年中考英语总复习讲法专项课件第一讲名词课件

第一讲

名词中考考点知识清单

名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词（专有名词首字母要大写）Alice，

Canada，theGreat

Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book，desk，table，bike，

plane集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，class，team，police，group类别意义例词普通名词不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass，water，air，paper，

wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger，

health，success，

interest

名词的数1.可数名词复数的变化规律#1

情况构成方法例词规则变化一般情况加-sboy→boys，bike→bikes，driver→drivers

情况构成方法例词规则变化以字母s、x、ch、sh结尾加-esbus→buses，box→boxes，wish→wishes，watch→watches,match→matches（例外：stomach→stomachs）

情况构成方法例词规则变化以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i，再加-esbaby→babies，story→stories，country→countries以f或fe结尾一般变f、fe为v，再加-esleaf→leaves，life→lives,knife→knives

情况构成方法例词规则变化以o结尾有生命的加-es，无生命的加-stomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，radio→radios，zoo→zoos，photo→photos，piano→pianos（例外：bamboo→bamboos）

情况构成方法例词不规则变化特殊名词改变内部元音字母man→men，

woman→women，policeman→policemen，foot→feet，tooth→teeth（例外：German→Germans,human→humans）

情况构成方法例词不规则变化特殊名词词尾加-renchild→children单复数同形Chinese→Chinese，sheep→sheep,deer→deer，Japanese→Japanese

情况构成方法例词复合名词变化两个名词组合而成将后一个词变为复数toothbrush→toothbrushes,pencil

box→pencil

boxes含有woman、man的复合名词，两部分都变复数man

doctor→men

doctors,woman

teacher→women

teachers2.常见的不可数名词的归纳及用法（1）常见的不可数名词#2.1类别例词食物bread面包

meat肉

beef牛肉cheese奶酪液体milk牛奶

water水

wine酒

oil油自然物体soil土壤

sand沙子

wood木头

ice冰情感joy高兴

friendship友情

peace和平类别例词学科math数学

geography地理

physics物理chemistry化学其他高频词汇advice建议

news消息

population人口knowledge知识

fun乐趣

health健康homework作业

housework家务weather

天气

information信息progress进步

wealth财富（2）不可数名词量化的表示

不可数名词的数量可用以下短语来表示：

a

bottle

of一瓶

a

piece

of

一片/张

a

cup

of

一杯

a

pair

of一副/双

短语“a

pair/piece

of+复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，中心词是pair/piece，故谓语动词用单数；若短语“two

pairs/pieces

of+复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，则中心词是pairs/pieces，谓语动词用复数。3.名词的数的判定方法（1）判定所给名词可数还是不可数#3.1可数名词的修饰语both

两个

each

每个

few

很少a

few

一些

many

很多

several几个these/those

这些/那些

neither两者都不a

couple

of

两个；几个a

（great/large）

number

of

许多不可数名词的修饰语little很少

much

很多

a

little

一点儿

a

bitof

一点儿

a

good/great

deal

of

很多a

large

amount

of大量的既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的成分some一些

any一些；任何的all

全部的

enough

足够的a

lot

of/lots

of

很多

plenty

of

充足的（2）判定可数名词用单数还是复数#3.2填单数形式的情况①a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序数词/anyother+可数名词单数②be动词单数形式或谓语动词的第三人称单数前面用单数名词③结合上下文语境或者句中对应的提示词，如：it、its等④用于某些固定短语或搭配、专有名词中，如：the

GreatWall、have

a

good

time等填复数形式的情况①these/those/不定代词（many/some/several/few/afew/both/all/other等）/大于1的基数词/one

of（+形容词最高级）/quite

a

few/a

pair

of/a

couple

of/a

（great/large）number

of/different

kinds

of/all

kinds

of+可数名词复数②可数名词复数+and+可数名词复数③可数名词复数+be动词复数形式/谓语动词原形④结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词，如：them、their等⑤通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词，如：chopsticks筷子，glasses眼镜，scissors剪刀，socks袜子，trousers裤子，等等

名词所有格1.名词所有格的构成#1类型构成方法示例有生命的名词（人或事物）一般在名词词尾加'sJenny's

bag,the

girl's

name以s、es结尾的复数名词只加'the

students'

desks,the

teachers'

office不以s结尾的复数名词加'smen's

clothes,

Children's

Day,

Women'sDay类型构成方法示例无生命的名词表示时间、距离、世界、国家等的名词在词尾加'stoday's

news,China's

capital,three

hours'

bus

ride一般情况用of

结构a

photo

of

my

family,

the

population

ofthis

country2.名词所有格的用法#2用法示例表示某人家、店铺、诊所等名称时，常在表示职业的名词或姓氏后面加上's代表场所at

Mr.

Li's

在李先生家at

the

doctor's在诊所用and连接两个并列的单数名词，并且表示共同拥有某物时，只在最后一个名词后加'sLucy

and

Lily's

bedroom露西和莉莉共有的卧室用法示例用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示分别拥有某物时，两个名词后都要加'sLucy's

and

Lily's

bags露西的包和莉莉的包双重所有格的两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词a

friend

of

my

father's我爸爸的一个朋友a

friend

of

mine我的一个朋友河北十年中考真题根据句意及所给提示完成句子。1.（2025，河北）We

take

______（turn）

to

read

the

“Good

Things”aloud.2.（2025，河北）Over

the

past

twelve

________（month），

therehave

been

many

difficult

things

in

our

family.3.（2024，河北）They

study

in

different

________（school）.4.（2024，河北）Several

minutes

later，

many

_________（child）walked

out

in

a

line.turnsmonthsschoolschildren5.（2023，河北）When

he

got

to

my

desk，

he

looked

at

my

pictureand

said，

“Wow！

I

like

those

bright_______（color）！”colors6.（2022，河北）She

plants

different

______（kind）

of

beautifulflowers

in

her

garden.7.（2021，河北）We

usually

play

_________（match）

on

Saturdaymornings.8.（2020，河北）“Mixing

is

the

most

important

of

all

the

______（step），”

she

said．kindsmatchessteps9.（2019，河北）“I

have

also

written

some

______（note）

undereach

of

these

photos，”

he

said．10.（2018，河北）Mr.

Du

said

I

could

be

a

good

example

to

my___________（classmate）．11.（2017，河北）We

have

different

_______（class）

every

day．12.（2017，河北）Every

M_______，I

go

to

the

Buddy

Club．13.（2016，河北）First，

we

decided

on

a

good

p_____

to

go，

andthen

we

talked

about

what

food

to

bring．notesclassmatesclassesondaylace中考考场实践演练Ⅰ.根据句意及所给提示完成句子或对话。1.（2025，云南）Nowadays，

thousands

of

foreign

_________（visit）come

to

China

on

vacation.2.（2025，达州）After

having

a

__________（discuss），

we

are

inagreement.3.（2025，广安）Don't

tell

your

personal

information

to

__________（strange）.4.（2025，扬州）Lots

of

people

learn

about

Yangzhou

throughclassical

_______（poem）.visitorsdiscussionstrangerspoems5.（2025，苏州）Some

_____（pet）

can

help

people

and

even

havejobs.6.（2025，德阳改编）With

the

development

of

science

and

technology，_______（robot）

using

AI

are

getting

more

attention.7.（2025，黑龙江龙东地区）Thanks

for

your

__________（invite）.But

I

have

to

take

care

of

my

younger

sister.8.（2025，黑龙江龙东地区）Chinese

people

use

twelve

animals

toname

the

year

of

a

_________（person）

birth.9.（2025，黑龙江龙东地区）The

key

to

__________（happy）

is

tosee

all

the

beauty

of

the

world.petsrobotsinvitationperson'shappiness10.（2025，达州改编）—Who

left

a

notebook

in

the

English

club？—It's

not

mine.

Maybe

it's

_______（Jack）.Jack's11.（2025，武威改编）Qian

Xuesen，

the

father

of

China's

spaceprogram，

is

one

of

the

greatest

_________（science）

in

the

world.scientists12.（2025，扬州改编）—What's

the

advantage

of

your

transportservices？—Whether

it's

by

land，

sea

or

air，

we

use

our

___________（知识）to

serve

you.knowledge13.（2025，天津改编）Daming

often

asks

his

teacher

for

_______（advise）

about

how

to

improve

his

English.14.（2024，临夏州）There

are

many

_______（sheep）

eating

grassover

there．15.（2024，黑龙江龙东地区）Last

winter

holiday，

we

met

some__________（German）

in

Harbin.

They

liked

Harbin

so

much．16.（2024，宜宾）Tony

can

see

things

more

clearly

now

with

thispair

of

_______（glass）．advicesheepGermansglasses17.（2024，眉山）—Tom！

Please

brush

your

______（tooth）carefully

twice

a

day！—OK，

I

will．teeth18.（2024，凉山州）It's

only

five

_________（minute）

walk

fromhere，

so

you

needn't

take

a

bus．19.（2024，达州）Many

_______（英雄）

lost

their

young

lives

forthe

long-lasting

peace

of

our

country．minutes'heroesⅡ.完形填空。（2025，安徽）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D

四个选项中选出最佳选项。

West

County

Mandarin

School

was

started

by

Eric

Peterson

in2017.

To

get

its

first

.

.1.

.，

Peterson

personally

introduced

the

schoolto

parents

at

the

local

shopping

centers.

From

his

efforts，

thenumber

of

students

has

increased

to

530

this

year.

“We've

seen

agrowing

.

.2.

.

in

learning

Chinese.

More

students

are

.

.3.

.

next

fall.

Weplan

to

offer

two

more

.

.4.

.，”

says

Peterson.

To

provide

students

with

cultural

experiences，

Peterson

beganorganizing

trips

to

China

in

2018.

He

has

just

.

.5.

.

from

taking

50students

on

a

cultural

tour

around

Beijing.

During

their

.

.6.

.

lastmonth，

the

students

lived

with

the

local

Chinese

families.

“TheChinese

families

are

really

.

.7.

.

and

they

treated

our

students

sowell，”

says

Peterson.

“These

.

.8.

.

open

the

students'

eyes

to

China's

rapid

development.Parents

find

them

.

.9.

.

for

their

children's

future

development.

Wekeep

costs

manageable

so

that

more

families

can

.

.10.

.

suchjourneys，”

says

Peterson.

“We're

already

planning

another

one

forthis

summer.

”#1.31.(

)

A.

students

B.

teachers

C.

cleaners

D.

cooksA2.(

)

A.

difficulty

B.

interest

C.

trust

D.

blockB3.(

)

A.

protected

B.

surveyed

C.

expected

D.

separatedC4.(

)

A.

classes

B.

websites

C.

prizes

D.

messagesA5.(

)

A.

moved

B.

hidden

C.

returned

D.

awokenC6.(

)

A.

discussion

B.

match

C.

service

D.

visitD7.(

)

A.

healthy

B.

nice

C.

professional

D.

modernB8.(

)

A.

victories

B.

interviewsC.

experiences

D.

competitionsC9.(

)

A.

sudden

B.

helpful

C.

strange

D.

naturalB10.(

)

A.

check

B.

cancel

C.

record

D.

affordDⅢ.短文填空。（2025，张家口一模改编）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。

Last

Sunday，

Andy

went

out

for

breakfast.

He

ordered

hisbreakfast

at

one

of

the

local

noodle

1.

_______（house）.

But

he

gotmuch

2.

______（much）

than

he

expected.

Andy

3.

_____________（shock）

by

what

he

found

in

his

to-go

bag（打包袋）.

“Why？

There

is

several

thousand

yuan

in

my

bag,

”

Andy

said.“Why

did

they

give

this

4.

___

me？”

Andy

didn't

know

5.