.

3.—AlthoughIhavefailedthreetimes,Iwill(第四次尝试).

—Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Iwillbewithyoualltheway.三．语法考点名词考点一名词的分类专有名词Einstein,Beijing,CCTV,December,theSpringFestival,theGreatWall...普通名词可数名词个体名词book,kid,friend,scarf,sweater,boat,library...集体名词people,class,family,police...不可数名词物质名词beef,meat,wood,water,air,bread...抽象名词wealth,honesty,love,ability,health...复合名词grandfather,blackboard,classroom,birthday,housework,newspaper...考点二名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化一般情况直接加-smap/maps,Indian/Indians,book/books,pencil/pencils以s、x、ch、sh等结尾的单词加-esbrush/brushes,church/churches,watch/watches,dish/dishes以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s;以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-esstory/stories,baby/babies,key/keys,city/cities,day/days以f,fe结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-eshalf/halves,leaf/leaves,shelf/shelves,life/lives,wife/wives以字母o结尾的可数名词表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-estomato/tomatoes,hero/heroes,potato/potatoes,Negro/Negroes表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-sradio/radios,piano/pianos,photo/photos,zoo/zoos注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes★元音字母o结尾的名词变复数小贴士:名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如:hero/heroes、tomato/tomatoes、potato/potatoes、zero/zeros或zeroes★以f,fe结尾的名词变复数以f,fe结尾的名词,多数是将f,fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆:小贴士:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如:leaf/leaves、half/halves、wife/wives、knife/knives2.可数名词复数的不规则变化单复数同形sheep,Chinese,Japanese,deer,fish把a改为eman/men,woman/women,policeman/policemen,Englishman/Englishmen,Frenchman/Frenchmenoo变ee式tooth/teeth,foot/feet,goose/geese词尾加-renchild/children只有复数式trousers,clothes,glasses,congratulations,pants,scissors,gloves易混易错man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如amanteacher、twowomendoctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、physics、politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。★有些名词单数与复数形式相同小贴士:单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如:Chinese、Japanese、fish、deer、sheep★有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词)小贴士:世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如:Chinese、Japanese;Englishman/Englishmen、Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。考点三不可数名词的分类物质名词食物bread,meat,rice,food,salt,wheat,cheese,fish,chicken...饮料juice,milk,tea,water,cola,coffee...自然物质air,soil,sand,wood...抽象名词情感、概念peace,love,friendship,joy,happiness,time,news,population,knowledge...学科Chinese,English,maths,physics,chemistry,politics,history...国家、城市等专有名词China,England,Japan,Sydney...小贴士:不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、water、milk、orange、rice、meat、bread、food、homework、housework、work、happiness、time、money。4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词名词用作可数名词用作不可数名词fish表示条数,单数复数形式相同意为“鱼肉”表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-esglass“玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜”意为“玻璃”orange意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s意为“橙汁;橙色”room意为“房间”,复数加-s意为“余地;地方;空间”paper意为“文件;试卷;报纸”,复数加-s意为“纸”work意为“著作”,复数加-s意为“工作”chicken意为“小鸡”,复数加-s意为“鸡肉”light意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s意为“光线”考点四名词的所有格有生命的名词单数在词尾加“'s”Lucy'scat有生命的名词复数(1)以-s结尾加“'”theteachers'office(2)不以-s结尾的加“'s”herchildren'shomework表示两者或多者共同拥有在最后一个名词后加“'s”LucyandLily'sdesk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌)表示两者或多者各自拥有各名词后都要加上“'s”Jim'sandSam'sbikes(Jim和Sam各自的自行车)表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词单数加“'s”anhour'swalk复数加“'”tenminutes'walk双重所有格of+'s所有格twostudentsofMr.Wu'sof+名词性物主代词afriendofmineof+one'sownahouseofmyown易混易错's不全是名词所有格ItlookslikeLily'shat!它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lilyis的缩写。)MydogisfromChina,butherdog'sfromJapan.我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dogis的缩写,而不是名词所有格。)根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Johnnyissohungrythathecaneatupallthe(bread).

2.Thismorningmarketsellsdifferentkindsoffresh(fish).

3.Howamazing!Thelittlecatcaughttwo(mouse)lastnight.

4.Thelittleboyhastopeelthreebasketsof(potato)beforelunch.

5.Jackspentabouttwohourssweeping(leaf)inthebackgarden.

6.It'sabouttwenty(minute)drivefrommyhousetothepark.

7.Therearefewspellingandgrammar(mistake)inLily'shomework.

8.Theoldmanlikesreadingbooksverymuch.Heownstwoprivate(library).

9.Therearemorethanonehundredteachersinourschool,andmostofthemare(man)teachers.

10.Theworstthingaboutworkingintheshoppingmallisthatyou'reonyour(foot)allday.

11.Differentpeoplehavedifferent(hobby).

12.Youcanlookfor(information)abouttheshopontheInternet.

13.Sheboughtapairof(glove).

14.—Arethose(sheep)?

—No,theyaren't.They're(cow).15.15，15.(LucyandLily)roomisonthe5thfloor.

代词考点一人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表数人称单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves考点二人称代词的用法1.人称代词有单数和复数之分。人称代词主格用作主语,置于谓语动词之前。例如:Sheisagoodteacher.她是一名好老师。Theyaregoodteachers.他(她)们是好老师。小贴士:开头主语用主格,主格常置谓语前,复数概念全用are。2.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:单数:“二、三、一”(单数人称为you、he/she/it、I)复数:“一、二、三”(复数人称为we、you、they);在自我批评或承担责任时则把I放在前面。例如:Sorry,Iandhehavemadeamistake.对不起,我和他犯了个错误。小贴士:代词并列作主语,排列顺序记心间。复数人称一二三,单数人称二三一。承担责任I领先,you站后面I心安。3.人称代词宾格的用法。人称代词宾格常用作宾语,置于动词和介词后,构成动宾和介宾结构。有时在口语中还用作表语,也可以放在be动词之后作主语补足语。例如:Letmehelpyou.(you用作宾语,构成动宾结构)Thenewbagisforhim.(him用作宾语,构成介宾结构)Who'sthat?It'sme,Tom.(me作表语,用于非正式语体中)小贴士:宾格充当宾和表。宾格处在介动后。考点三物主代词的用法1.物主代词的构成小贴士:物主代词有两类,一是“形”二是“名”。我的my,你的your,男的his,女的her,它的its别加点,我们的our,你们的your,他们的their别混用。见到“名词”就上前,“形代”总站名词前,转变“名代”加个-s。留下his与its,唯独my变为mine。2.物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的关系。形容词性物主代词后面要跟名词,而名词性物主代词后则不能再跟名词,它们的关系可以理解为“形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词”。例如:Thisismypen.Thatisn'tmine.这是我的钢笔。那不是我的。(mine相当于mypen)(2)名词性物主代词常用于指代上下文所提到的东西,以避免重复。例如:Thisishisbag.=Thisbagishis.这个包是他的。Thatisherbook.=Thatbookishers.那本书是她的。小贴士:“形代”爱交友,单独它不走。和冠词,不相连,“形代”总在名词前。没有“形物”用“名代”,单数复数要分清。作主语,数一致,单复数看后面的“名”。易混易错his和its既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词。在使用上要区分。例如:Thisisitsbone./Thisboneisits.这个骨头是它的。3.含有物主代词的固定短语onone'swayto在某人去……的路上;withone'shelp在某人的帮助下;allone'slife一生,终生;toone'ssurprise使某人感到惊讶的是;toone'sjoy使某人高兴的是;changeone'smind改变主意;takeone'stime不急;try/doone'sbest尽某人最大的努力;inone'sway挡路,妨碍。考点四反身代词的用法1.反身代词的构成反身代词随着人称变化而变化。反身代词由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词以及第三人称代词宾格词尾加-self或-selves构成,有单数、复数之分。易混易错反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用“形物”,复数-ves代替f。2.反身代词的常用短语byoneself=onone'sown单独,靠某人自己;allbyoneself全靠自己;enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴,过得愉快;teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学;helponeselfto随便吃,自己吃;hurtoneself伤着自己;foroneself为自己;devoteoneself献身于;cometooneself恢复常态;saytooneself自言自语;dressoneself给自己穿衣服;loseoneself失去自我。考点五指示代词的用法指示代词近指远指单数复数this√√that√√these√√those√√小贴士:指示代词四兄弟,近指远指有规律。this、that是单数,these、those是复数;this、these说“近处”,that、those表“远处”。易混易错1.在回答this或that(指物时)为主语的疑问句时,用it代替this或that。thatis可以缩写成that's,而thisis却不能缩写为this's。在回答主语是these或those的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,通常用they来代替问句的these或those,以避免重复。例如:—Arethoseherbooks?那些是她的书吗?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.是的,它们是。/不,它们不是。2.在电话用语中,用this指代自己,that指代对方。例如:—Hello!ThisisLiPing.Who'sthat?你好,我是李平。你是哪位?—Hey,LiPing.ThisisWangHai.嘿,李平。我是王海。考点六疑问代词的用法疑问代词意义基本用法例句who谁who是主格,询问人的身份或对句子中的人进行提问,在句子中充当主语或表语的角色。who与is相连可缩写成who's(谁是),与whose同音—Whoisnothere?(who作主语)—HanMeimeiisn'there.—Who'sthat?(who作表语)—That'sLucy.whom谁whom是宾格,用作宾语,但在口语中,也可用who作宾语,但是在介词的后面只能用whomWhomdidyougototheparkwith?你和谁一起去的公园?whose谁的whose既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词,不可与who's混在一起Whosebikeisthis?这是谁的自行车?what什么指物,对句子中的事物或一些名词进行提问Whatcolorbikedoyouhave?你有什么颜色的自行车?which哪个用于对“定语”进行提问,通常用于在一个确定的、有限的范围内做出选择—Whichcolorisyourbike,blackorblue?你的自行车是哪种颜色,黑色的还是蓝色的?—Theblackone.黑色的。考点七it用作形式主语的用法(1)It'stimeforsb.todosth./It'stimeforsth.;(2)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.;(3)Itcosts/costsb.somemoneytodosth.;(4)Itseems/seemedthat...;(5)Itisone'sturntodosth.;(6)Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+一般过去时;(7)It'ssaid/reportedthat...;(8)It's+名词/形容词+that从句;(9)It's+名词/形容词+(for/ofsb.)+不定式;(10)Itlooks(seems)asif...一．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Thisisn'tJulie'snotebook.(she)isinherschoolbag.

2.YouhavetoaskMike(he).Nobodyelseknowshisaddress.

3.TheseflowersbelongtoMissWang.Theyareasbeautifulas(we).

4.“Sitdownandmake(you)athome,boysandgirls!”saidMrs.Likindly.

5.Georgeintroducedustosomefriendsof(he)attheparty.

6.—Oh,I'mfeelingsothirstyandtired.—(I),too.

7.Thisphysicsproblemisn'thardatall.Icanworkitout(I).

8.(I)ChineseteacheraskedmewithwhomIhaddiscussedtheproblem.

9.—DoyouknowAlice?—Yes.Iknow(she)verywell.Wehavebeenfriendsforlong.

10.ThisEnglishdictionaryisnotmine.Itmustbe(Tom).

11.Lily'sbackpackismuchbiggerthan(me).

12.Mrs.Guoteaches(we)history.

13.Weshouldalwayskeep(we)awayfromdanger.

14.Ifounditimpossiblefor(he)toworkoutthemathsproblem.

15.Theboywhocomestothepartyisgivenawoodenapplewith(he)ownnameinitasasouvenir.

16.Theseboyshavebeenabletodress(them)attheageoffive.

17.Bettyandhersisterwenttothemuseumwitharelativeof(them).

18.—Isthisyourcousin'ssweater?—No.(she)isonthechairbehindthedesk.

五．写作考点SelfIntroduction自我介绍我的人名叫王明。我的生日是6月5日。我是中国人。我是个学生。我非常努力地学习。我最喜欢的科目是英语。我喜欢它是因为它很有趣。我可能会弹钢琴和吹小号，但不是很好。我喜欢游泳，我很擅长。在所有类型的电影中，我最喜欢喜剧。我觉得它们很有趣。我是我班上最好的学生之一。我的老师都说我是个好学生。他们都喜欢我，我也喜欢他们。SelfIntroduction我的朋友莎莉是我的好朋友。她今年13岁。她有很多爱好。她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。她最喜欢的科目是英语和音乐。她喜欢英语，因为她认为英语既有用又有趣。她的音乐老师，李小姐，很有趣。而李小姐则是她最喜欢的老师。她最喜欢的食物是鸡蛋和汉堡包。她喜欢蔬菜和水果，因为她认为它们是健康的食物。她最喜欢的颜色是白色、红色和蓝色。她最喜欢的运动是网球。她经常在下课后和我一起打网球。这是我的好朋友。我非常喜欢她。MyGoodFriend六．阅读拓展一Peoplespendtheir

holidayin

1

ways.Somepeoplemaygohometogettogetherwiththeirfamilymembersordosomeshopping.Othersmay

2

someplacesofinterestwithfriendsorfamilymembers.Therearesomanypeopleintheseplaces.Andthiswillbringsome

3

.Forexample,foodintheseplaceswill

4

muchmore.ButattheLaojunshanscenicspot(景点)inHenan,visitorscanhaveagoodtimeeatingthe

5

lunch.Theworkersinparksmakespeciallocalfoodforthem.Themostinterestingthingisthatvisitors

6

thedeliciousfoodwithonlyoneyuan.Theone-yuanlunchhasbeenhelpinghungryvisitorssince2017.DuringtheNationalDayholidayin2021,theworkers

made25,320bowlsoflunch.

7

theymade26,147yuan,827yuanmorethantheythought.Theyfeltquite

8

andtriedtofindthereasons(原因).

9

theyknewthatwasbecausesomevisitorswantedtothanktheseworkersfortheirhelpand

10

.1.A.different B.difficult C.special D.important2.A.find B.visit C.have D.walk3.A.ideas B.news C.orders D.problems4.A.spend B.take C.cost D.pay5.A.easiest B.earliest C.cheapest D.greatest6.A.make B.enjoy C.know D.watch7.A.But B.So C.Or D.When8.A.afraid B.worried C.excited D.surprised9.A.Usually B.Luckily C.Finally D.Quickly10.A.happiness B.kindness C.time D.practice二Msituniisagiraffe.ShewasbornattheSanDiegoZooSafariParkinCalifornia（加利福尼亚）.Therewasaproblemwithherfrontlegs.Itwasdifficultforhertostand.Shecouldn'teveneatfoodbecauseofthat.___★___TosaveMsituni,theworkersmadelegbraces(支架)tohelpsupport(支撑)herbody，buttheydidn'tworklong.Next,theyaskedDr.AraMirzaianforhelp.Mirzaianisgoodatmakingbracesforpeople.Hedidalotofworktostudygiraffesandtriedtosolvethisproblemwithacompanythatcanmakebracesforhorses.Inaboutaweek,theymadeanewpairofbracesforMsituni'slegs.Thebraceswerestrongerbutnotveryheavy.Bywearingthosebracesforjusttwomonths,Msitunicouldthenwalkonherown.Shenowcanwalkaroundeasilywiththeothergiraffes!1.What'stheproblemwiththegiraffe?A.Shecouldn'tsleepeasily. B.Shecouldn'tstandeasily.C.Shecouldn'tseeclearly D.Shecouldn'thearclearly.2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttofillintheblank“__★__”？A.Shedidn'tlikethefoodinthezoo.B.SotheworkerssenthertoazoointheUK.C.Shewouldhavediediftheworkershadn'thelpedher.D.Shestillwantedtolivewiththeotheranimals.3.Whatistherightorderofwhathappenedinthestory?a.Msitunicouldwalkonherownwithnewbraces.b.TherewassomethingwrongwithMsituni'sfrontlegs.c.Mirzaiantriedtomakean