2022届甘肃省天水市一中高三上学期8月第一次考试英语试题

天水市一中2019级高三第一次考试英语试题（满分：120分时间：100分钟）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhosaysinventionsareonlymadebygrown-upsandprofessionals?Overtheyears,childrenhavealsosucceededinmakingtheirusefulcontributionstotheworld.Hereareafewinventionsthatcametolifefromthemindsofyoungchildren.HeroHelmetSeven-year-oldSamulMeyer'sinventionisaimedatstoppingpeoplefromridingtheirbikesorskateboardswithoutusingahelmet.TheHeroHelmetfeaturesaninbuiltremotethatcontrolsalockonthewheelswhichunlockswhentheHelmetisbeingwornbytherider.Samuelsays:nohelmet,nobike.RoboticEarthwormThefirstthoughtthatcomestomindis,whyaroboticearthworm?Well,ten-year-oldDavidCohenhadsomeusefulapplicationsinmind.Hebelieveditcouldbeusedtofindvictimsafteraflood,earthquakeorfire.Therobotcouldgetintosmallanddangerousplaceswheresearchdogsandhumanscouldnotgo.B.E.A.C.O.N.Fifteen-year-oldHannahHerbst'sinvention,whichstandsforBringingElectricityAccesstoCountriesthroughOceanEnergy,wasinspiredbyherpenpalwholivesinEthiopiaanddidnothaveaccesstolights.SoshecameupwithB.E.A.C.O.N,whichabsorbsenergydirectlyfromoceanwaves.Herinventionwonthe“DiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge”in2015andothernumerousawards.PortableWheelchairControllerAtonlyeightyearsold,AmeliaFoxcreatedtheinventiontohelpliftpeopleinandoutoftheirwheelchair.Thisinventionwasnotjustbornoutofthedesiretocreatesomething.Ameliadevelopedthiscontrollerforherbrother,whohadjustgothipsurgeryandneededthewheelchairtomovearound.1.Whoistheyoungestinventor?A.SamuelMeyer.B.DavidCohen.C.AmeliaFox.D.HannahHerbst.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasarescuetool?A.HeroHelmetB.B.E.A.C.O.N.C.RoboticEarthworm.D.PortableWheelchairController.3.WhydidAmeliaFoxcreatetheinvention?A.Togiveherbrotherassistance.B.Tobenefittheearthquakevictims.C.Togenerateelectricityeffectively.D.Toprotectbikeridersfrominjuries.BWhenIfirstgotthebird,itmusthaveonlyjustbeenhatched.Itsmotherhaddisappeared,leavingitaloneandshiveringinthefaceofthenorthwind.Idecidedtotakeitstraightbackandbuilditanewhome.Atthattime,wegrewagreatmanyflowersinourhouse.Nexttoonehangingorchid(兰花)Ihunganotheremptyflowerpotanditwasinthispotthatthebirdwastohaveitsnewhome.WhenDadgothome,heimmediatelydiscoveredthenewadditiontoourfamily.Withoutsayingaword,heturnedaroundandleftthehouse.Aftersometime,hereturnedandIsawthathehadahandfulofgrassandpineneedles.Obviously,DadthoughtthenestIhadmadewasfartooroughandsohehaddecidedtodecorateithimself.“Abirdbornatthistimeofyearwon’tsurvivethewinter.”Inspiteofthispredictiononthebird’sfuture,Dadverycarefullyfashionedthenesthimself.SoonIfound“NuoNuo”(Dadhadnamedhim)hadstartedtogrowfeathers.Theylookedlikesuchfinelittlehairsthatyoucouldonlynoticethemifyoulookedreallyclosely.IonlydiscoveredthembecauseeverydayIwouldcuphiminmyhandsandlookathim.Dadprobablyrealizedthathehadbeenalittlecruelinhisprediction.Yousee,hehadalreadystartedtrainingNuoNuotowalk.Asyouknow,NuoNuolivedinaflowerpot,notacageoranything.Whenhehadnothingelsetodo,hewalkedaroundhislittlehome.Thereweretimeswhenhewasabitnaughtytooandhejumpeddownontoourdiningtable.ItwasobviousthatNuoNuodidn’trealizehewasabird.Heperhapsthinkshewasoneofthefamily.Butitisnotenoughforabirdtowalk,itmustflyaswell.Dadsoonbeganattemptingtomakehimlearnthisnewability,butitwasnotaneasytask.Afterall,nobodyinourfamilyhadmasteredtheartofflying.wedidn’tevenhavewings.HowcouldweaskNuoNuotodosomethingthatwehadnomeansofdoingourselves?Theflyinglessonswentonregardless.Dadjumpedoffachair,wavinghisarmsasifhislifedependedonit,inanattempttoencourageNuoNuotoshakehiswings.Surprisingly,thisstupidactionofDad’sdidactuallyhaveaneffect.NuoNuobegantoshakehiswingsandstartedtorise.Everythingishardatthebeginning.Butseeingaswhatwehadalreadystarted,thefactthatNuoNuocouldn’tflywasnoreasonnottocontinuetrying.NuoNuolearnttoflyfinallyandhesurvivedthewinteraswell.4.Accordingtothetext,whatisthenewadditiontothefamily?A.onehangingorchid B.anotheremptyflowerpotC.thelittlebird D.ahandfulofgrass5.Whyisitnotaneasytasktomakethebirdlearntofly?A.Becausethebirdwasraisedinthecage.B.Becausethebirdwasoneofthefamily.C.Becausethefamilydidn’twanttoteachhimtofly.D.Becausethefamilydidn’thaverelevantexperience.6.What’sthefamily’sattitudetowardsthebird?ACruelB.ConsiderateC.TolerantD.Unconcerned7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Allthepredictionsmaycometrue.B.Nothingisdifficultatthebeginning.C.Everythingdeservesatrythoughhard.D.Thereisalwaysareasontodosomething.CWealltalktoourselvessometimes.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.Infact,wereallyshouldn'tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self­talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofselftalktendstobenegative.Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.Weshouldalsobequicktogiveourselvesapatontheback.Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob!”Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.Orharsh(刻薄的)andcriticallanguagewillmostlikelycausetheclerktobedefensive.Wordspossesspowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffects.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Andwerememberunkindwordssaidtous！Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves：Isittrue?Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit'sbetterleftunsaid.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself­esteem(自尊)andmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.8．Whyshouldwenotfeelembarrassedwhentalkingtoourselves?A．Talkingtoourselvesisbelievedtobegoodforourhealth.B．Itdoesharmtohave“self­talk”whenwearealone.C．Talkingtoourselveshelpsustosolvealltheproblems.D．Almosteverybodyhasthehabitoftalkingtooneself.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“giveourselvesapatontheback”mean?A．Blameourselves.B．Punishourselves.C．Talktoourselves.D．Praiseourselves.10．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Wordsalwayspossesslongpositiveeffects.B．Kindwordsaresometimesnotneededatall.C．Itisimpossibleforunkindwordstobeforgotten.D．Itisbettertothinktwicebeforetalkingtoothers.11.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheeffectofwordsinparagraph3?A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Byclassifyingdifferenttypes.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bygivingdata.DPatientsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdiseaseoftenstruggletorememberrecentlylearnedinformation,meaningtheyforgetthingslikeimportantappointmentsorwheretheylefttheirkeys.Butitseemsthatthesememoriesarenotlost.Theyarestillfiledawayinthebrainsomewhere;theyjustcan’tbeeasilyaccessed.Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimer’s.Themethodreliesonatechniquethatuseslighttocontrolgeneticallymodifiedneurons(转基因神经元).Currentlyitistooearlytobeusedinhumantrialsasitinvolvesinsertinglightemitting(发光)equipmentintothesubjects’brains,butthesameprinciplesstillapply,theresearcherssaid.“Theimportantpointisthatthisisevidenceofconcept.Thatis,evenifamemoryseemstobegone,itisstillthere.It’samatterofhowtogetitback,”saidseniorresearcherSusumuTonegawa.Theteamtooktwogroupsofmice,onegeneticallyengineeredtodevelopAlzheimer’sandonehealthy.Theythenplacedthemintoaroomandgavethemamildelectricshock.Allofthemiceshowedfearwhenputbackinanhourlater.Whenplacedintheroomathirdtimeseveraldayslater,theAlzheimer’smiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.Theresearcherswerethenabletobringbackthememoryoftheshockbyactivating(激活)thecellsinwhichthememorieswerestored.Evenwhenthemicewereputintoanunfamiliarroom,theyshowedfearwhenthecellsassociatedwiththeshockwereactivated.“Short­termmemoryseemstobenormal.Butforlong­termmemory,theseearlyAlzheimer’smiceseemtobedamaged,”saidleadresearcherDheerajRoy.“Orrather,thereisindeedanaccessproblemtotheinformation.”12．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresearchersatMIT?A．Theyarethepioneersofbrainresearch.B．Theyhaveusedthemethodinhumantrials.C．TheycancureAlzheimer’susingthenewmethod.D．TheycangetbackmemoriesinmicewithAlzheimer’s.13．Whatdoweknowaboutthelong­termmemoryoftheearlyAlzheimer’smice?A．Theycantransformtheirbraincells.B．Theycan’tlearnnewtrickswell.C．Theycaneasilygetbacktheirmemory.D．Theycan’taccesstheinformationstored.14.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirexperimentfirstlybytestingthemice?A.Bydividingthemiceintodifferentgroups.B.Bygivingthemamildelectricshock.C.Bystudyingtheirfearwhenplacingintoaroom.D.Byanalyzingtheirmemories.15．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Tointroduceamethodofaresearch.B.Toreportthelatestdiscoveryaboutadisease.C.Togiveadviceonhowtoimprovememory.D.Toexplainhowthebrainstoresinformation.第二节（共5小题；每题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容。从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项。TopTipsfortheFluSeasonIt’scoming.Icanfeelitintheair.Onthesubwayeverytimesomeonecoughs,IlookuptoseeifIcanmovealittlefurther.AsIexitthetrain,Iimmediatelyreachforhandwashtoremoveanyofthedirtonmyhands.16Ifyouareyoungandhealthy,it’smostlikelythatyouwilljustfeeluncomfortableforaweekortwo,misssomeworkorstudy.Ifyouareelderly,havemedicalproblems,orareayoungchild,youmaynotbesolucky.17Dependingontheyear,between3,000and49,000peopledie.Thebestwaytopreventthefluistogetvaccinated(接种疫苗).18However,itstilloffersconsiderableprotection.Inadults,thevaccineis59percentprotectiveonaverage.Forchildrenthestoryisbetter.Clearly,weneedbettervaccinesbutit’sstillareallygoodideatogetvaccinated.Cantheflushotgiveyoutheflu?Youmayhaveanarmpainoralittlefever,buttheinjectiondoesnotcontainalivevirusandcannotgiveyoutheflu.19Itisn’tclearhowlongprotectionlastsandifthevaccineprotectsagainstdifferentflusforonlyoneyear.Finally,hereissomeadviceforwhattodoifyougettheflu.•20•Stayathomeuntilyourfeverhasbeengoneforatleast24hours.Thatwillreducethenumberofpeopleyougivethisto.Bestwishesforahappyfluseason!Fluseasonishere,andItakeitseriously.Oftentimesgivingflushotsisfast,easyandeffective.Ifyougottheflushotlastyear,doyouneeditthisyear?Ifyouhavethesymptoms,callyourdoctortoprescribesomemedicine.Flusymptomsusuallyincludehighfever,cough,sorethroatandbodyaches.F.Eachyearmorethan200,000peoplearestayinginhospitalduetotheillness.G.Youmayhaveheardthatthefluvaccinedidn’tworkaswellaswethoughtorwouldlike.第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MattewShifrinhasbeenbuildingwithLegos(乐高积木)sincehewas5withthehelpofhisfriends.Whenheturned13,hegota21birthdaypresentfromhisfriend,LilyaFinkel.Itwasan843-pieceMiddleEasternLegopalace.Andwithitwere22thatFinkelmadespeciallyforit.Finkel23auniquenameforeveryoneofthemorethan800piecesinthepalaceset.Thenshespentcountlesshours24buildinginstructionsinBraille(盲文)thatspelledouthowto25themalltogether.Hismindwasblown.Asa26person,ShifrinhadneverbeforebeenabletocompleteaLegoset27.Shifrinknewimmediatelythathehadtohelpotherblindchildrenfindthesame28.Shifrinsays,''Forblindpeople,Legosetsactassmall3D29forreal-lifebuildingsinsteadoftwo-dimensionalphotographs.Legobricks30metoseethingsthatare31toexplorebytouch.''ForyearsafterthatincredibleLego32,hetogetherwithFinkelcreatedsimilarinstructionsforabout45otherLegosets,all33onawebsitetheycreated,''LegofortheBlind.''Shifrinbegan34theLegocompanyseveralyearsagotodiscusshiswork,butitwasin2017,whenFinkeldiedofcancer,thathefinallyconnectedwiththe35person.Hisyears-longefforts36whentheLegocompanyreleaseditsfirstaudioandBraillebuildinginstructions.Theprojectisahigh-techversionofwhatShifrinandFinkeldidfortheir37.Itcouldn’thavebeencompletedwithoutShifrin's38–orwithouthisdetermination.Hejust39Finkelhadbeenheretoseeit.''Ithinkshe'dbeverygladthatwecamethis40,''Shifrinsaid.21．A．time-saving B．life-changing C．world-shaking D．heart-breaking22．A．instructions B．rules C．skills D．requirements23．A．invented B．remembered C．mentioned D．knew24．A．getting B．practicing C．ignoring D．typing25．A．mix B．fix C．mend D．gather26．A．blind B．deaf C．poor D．rich27．A．inhisfavour B．inhisturn C．onhisown Dathisconvenience28．A．truth B．connection C．balance D．independence29．A．patterns B．designs C．replacements D．arrangements30．A．warn B．allow C．force D．trouble31．A．impossible B．dangerous C．easy D．safe32．A．experiment B．performance C．practice D．experience33．A．published B．selected C．identified D．canceled34．A．puttingupwithB.catchingupwithC.reachingoutto D.keepingawayfrom35．A．previous B．missing C．smart D．right36．A．spreadout B．blewup C．fadedaway D．paidoff37．A．company B．website C．buildings D．children38．A．encouragementB．preparation C．involvement D．recommendation39．A．predicted B．wished C．assumed D．expected40．A．long B．far C．deep D．fast第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboys41._____(admit)thattheyare“really,reallysmart.”Even42._____(bad),thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoid43._____(participate)inactivitiesforchildren44._____are“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:45._____(absolute)not.Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstant46._____(globe)communication,we47._____(see)flashesofgeniusuptonow.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)48._____gender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawriter49._____(say),futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,50._____(create),perseverance(毅力),andfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作义，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。WhenIwasakid,IconsidereddifferentjobsthatIwouldlikedo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedcoolly.Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuchatthattime.Therefore,whenIstudiedchemistryathighsc