专题10状语从句（复习讲义）（复习讲义）（原卷版）

目录TOC\o"13"\h\z\u01析·考情精解 102构·知能架构 203破·考点攻坚 3考点精讲一状语从句的分类及常见连接词 3考点精讲二状语从句常见引导词用法 3考点精讲三状语从句的省略问题 9考点精讲四并列连词与从属连词 1001析·考情精解 考纲解读及备考建议状语从句是指在复合句中充当状语成分的句子,它可以修饰谓语,非谓语动词,定语,状语或整个句子,补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。状语从句和名词性从句、定语从句一样是高考的高频考点。高考对状语从句的考查仍集中在对引导几大状语从句的连接词的考查上。做题时,要培养自己分析句子成分、判断句意及分析句间逻辑关系的能力。做题时,考生需结合所提供的语境和储备的语法知识,首先分析考查的是哪种从句,再进行连接词的判断。状语从句考点主要集中在连接词的使用上,比如until,before,since,because,as,if,when,incase等各种连接词的语义功能和语法功能。同时,注意区分状语从句和并列连词,如：and,but,or等。命题形式主要涉及完形填空和语法填空。另外,在写作中状语从句也是有效的表达手段。02构·知能架构 状语从句状语从句分类主要引导词用法2.地点状语从句1.时间状语从句3.原因状语从句4.目的状语从句5.结果状语从句6.条件状语从句7.让步状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.WhiletheteacherparaphrasedthetextinEnglish,thestudentslistenedattentivelyandtooknotes.ItwasthreedaysbeforeIcameback.Wewerehavingbreakfastasshewasbingherhair.Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Donaldwillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.Hesaidhewashappywherehewas.Ididn’tgoabrordwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.Asitissnowing,weshallnotclimbthemountain.Sincetravelingbyairismuchfaster,theydecidedtotakeaplane.Now(that)youhavepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.Theexpertspokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.LindaphonedmeinonarrivalsothatIknowshewassafeandsound.Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.Theprofessortoldussuchafunnystorythatallthestudentslaughed．Althoughtheyhavebeentalkingforalongtime,hecannotmakeherbelievehim.Ididjustasyoutoldme.

Wewereasfortunateasthem(theywere)We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.as用法时间状语从句原因状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句as表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生,从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。例如：AsIwaitedatthestop,Iheardabignoise.当我在车站等车的时候,我听到一个很大的声响。Sheroseupasheentered.当他进来时,她站了起来。as表示“因为”、“由于”,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因,主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。例如：Asshewasnotwell,Iwenttherealone.因为她身体不好,所以我独自到那里去了。Asheisatailor,heknowswhattodowiththismaterial.由于他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。让步状语从句as表示“虽然……但是……”,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,可以用though替代。例如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他是个孩子,但他知道的东西很多。Hardasitwasraining,theywentonworkinginthefield.虽然天下大雨,但他们继续在田地里干活。as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。例如：Youshoulddoastheteachertellsyou.你应当依照老师所说的去做。Theabsenceofairalsoexplainswhythestarsdonotseemtotwinkleinspaceastheydofromtheearth.空气的不存在,也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁,而不像从地球上看的那样。as表示“像……一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如：Hedoesn'tworkashardasI(do).他不像我工作那样努力。Ihopethenecklacewasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。since用法时间状语从句Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.Wehavebeenmissingthemsincetheylefthere.原因状语从句Sinceyouarenotinterested,Iwon'ttellyouaboutit.nomatter+疑问词和“疑问词ever都可以引导让步状语从句，表示”无论······；不管······都······“Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeythelaw.Whoeveryouare,youmustobeythelaw.NomatterwhenLucyes,shesaysthesamewords.WheneverLucyes,shesaysthesamewords.Nomatterhowdifficultitis,wewilltrytoovereit.Howeverdifficultitis,wewilltrytoovereit.03破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一状语从句的分类及常见连接词类别连词1.时间状语从句when,as,while(当…时),till,until,since,before,after,once(一旦),whenever,everytime(每当),thefirst/lasttime,assoonas,immediately,instantly,directly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when(一…就)2.地点状语从句where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere3.条件状语从句if,unless,aslongas,suppose/supposing(that),assuming(that),provided/providing(that)(假如,条件是),onconditionthat(条件是),incase,ifonly4.原因状语从句because,as(因为),for,since,seeing(that),now(that)(既然),given(that)(考虑到),considering(that)(考虑到,that...butthat...butthat...5.让步状语从句although,though,evenif,eventhough,as(尽管),while(虽然,尽管),whatever/whenever,nomatterwhat/when…6.目的状语从句inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfearthat(以防),lest(以防)等7.程度/结果状语从句sothat,so/such…that…8.方式状语从句as(正如…;像…),asif/asthough9.比较状语从句as...as,notas/so...as,than考点精讲二状语从句常见引导词用法1.时间状语从句(1)when,while,as的用法when的用法(含引导其它类型状语从句的用法)：________Ijumpedupwhenshecalled._______(相当于andthen,做并列连词,表示“就在这时”)。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.=Iwasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthephonerang.Hewaswalkingonthestreetwhenheranacrossanoldfriend.Ihadgoneonlyafewsteps_____Irealizedthatmygreetinghadbeenimpolite.________(相当于since,原因状语从句)。Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyou’vegotsuchagoodonealready?_______(相当于although,让步状语从句)。Theykepttryingwhentheymusthaveknownitwashopeless.while的用法：_______(相当于duringthewholetime,从句谓语为延续性动词)Whileshereadthepaper,Icleanedupthekitchen.Theyarrivedwhilewewerehavingdinner.__________(并列连词,相当于although)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.________(表示对比)(并列连词)Theircountryhasplentyofoil,whileourshasnone.as的用法：________(常用于动作发生时间较短时)Hesawherashewasgettingoffthebus._______Astheelectionapproached,theviolencegotworse.Asspringwarmsthegoodearth,allflowersbegintobloom.(2)before的用法：①表示“_____________”Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.SheshutthedoorbeforeIcouldsayaword.Wehadtoactquicklybeforethingsbeeworse.=2\*GB3②Itwillbe/was/hadbeen﹢一段时间﹢before...表示“___________”ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIeback.Itwas/hadbeenhalfayearbeforeIcameback.=3\*GB3③Itwon’tbelongbefore表示“没过多久就...”Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.(3)since的用法：since引导时间状语从句,从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。Sincehegraduatedfromthecollege,hehasworkedinthiscity.①since从句的时态若是一般过去时,相应的,主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。I___________(write)homefourtimessinceIcamehere.=2\*GB3②在“Itis/hasbeen﹢一段时间﹢since从句”句型中：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.翻译：_________________Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIstoppedsmoking.翻译：________________=3\*GB3③作介词时,since后要接时间点,不接时间段。Hehasbeenwritingthebooksincefiveyearsago.(而不是sincefiveyears)=4\*GB3④引导原因状语从句,表“既然”(见4原因状语从句)(4)until/till的用法：①until/till在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止。但在句首只能用until。Wewaitedtilltwelveandwefinallygotontheplane.②在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到才”。Ididnotbegintoworktillhehadgone.他走了后我才开始工作。Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept________thelate1980s.(2021全国乙卷)考点拓展：在强调句式里,一定要把not和until+时间状语都进行强调,做成句型Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。Itwasnotuntilyesterday________Iknewmysisterwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.Itwasnotuntiltheyhadfinishedtheworkthattheywenthome.如果把notuntil放在句首,主句要进行倒装,而从句不倒装。Notuntiltheyhadfinishedtheworkdidtheygohome.(5)once的用法：once引导的从句可以表示时间和条件。下面一句有两种意义：Onceyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.=Assoonasyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.(时间)=Ifyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.(条件)(6)“一…就…”的用法：除用assoonas外,还可用theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.ThemomentIhavefinishedI’llgiveyouacall.Nosoonerhadhearrived__________sheleft.Hardlyhadhesatdown__________thephonerang.(7)副词短语用作连词的用法：everytime,eachtime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,anytime等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。Nexttimeyouein,pleaseclosethedoor.Hedidn’ttellmeanythinglasttimeIsawhim.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句在句子中作状语,表示地点,主要由where,wherever,everywhere等引导。特别是where的用法,意为“在…的地方”。注意：此时where≠介词+which。Sitwhereveryoulike.Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlyweled.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.考点拓展：注意区别用where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。用where引导定语从句,前面一定要有先行词,而用where引导地点状语从句前面没有先行词。填空：1.Putthemedicine________yourchildrencan’treachit.2.Iwillfollowyou___________yougo.3.Ifoundmywallet_______Ihadleftit.4.________thereisawill,there’saway.判断从句类型：5.You’dbetterleavethebooksattheplacewheretheywere.__________从句6.You’dbetterleavethebookswheretheywere.___________从句3.条件状语从句条件有真实和非真实条件两种,这里只讨论真实条件状语从句。(1)if和unless①if表示正面的条件,意为“如果”；unless表示负面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”(if...not)。对于涉及unless的考题,关键要读懂句意,弄清语境。Ifhedoesn’tebefore12o’clock,we__________(notwait)forhim.Ishallgotomorrowunlessit__________(rain).Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinion________hewantstheirsupport.②providing,provided(that),suppose/supposing(that),onconditionthat,assumingthat等意思相近,表示“假如”(比if更为书面化)。Providingthatitsnowstomorrow,weshallplaysnowballs.(2)incase①引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果,万一；以防”。IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.如果我忘了,请提醒我。②incaseof是介词,后接名词,意为“万一,假如”,inthecaseof意为“就...来说”。Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.翻译：________________________________Inthecaseofthelivingconditions,theworkersaresatisfiedatpresent.翻译：__________________________(3)onlyif和ifonlyonlyif引导的从句用陈述语气,意为“只要...”；ifonly引导的从句要用虚拟语气,意为“但愿...要是...就好了”。Onlyifwepersistincarryingouttheopendoorpolicy________weachievegreatersuccess.Ifonlythatphotograph_______________(notmiss)!要是那张照片没丢该多好！4.原因状语从句(1)because,since,as和for用法①because,as,since均表“因为”,“由于”。because语气最强,as语气较弱,since的语气最弱。因此,why引导的特殊疑问句必须用because回答,because引导的从句还可以用于强调结构。Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodup.Sinceyouaregoing,Iwillgo,too.②for可引出表示原因的分句,但它是并列连词,不能放在句首。所起的功能只是一种补充性的说明以作为推断的理由。Hemustbetired,forhewenttobedearly.(2)seeing(that),nowthat,considering(that),inthat和giventhat也可以用来引导原因状语从句。Nowthatyouareoldenoughtojudgethings,youshouldstartyourowncareer.Theoryisvaluableinthatitcanprovideadirectionforpractice.理论所以有价值,就在于它能给实践指出方向。Consideringthatweneededtogettheroofrepaired,Ithinkwepaidtoomuchforthehouse.Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,westilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.5.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句主要由连词although,though,as,eventhough,while,whether…or等引导。Ihadaverygoodtime,although/though/eventhoughIdidn’tknowanybodyattheparty.Whiletherewasnoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.Wewillgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsornot.(2)让步状语从句也可以由连词however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,nomatterwho,nomatterwhat,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow等引导。Wherever/Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwouldkeepyoupany.(3)as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装,将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前,作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时,该名词前不可加冠词；若提前的是动词或分词,谓语要补加助动词do,does,did或will等。though引导的让步状语从句,除了用于自然语序外,也可像as一样使用。但although引导的让步状语从句必须用正常语序。Kingas/thoughhewas,hewasunhappy.Successfulas/thoughheis,heisnotproud.Muchas/thoughIlikeParis,Icouldn’tlivethere.Losemoneyas/thoughIdid,wegotalotofexperience.考点拓展：though和although不能和but连用,如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义,可在主句前加yet,still或nevertheless。Althoughshehasalotofmoney,yetsheisunhappy.考点拓展：注意辨别名词性从句和让步状语从句。=1\*GB3①连接代词whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever引导名词性从句,连接代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。whatever相当于anythingthat,whoever相当于anyonewho,whomever相当于anyonewhom。②从属连词whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever,whichever引导让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwhat(who,how,when,where,which)。6.目的状语从句(1)sothat和inorderthat①这两个连词短语都表示“为了,以便”。sothat从句一般放在主句的后面。inorderthat从句既可放在句首,也可放在主句之后。②如果表示“为了；以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,就可用inorderto或soasto取代该目的状语从句。判断对错:Shewentdowntowninordertobuysomeclothes. ()Heexplaineditagainandagainsoastounderstand.()(2)forfearthat和incaseforfearthat和incase引导目的状语从句时,都表示“以防”。incase后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气,但也可用陈述语气；forfearthat后的目的状语从句一般要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形)。Takeanumbrellawithyouincase/forfearthatitshouldrain/rain.(3)目的状语从句常用情态动词may(might),shall(should),can(could)和will(would)。IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.7.结果状语从句(1)so...that和such...that区别：so为副词,修饰形容词或副词,不可修饰名词；such是形容词,修饰名词。 Hemadeaspeech_______inspiringthateverybodygotexcited.Hehad_______manythingstodothathewasbusyalldaylong.Hemade_______aninspiringspeechthateverybodygotexcited.Itwas_______fineweatherthattheywentoutforapicnic.考点拓展：当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。Socleverastudent________hethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.Such________theforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.注意：so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句与so/such...as...引导的定语从句的区别。=1\*GB3①so/such...that...引导结果状语从句时,that在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用。Itissuchamovingfilmthatweallwanttoseeit.这是一部如此感人的电影以至于我们都想看。=2\*GB3②so/such...as...中,as引导定语从句,as在从句中作主语或宾语。Itissuchamovingfilmasweallwanttosee.这是一部感人的、我们都想看的电影。(2)sothat既可以引导结果状语从句,也可以引导目的状语从句,主要区别是：目的状语从句中的动词前要有may(might),can(could),should和would等情态动词,表示某种可能性；而结果状语从句则不用,表示的是客观事实。引导结果状语从句的sothat前常有逗号,而引导目的状语从句的sothat前一般不用逗号。判断从句类型：Sheleftearly,sothatshecaughtthetrain.(_____________从句)Sheleftearlysothatshecouldcatchthetrain.(_____________从句)8.方式状语从句(1)as和justas这两个连词的意思是“如...,犹如...,正如...”。justas比as的强调性更强。IwilldoasIamtoldto.Theywatchedherclosely(just)asacatwatchesarat.他们严密地监视她,就好像猫盯着老鼠那样。(2)as

if和asthough两者意义相同,从句可以用陈述语气,表示可能符合事实的情况,也可以用虚拟语气,表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况。词义相同,“好像,仿佛”。Itseemsasif/thoughit’sgoingtorain.ShetreatsmeasifIwereherbrother.9.比较状语从句as...as...;notso/as...as...;thesame...as...表示相同程度的比较,肯定句用as...as...,否定句可用notas...as或notso...as。HenryisasdiligentasPeter(isdiligent).Johnisnotastalkativeasheusedtobe.(2)than表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。BillistallerthanBob(is).(3)the＋比较级,the＋比较级,表示“越……就越……”Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked.as和than①as和than引导的比较状语从句常常省去同主句相同的部分,只留下相比的部分。BillistallerthanBob(is).Iknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).②as和than连接的从句中,常用替代词do或其他助动词或情态动词的某种形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。JackworksashardasJimdoes.Iboughtfewerbooksthanyouwould.考点精讲三状语从句的省略问题(1)如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时,而且状语从句谓语中有be动词,可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。Hefellasleepwhile(hewas)doinghishomework.(2)当状语从句中含有itis时,可以将itis省略。etomorrowif(itis)possible.(3)在虚拟条件句中,若含有should,had或were时,可将if省略,但必须把should,had,were放在主语的前面。Hadhearrivedhereintime,hewouldhaveseenMr.Smith.WereIabird,Iwouldflynow.Shouldyouworkitoutintwodays,youwouldgethired.即时训练：If______(give)thesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.When____________(plete),themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.Once________(catch)stealingattheshop,youwillbedismissed.Mothermovedherlipsasif__________(speak).Youcanleavetheworkshopearlier____________(必要的时候).Pleasegetherebefore6:00a.m.___________(如果可能的话).考点精讲四并列连词与从属连词分类连词意义例句注意表并列and和,又,而Imakethepaymentsandkeeptheaccounts.表并列notonly...butalso...不但…而且…Notonlyisthatproblemveryimportant,but(also)itisverydifficulttosolve.Notonlyyoubut(also)Iamtoblame.TheGreatWallismadenotonlyofbricksandstonesbutoffleshandbloodoftheworkingpeople.(1)放在句首时,如果连接一个分句,表示强调,这时要用倒装句；若连接两个主语则不用倒装。(2)连接两个主语,谓语动词的形式采用就近原则。(3)连接一个句子的相同的句子成分。表并列aswellas也,又Ateachershouldentertainaswellasteach.Yourbrotheraswellasyouisverykindtome.Weshouldknowaboutwhyweshoulddoitaswellashowtodoitinlearning.(1)连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)与汉语语序不尽相同。它所强调的是前者。表并列both...and..既…又…Bothmybrotherandmysisterrantohelpme.表时间when就在那时Wewereabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.IwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop.相当于andthen,atthattime,justthen,一般置于第二个分句句首,时态多用过去时。表转折but但是Heisold,buthelooksyoung.but表示转折时,不能与从属连词although/though/as/inspiteof/despite出现在同一个句子中。表转折yet然而Hegotupearly,(and)yethefailedtocatchtheearlybus.表转折however可是,尽管如此Heknewwhathewanted,however,hedidn’tknowhowtogetit.However,we’lllookintothematter.可置于句首、句中、句末,常用逗号与分句隔开。表转折nevertheless但是Shewasverytired,neverthelessshekeptondoinghomework.表因果so因此Itwasratherlate,sowedecidedtogohome.Shecoughedbadly,(and)soshewenttoseeadoctor.不能与because,since,as同时用在同一个句子中,so指由很清楚的原因导致的结果。表因果for因为,由于Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisstillwet.只能放在句末,用逗号隔开,表示推断的理由,是一种补充说明的原因。表因果therefore因此Hebrokethelaw,therefore,hewasputintoprison.为正式的书面用语。指通过严密的推理而得出的结果。表因果thus因此,所以Sheworkedhard,thusshepassedtheexam.指更严密的推理,也指直接的结果。表对比while而Somepeoplelikehotfood,whileotherslikesweetfood.表对比whereas然而Theywanttobuyanewhouse,whereaswewouldratherliveintheoldhouse.表选择or,orelse,otherwise或者Hurryup,or/orelse/otherwiseyouwillmissthetrain.Dowhatyou’vebeentold,otherwiseyouwillbepunished.Iwasasbusyasabee,otherwise/orIwouldhavehelpedyou.or常用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”,这种句型同样适用于orelse和otherwise。表选择either...or...要么…要么…Eitheryouorheisright.连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。1.(2024年新高考I卷改)I’veetoacceptthat__________goalsIsetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.2.(2024年新高考II卷改)IliketravelinginFrance,but__________itcametopickingmyfavoritespottosettle,Italywastheclearwinner.3.(2024年新高考II卷改)__________theycouldneverhavemet,therearemonthemesintheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.4.(2024年浙江卷1月改)Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamilysizethisandmultibuythat.However,__________you’reshoppingforone,buyingextratobenefitfrompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.5.(2