新文科大学英语 课件 Unit 8 Dialog among civilizations

新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArts8UnitDialogamongcivilizations新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:identifykeyChineseinnovationsandtheirglobalimpact;summarizethehistoricalandcontemporaryimplicationsofinterculturalcollaboration;usehistoricalreferencestostrengthenyourargument;designavirtualexhibitonChina’sroleinintercivilizationaldialog.Learning

objectives新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsCONTENTSUnlockingthetopicViewingtoknowReadingtoexploreBuildingyourlanguageTellingChina’sstoriesSettingthesceneWhatdriveshumanprogress–individualbrilliance,nationalpower,orthequietflowofideasacrosscultures?Whenwetracethespreadofinventionsandphilosophies,wearerediscoveringanancienttruth:Nocivilizationthrivesinisolation.Thisprocessofmutuallearning,knownasintercivilizationalexchange,haslongshapedtheworldwelivein.Yetsomestoriesofexchangearerememberedwhileothersareforgotten.Whosecontributionshavebeenoverlooked?Andwhatisyourgeneration’sroleincontinuingthisglobaldialog?SettingthesceneTopromoteinterculturaldialog,UNESCOisholdingavirtualexhibitionentitled“TheInvisibleThreadsofHumanProgress.”YouarethecuratoroftheChinaPavilionintheexhibit.HowwillyoudesignthepaviliontoshowcaseChina’sancientwisdomthatconnectedcivilizationsandshapedthemodernworld?HowwillyouusethepaviliontopresentcontemporarySino-Westernpartnershipscollaboratingtofindsolutionstoglobalchallenges?ScanthecodeandcompletetheknowledgeactivationexerciseonUcampus.Workingroupsanddothegroupdiscussionactivity.

Part1

To17th-centuryFranceIfyoucouldtime-travelto1600sFrancewithonemodernChineseitem,whatwouldyoubringandwhy?

Part2

TomodernChinaIfyouwerea1600sFrenchpersoncomingtotoday’sChina,whatEuropeanartifactwouldyoubringtoimpressus?ReferenceanswersPart1:To17th-CenturyFranceIwouldbringafinelymadesilkscarfwithtraditionalChineseembroidery,featuringsymbolslikethephoenixandthepeony.In17th-centuryFrance,silkwasalreadyaluxury,butmostpeoplehadneverseensuchdelicateembroideryfromtheEast.Bysharingthisscarfwithnoblesorartists,IcouldshownotjustthebeautyandskillofChinesecraftsmanship,butalsothestoriesandvaluesbehindeachpattern.ItmighteveninspirenewtrendsinEuropeanfashion.Moreimportantly,itwouldsparkcuriosityandrespectforadifferentculture,openingthedoortodeeperunderstanding.ReferenceanswersPart2:ToModernChinaIwouldbringahand-paintedmapoftheworldmadebya17th-centuryFrenchgeographer.Ibelieveitreflectsearlyglobalcuriosityandpeople’sdesiretounderstanddistantcultures.Suchamapwouldimpresspeopletodaynotwithitsaccuracy,butwiththemindsetbehindit:theopennesstoexploretheunknown.ItcouldencourageChinesepeopletoreflect:HowdidtheworldonceseeChina?Howdidweseeourselvesthen?IthighlightsChina’slastingroleinworldhistoryandshowsthatpeoplehavealwayslookedtoconnectacrosscultures.orientalist

n.

东方学专家FrançoisBernier

弗朗索瓦·贝尼耶（法国思想家）sinologist

n.

汉学家René

Étiemble

勒内·艾田蒲（法国思想家）Voltaire

伏尔泰（法国哲学家）Montesquieu

孟德斯鸠（法国思想家）Tocqueville

托克维尔（法国历史学家）Wordbank

Howdid17th-centurythinkersbridgeEasternandWesternphilosophies?Watchthevideoclipandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyouhear.(Withsubtitles)(Withoutsubtitles)Culturalenthusiasm:Itemslike1)_________,tea,anddramascaptivatedpeopleacrossallsocialclasses.Rethinkingpersonalconductand2)_______________:EuropeanphilosophersturnedtoChinaforinsights.The17th-centuryEuropeanfascinationwithChinaFrenchorientalstudiesFrançoisBernierprovidedthefirstcomprehensiveEuropeanintroductionto3)_____________.PorcelainConfucianism stategovernanceVoltairenotedthatConfuciusexplainedhisphilosophyonlythrough5)_________________.Montesquieupointedoutthatobservationof6)______wasthekeytoChina’ssuccessinrunningthestate.TocquevilledepictedtheFrenchenthusiasmforChina.TheLatinworkConfuciusSinarumPhilosophusintroduced4)__________________________toEurope.FrenchEnlightenmentthinkersChinesethoughtsandculturerites(beneficial)reasonFromEuropetoChina:Knowledgeof7)__________,calendars,geography,geometry,etc.expandedthescientificperspectivesoftheChinesepeople.FromChinatoEurope:China’saccomplishmentsinphilosophy,literature,mathematics,medicine,and8)_____________exertedaninfluenceonEuropeanthinking.Sino-Europeanintellectualexchangearchitectureastronomy

Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)DuringtheSpringandAutumnperiod(770to476B.C.[E.])inChinesehistory,KingGongofChuKingdomwentouthuntingandlostafinebow.Hisattendantswantedtosearch,butKingGongconsidereditunnecessary,sayingsurelyaChupersonwouldfinditsinceitwaslostinChuterritory.Uponhearingthis,ConfuciussaidthatitwasaPitythatKingGongwasnarrow-minded:WhyshoulditbesomeonefromChu?

Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)Whenreadingthisstory,the17th-centuryFrenchorientalistFrançoisBernierwasdeeplymovedbyConfucius’humanisticspirit.HelaterincludeditinhistranslatedworknamedConfucius,orTheScienceofthePrinces,thefirstcomprehensiveintroductioninFrenchtoConfucius’wordsandConfucianisminEurope.

Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)Inthe17thcenturyEuropewitnessedagrowingwaveoffascinationwithChina.PeoplecollectedandusedChineseporcelain,drankChineseteaandwatcheddramasonthemesrelatedtoChina.FromKingstonoblesandtocommoners,allwerecuriousandfondofthemysterious,affluentandelegantcountryintheEast.

Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)Beyondtheologywhatelsecanbereliedontoguidepersonalconductandstategovernance?ManyFrenchandEuropeanphilosopherslookedeastwardtoChina.Againstthisbackdropawaveofnewbooksemerged,exemplifiedbytheLatinworkConfuciusSinarumPhilosophus,systematicallyintroducingChinesethoughtsandculturetoEurope.

Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)RenownedFrenchsinologistRené

ÉtiemblenotedinhisbookChineseEuropethataround1700anyoneengagedinphilosophicalthoughtinEuropeinevitablyhadtoconsiderChinaandcontemplateitsideas.HavingspentoveradecadeintheEast,Bernieralsofeltthistrend.Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)IntheprefaceofConfucius,orTheScienceofthePrinces,BernierdescribedthebookasthekeyorintroductiontoreadingConfucius.HehopedthisbookwouldserveasamirrorforFrenchmonarchs,helpingthembuildstategovernanceonthebasisofmoralityandrationality.WhilediscussionsonChinawereheatingupinEurope,Bernierpassedawaybeforethepublicationofthebook.However,hismanuscriptwaspreservedintact,becomingaprecioustestamenttoSino-Europeanexchanges.Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)VoltairerecordedundertheentryonChinainhisbookPhilosophicalDictionarythatConfuciusinterpretssolelythroughbeneficialreason,enlighteningmindswithoutdazzlingtheworld.MontesquieupointedoutinTheSpiritofLawthatConfucianthoughtadvocatedgoverningacountrywithrites,statingthatitwasintheexactobservationoftheseritesthattheChinesegovernmenttriumphed.InhisworkTheOldRegimeandTheRevolutionTocquevilledescribedtheenthusiasmofsomeFrenchthinkersforChina.Scripts(HistoricalimprintofSino-Frenchcivilizationdialog)Greatcivilizationshavealwaysbeeninclusiveandreceptivetodiverseculturesandideas,neverceasingtheirexchangeswithandlearningfromtheoutsideworld.ThiswastrueforChinaandEuropeoverthreecenturiesago.Knowledgeofastronomy,calendars,geography,geometryandmorefromEuropeenteredChina.Meanwhile,China’sachievementsinphilosophy,literature,mathematics,medicineandarchitecturealsoreachedEurope.ThisexchangeleftgenuineimpressionsonbothendsoftheEurasiancontinent,andwrotedownahistoryofequalcommunication,mutuallearninganddevelopmentamongdifferentcivilizations.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.HowdidChineseintellectualachievementsinareassuchasphilosophy,literature,mathematics,ormedicinecontributetotheEnlightenment?HowwasChina’sgovernanceinfluencedbyEnlightenmentthinkers?ReferenceanswersChineseintellectualachievementshadasignificantyetoftenunderrecognizedinfluenceontheEuropeanEnlightenment.Inphilosophy,JesuitmissionarieswhotraveledtoChinainthe1600swrotedetailedreportsaboutConfucianideas,moralteachings,andhowtheChinesegovernmentchoseofficialsbasedontalent.ThisgaveEnlightenmentthinkerslikeVoltaireanewwaytoimaginesociety–notoneruledbybirthright,butbytalent.HeevendescribedChinaasanexampleofanenlightenedstate.ReferenceanswersInliterature,thoughonlypartiallytranslated,ChinesestoriesandartisticstylesstillinspiredEuropeanwriters.Forexample,VoltairewroteaplaycalledL’OrphelindelaChine(TheOrphanofChina),basedonafamousChinesedramafromtheYuanDynasty(1271-1368).Inmath,JesuitsbroughtbackChineseknowledgelikecalendarsystemsandsymbolicthinking.Forinstance,LeibnizwasespeciallyinterestedintheancientChinesetextIChing,whosebinary-likesymbolsremindedhimofthebinarycodehewasworkingon.ReferenceanswersInmedicine,knowledgeofpracticeslikesmallpoxinoculationinChinamayhavehelpedpavethewayforitsacceptanceinEurope.Chinesearchitecture,especiallyitsfocusonharmonywithnature,hadagreatimpactonEuropeangardendesignduringtheEnlightenment.Thenaturalcurves,windingpaths,andintegrationofbuildingsintothelandscapefoundinChinesegardensimpressedEuropeanpeople.Thesedesignelementsmarkedabreakfromthemorerigid,geometriclayoutscommoninEuropeatthetime.ReferenceanswersEnlightenmentthinkershadalastingimpactonChina’sgovernance.Ideaslikereason,progress,andreformshowedupatseveralkeypointsintheChinesehistory.InthelateQingDynasty,Chinafacedbothinternalturmoilandforeignthreats.InspiredbythinkerslikeMontesquieuandRousseau,reformerssuchasKangYouweiandLiangQichaoarguedthatChinahadtoadoptaconstitutionalmonarchyandmodernlawstosurvive.TheHundredDaysofReformwasadirectoutcomeoftheseideas.ReferenceanswersAftertheRevolutionof1911(theChinesebourgeoisdemocraticrevolutionledbyDr.SunYat-senwhichoverthrewtheQingDynasty),theearlyRepublicofChinatriedtoembracemoreWesternprinciples.LeaderslikeSunYat-senpromoteddemocracyandconstitutionalrule,blendingEnlightenmentidealswithChina’sowntraditions.Thoughthecountrystruggledwithpoliticalinstability,EnlightenmentthinkinghelpedshapethedirectionofChinesegovernance.ReferenceanswersTheMay4thMovementin1919(ananti-imperialist,anti-feudal,politicalandculturalmovementinfluencedbytheOctoberRevolutionandledbyintellectualshavingtherudimentsofCommunistideology)madeEnlightenmentvaluesevenmoreinfluential.ManyyoungintellectualsstartedtoquestionoldConfucianvaluesandcalledforamoremodern,rationalwayofthinking.Theyadvocatedfordemocracy,science,andsocialreform,believingthatprogressandreasonwerethekeystoabetterfuture.v新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsReadingtoexploreReading

2Reading

1Pre-readingItissaidthatthefourgreatmoderninventionsarehigh-speedrailway,sharedbikes,onlineshoppingandmobilepayment.Accordingtoyourpersonalexperience,pleasebrieflyexplainthefourgreatmoderninventions.ReferenceanswersWithhigh-speedrail,peoplecantravelfromBeijingtoShanghaiwithin5hours,whichmakestravelfasterandmoreconvenient.Byscanningthecodeonthesharedbikes,peoplecanridethemtogotoplacesnearby,likefromtheworkplacetothesubwaystation,withoutworryingabouttrafficjams.Theabovetwotrafficinventionshavehelpedsavealotoftime.ReferenceanswersIntermsofmobilepayment,peopleuseappslikeAlipayorWechatpay.ByjustscanningaQRcodewiththeirmobilephones,themoneyispaiddirectlyandquickly.Asforonlineshopping,peoplecanchooseandbuythings,includingclothes,food,furniture,booksandetc.onlinewithoutleavinghomeandthingswillbedelivereddirectlytotheirdoor.Thesetwoinventionshashelpedshapeacashlesslifeforcitizens.ReferenceanswersTosumup,asthesymbolsofChinesescienceandtechnology,thefourgreatmoderninventionshavelargelyimprovedpeople’slivingqualityandhelpedsocialprogress.StructureanalysisThereare13paragraphsinthereadingpassage.Pleasematchtheparagraphswithitsmainidea(A-E).A:ConfrontingtheWestern-centricnarrativesB:AparadigmshiftaimingatbuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindC:ThehiddensynthesisbetweenEasternandWesterncivilizationsanditsrootcause

D:InnovationsandtechnologiesoriginatedfromChinaE:ThecallforsolidifyingcivilizationaltiesParas.1-2:CParas.3-7:DParas.8-9:AParas.10-12:CParas.13:ESilkstringsincivilizations’symphony1

Oneofthegreatestuntoldsecretsofhistoryisthatthe“modernworld”isauniquesynthesisofEasternandWesterningredients.Manyinventionsanddiscoverieswhichrepresentthefoundationsofthe“modernworld”comefromtheEast,particularlyChina.Andyetnoteveryoneisawareofthis.Why?2Therootsofthiscollectiveamnesia

rundeep.Fromthe17thcentury,theChinesebecameincreasinglydazzledbyEuropeantechnologicalexpertise.Whentheywereshownamechanicalclock

byJesuitmissionaries,theChinesewereawestruck,notrealizingthatMonkYixingandLiangLingzanhadalreadyinventedthewater-poweredarmillarysphereduringtheTangDynasty(618-907).3Whenwesurveythefoundationsofmodernity,manyaresurprisedtolearnthatmodernagriculture,modernshipping,themodernoilindustry,modernastronomicalobservatories,modernmusic,decimalmathematics,papermoney,umbrellas,fishingreels,multistagerockets,underwatermines,parachutes,hot-airballoons,mannedflight,thegameofchess,andprintingallcamefromChina.TheseinnovationsbecametheinvisiblescaffoldingofWesternprogress.4Withouttheimportationofnauticalandnavigationalimprovementssuchasships,rudders,thecompass,andmultiple

mastsfromChina,thegreatEuropeanvoyagesofdiscoverymightneverhavebeenundertaken.

ColumbusmightnothavesailedtotheAmericas,andtheEuropeansmightneverhaveestablishedcolonialempires.5WithouttheintroductionofgunsandgunpowderfromChina,theknightswouldnothavebeenknockeddownfromtheirhorsesbybulletswhichpiercedthearmor,bringingtheageofchivalrytoanend.6WithouttheimportationofpaperandprintingfromChina,Europewouldhavecontinuedtocopybooksbyhandformuchlonger.Literacywouldnothavebecomesowidespread.7Thepatternextendstoscientificbreakthroughs.WilliamHarveydidnotdiscoverthecirculationofbloodinthebody.ItwasdescribedinHuangdiNeijing(YellowEmperor’sInnerCanon)between475-221B.C.E.inChina.IsaacNewtonwasnotthefirsttodiscoverthelawofinertia.ItwasrecordedinMohistclassicMozibetweenthe5thand3rdcenturiesB.C.E.inChina.JohannesGutenbergdidnotinventmovable-typeprinting.ItwasinventedbyBiShenginthe11thcenturyinChina.8ThesemythsandmanyothersareshatteredbyourdiscoveryofthetrueChineseoriginsofcountlessinnovationswetakeforgranted.Althoughitisthroughimprovementthatmanyofourgreatestachievementshavebeenrealized,theyarefundamentallyinspiredbyancientOrientalwisdom.Sowhyareweignorantofthisgigantic,obvioustruth?9Western-centricnarrativeshavedominatedglobaldiscourseforcenturies,portrayinghumanprogressasdrivensolelybyWesternachievementswhileomittingEasternandothercivilizationalcontributions.WhatwenowthinkofasWesterncivilizationisactuallyacombinationofphilosophicalheritagefromtheGreeks,religionsfromtheMiddleEast,andscientificideasborrowedfromtheArabsandtheChinese.WesternalphabetscanbetracedtothePhoenicians,andthenumbersusedintheWestarecalled“Arabicnumerals”becausetheywerepassedonfrommathematiciansinBaghdad,whogotthemfromtheIndians.TheconstantincorporationofdifferentperspectiveshascontributedtothecurrentstrengthoftheWesternworld.10Yetthetideisturning.Intheeraofmultipolarity,Chinaisrevivingthememoryofasharedhumanlegacy.TheBeltandRoadInitiative,farfrombeingmerelyacollectionofinfrastructureprojects,hasbecomealivinglaboratoryforcivilizationaldialog.Alongitsancientroutes,archaeologistsfromChinaandEgyptworktogethertodocumentandanalyzeancientcoffins,whileItalianrestorersworksidebysidewithChineseexpertstopreserveancientfrescoes–tangibleproofthatknowledgeflowsreciprocallybetweenEastandWest.11

Thisparadigmshiftfindsitsintellectualanchorinthevisionofbuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.WhenChina’sJadeRabbitroverstraversedthelunarlandscapewithcommunicationsupportfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency,orwhentheBeijingWinterOlympicsmergedChineseculturalelementswithglobalsportingtraditions,wewitnessedcivilizations’grandsymphonyunfolding.Here,silkstringsstretchacrosstime–threadsoftheancientSilkRoadnowwovenintothemusicofprogress,whereEastandWestplayinharmony.Throughcontinuousexchange,thesestringsgrowstronger,weavingashareddestinywhereunderstandingresonateslikeanenduringmelody.12Perhapsmostsignificantly,thedigitalnativesofGenerationZinstinctivelyembracethisinterconnectedheritage.WhenyoungChinesescientistsastonishtheworldwiththeirachievementsinartificialintelligenceandsharetheircodewiththeworld,theyembodythespiritofcollaborationandknowledgeexchangedescribedinthe1940sbyJosephNeedham,whobelievedthattheEastandWestare,andhavebeenforseveralcenturies,intimatepartnersinthebusinessofbuildingaworldcivilization.ItisnowrecognizedthattheEastandtheWestarenotasfarapartastheymayseem.Theyarealreadycombinedinasynthesissopowerfulandprofoundthatitisall-pervading.Withinthissynthesis,weliveourdailylives,andfromit,thereisnoescape.13Aswestandatthishistoricalinflectionpoint,thetruemeasureofourerawillbewhetherwecansolidifythesecivilizationalties.Wemustensurethatfuturegenerationsinheritnotjustfragmentednationalhistories,butthecompletechronicleofhumankind’sco-creation.Whenthathappens,ChineseandWesternerswillbeabletolookeachotherintheeyeandseeeachotherastrueandfullpartners–notthroughtheerasureofdifferences,butthroughrecognitionoftheirsharedDNAinthemodernworld’sfabric.BackgroundinformationTheBRIcomprisesaSilkRoadEconomicBelt–atrans-continentalpassagethatlinksChinawithSoutheastAsia,SouthAsia,CentralAsia,RussiaandEuropebyland–anda21stcenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,asearouteconnectingChina'scoastalregionswithSoutheastandSouthAsia,theSouthPacific,theMiddleEastandEasternAfrica,allthewaytoEurope.BRIisaninspirationfromtheconceptoftheSilkRoadestablishedduringtheHanDynasty2,000yearsago–anancientnetworkoftraderoutesthatconnectedChinatotheMediterraneanviaEurasiaforcenturies.TheaimofBRIistoconnectAsiawithAfricaandEuropevialandandmaritimenetworksalongsixcorridors.The

BeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)definesfivemajorpriorities:Policycoordination;Facilitiesconnectivity;Unimpededtrade;Financialintegration;People-to-peoplebond.mechanicalclock

n.[C]机械钟water-poweredarmillarysphere

n.[C]水运浑天仪（天象演示和时间度量仪器）astronomicalobservatoryn.[C]

天文观测台decimalmathematicsn.[U]

十进制数学armor

n.[U]metalorleatherclothingthatprotectsone’sbody,wornbysoldiersinbattlesinpasttimes（旧时士兵在战斗中穿的）盔甲thelawofinertia

n.[U]惯性定律；牛顿第一定律movable-typeprinting

n.[U]活字印刷Phoenician腓尼基人（古代西亚地区的民族）Arabicnumeraln.[C]

阿拉伯数字BeltandRoadInitiative“一带一路”倡议tangibleproofn.[C,U]

确凿证据digitalnativen.[C]

数字原住民collectiveamnesia“Collectiveamnesia”means“asharedorwidespreadforgettingamongagrouporsociety(集体遗忘).”e.g.Thenationseemedtosufferfromcollectiveamnesia,forgettingtheharshlessonsofthewar.rundeep“Rundeep”means“tobedeeplyembeddedorstronglyfeltoveralongtime([感情或信仰]根深蒂固).”e.g.Herloveforherhometownrunsdeep,evenafterhavinglivedabroadformanyyears.Therootsofthiscollectiveamnesiarundeep.[Meaning]:Weallforgotthis,andithappenedalongtimeback.scaffoldingOriginally,“scaffolding”refersto“asetofpolesandboardsthatarebuiltintoastructureforworkerstostandonwhentheyareworkingontheoutsideofabuilding(脚手架).”Inthissentence,itisusedmetaphoricallytomean“somethingthatprovidessupportorafoundationfordevelopmentorprogress(支撑物).”e.g.Theoutlineactedasscaffolding,supportingstudentsthroughthecomplexessay-writingprocess.TheseinnovationsbecametheinvisiblescaffoldingofWesternprogress.[Meaning]:TheseinventionsquietlysupportedthedevelopmentofWesterncivilization,evenifpeopledon’tusuallynoticethem.[Notes]:Thissentenceusesthemetaphorof“scaffolding”todescribehowtheseinnovationssupportedWesternprogressbehindthescenes.Justlikephysicalscaffoldingholdsupabuildingduringconstruction,theseinnovationsprovidedahiddenbutessentialframeworkthatenabledgrowthanddevelopment.Thisvividmetaphorhelpsreadersunderstandthecrucialyetoftenunnoticedroleoftheseinnovationsinhistory.ruddern.[C]aflatpartatthebackofashiporaircraftthatcanbeturnedinordertocontrolthedirectioninwhichitmoves（船或飞机的）方向舵mast

n.[C]atallpoleonwhichthesailsorflagsonashiparehung船桅；桅杆Withouttheimportationofnauticalandnavigationalimprovementssuchasships,rudders,thecompass,andmultiplemastsfromChina,thegreatEuropeanvoyagesofdiscoverymightneverhavebeenundertaken.[Meaning]:IftheseChinesemaritimetechnologieshadn’tbeenintroducedtoEurope,theAgeofExplorationmightnothavehappened.[Structure&Grammar]:ThesubjunctivemoodinEnglishshowshypotheticalorunrealsituations,especiallyinconditionalsentences.Sometimes,theconditionisimplied,notdirectlystated.Thephrase“Withouttheimportation...”actsasanimpliedconditionalclause,equivalentto“IftheseinventionshadnotbeenimportedfromChina...”.Themainclauseusesthepastunrealconditionalform:“mightneverhavebeenundertaken”indicatingahypotheticalresultthatdidnotoccur.ColumbusmightnothavesailedtotheAmericas,andtheEuropeansmightneverhaveestablishedcolonialempires.[Structure&Grammar]:Thissentenceusespastmodalverbswithperfectinfinitives(“mightnothavesailed,”“mightneverhaveestablished”)toexpressunrealpastpossibilities.Western-centricnarrativen.[C]

西方中心叙事narrativeTheword“narrative”isusedhereasanoun,meaning“astoryoraparticularwayofexplainingorpresentingeventsandideas(叙述；讲述；叙事方式).”Inthissentence,“narratives”referstothedominantexplanationsorviewpointsthatshapethewayhistoryorprogressisunderstood.e.g.Thenationalcurriculumpromotesahistoricalnarrativecenteredoninnovationandunity.globaldiscourse“Globaldiscourse”refersto“worldwidecommunication,discussion,ordominantwaysofthinkingaboutkeyissues(全球话语；全球讨论).”“Discourse”suggestsmorethanjusttalk–itincludessharedlanguage,ideas,andperspectivesthatinfluencehowpeopleunderstandtheworld.e.g.Climatechangehasbecomeacentralissueinglobaldiscourse.Western-centricnarrativeshavedominatedglobaldiscourseforcenturies,portrayinghumanprogressasdrivensolelybyWesternachievementswhileomittingEasternandothercivilizationalcontributions.[Meaning]:Foralongtime,theglobalunderstandingofprogresshasbeenshapedmainlybyWesternviewpoints.TheseviewsdescribehumanprogressassomethingcreatedonlybytheWest,whileignoringtheimportantcontributionsmadebyEasternandothercivilizations.livinglaboratory“Livinglaboratory”refersto“anorganizationorexperimentalspace,thatcanbebothvirtuallyorphysicallylocated,bringingdifferentstakeholdersfromresearch,business,government,andcitizenstogethertodesignandtestsolutionstobeimplementedinarealworldenvironment(实景实验室).”Inthiscontext,itmetaphoricallydescribestheBeltandRoadInitiativeasaspacewhereculturesinteractandexchangeideaslikeexperimentsinareal-worldlab.e.g.Thecityhasbecomealivinglaboratoryfortestingsustainableurbandesign.paradigmshiftn.[C]

范式转变“Paradigmshift”refersto“afundamentalchangeintheunderlyingassumptionsorapproachofasystemorbelief

(范式转变[系统中的基本假设或方法的根本性变化]).”e.g.TheriseofAIhascausedaparadigmshiftinhealthcarediagnostics.intellectualanchorn.[C]

思想基础；理论支撑“Intellectualanchor”refersto“astrongandfundamentalideaorprinciplethatprovidesstabilityandsupporttoalargerconcept(思想基础，理论支撑).”e.g.Enlightenmentthinkingservedastheintellectualanchorofmoderndemocracies.Thisparadigmshiftfindsitsintellectualanchorinthevisionofbuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.[Meaning]:Thisnewwayofthinkingisba