焦点06阅读理解之说明文-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）大师课堂之题型特训面面到（安徽）

焦点06阅读理解之说明文备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到【题型解析】一、题型分布与命题特点1.文体占比与词数​•说明文在安徽中考中高频出现，近6年考查12次，占比约50%。•词数范围通常为170260词，生词量04个，注重专业术语的适度引入（如环保、科技类词汇）。2.高频话题预测​•科技与生活：人工智能应用（如智能家居）、新能源技术（如太阳能电池）。•社会热点：环保议题（塑料污染治理）、传统文化保护（非遗技艺数字化）。•跨学科融合：结合历史（考古新技术）、地理（生态保护）等背景知识。3.题型设计趋势​•细节理解题（占比40%）：侧重数据、步骤、因果关系（如实验步骤顺序）。•推理判断题（占比35%）：需结合上下文逻辑链推导结论（如现象原因解决方案推导）。•图表结合题：可能出现流程图、对比表格辅助说明，需图文对照。•主旨与段落大意题：要求归纳核心观点或段落中心。二、核心能力考查方向1.信息整合能力​•需从多段落提取关联信息（如“原因影响对策”三要素）。•例：通过实验数据推导结论时，需排除干扰项（如偷换概念或过度引申）。2.批判性思维​•评估信息可靠性（如辨别数据是否支持结论）。•例：区分客观陈述与主观评价（如“surprisingly”暗示意外结果）。3.长难句解析​•含多重从句或被动语态的句子需拆分主干（主谓宾），关注逻辑标志词（如however,therefore）。三、高频题型解析与技巧1.细节理解题​•策略：•关键词定位法：圈出题干中的专有名词、数字等，在文中定位同义替换句。•词汇转换法：注意同义词、反义词替换（如“reducepollution”→“decreaseemissions”）。•例题：Island...sectionwaslaunchedfromHainanIsland..."→关键词“launched”对应“sentup”。2.推理判断题​•策略：•逻辑链推导：根据段落首尾句及逻辑词（如forexample,however）推断隐含意义。•排除干扰项：警惕偷换概念（如将“部分案例”结论推广为普遍规律）。•例题：abilities...hunusualabilities...havedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchanges."→推断人类需保护环境。3.词义猜测题​•策略：•上下文线索：通过例句、因果关系或构词法（如前缀“bio”表“生物”）推测词义。•代入验证：将选项代入原文，检查是否符合逻辑。•例题：work...geloomneedstwopeopletowork..."→“loom”指织布机。4.主旨与标题题​•策略：•首尾段定位：首段点明主题，尾段总结意义或呼吁行动。•排除片面选项：选择覆盖全文核心的答案（如避免仅描述过程的选项）。•例题：philosophy...esChinesephilosophy...differentfromotherheromovies."→主旨为文化创新。四、备考建议1.强化结构分析训练​•分类练习总分式、递进式说明文，标注段落逻辑词（如firstly,moreover）。•拆解长难句模板（如“Although.........”句式的主从关系分析）。2.积累高频主题词汇​•科技类：innovation（创新）、sustainable（可持续的）、efficiency（效率）。•环保类：recyclable（可回收的）、emission（排放）、biodiversity（生物多样性）。3.限时模拟与错题复盘​•每篇说明文限时78分钟，记录错题类型（如推理题错误率）。•分析错题原因：如逻辑词误判、专业术语理解偏差。五、2026年命题展望•新增题型可能性：可能出现“实验报告解读”或“数据图表分析”类说明文，需关注科学探究类文本。•跨文化视角：结合“一带一路”或“非遗申遗”等时事，考查文化类说明文。通过针对性训练与策略优化，考生可有效应对2026年安徽中考说明文阅读理解，提升信息整合与逻辑推理能力。建议结合历年真题（如2023年A篇关于健康饮食、B篇关于湿地保护）进行模拟练习，强化薄弱环节。AWhenyoubuildahouse,youuseablueprint.What’sablueprint?Ingeneral,ablueprintisadrawingthatshowshowtoputahousetogetherwithmanydifferentparts.DNAistheblueprintoflife.Butbuildingalivingthingisfarmoreplex(复杂的)thanbuildingahouse.IttakesmillionsofyearsfornaturetochangetheDNAinlivingthingstomakethemfittheworldtheylivein.Howtallareyou?Whatcolourareyoureyes?Whatsizeareyourfeet?AllthesethingsarestronglyinfluencedbyyourDNAbeforeyouareborn!DNAisfantastic·Exceptforsometwins,everylivingthinghasitsownspecialDNA．·SomehealthproblemscanbecausedbyproblemsinyourDNA．Scientistscanlookfortheseproblemsandsometimeshelpyoubeforeyoubeesick.Inthefuture,scientistsmightbeabletochangeyourDNA．·TherearecopiesofyourDNAineverypartofyourbody.Forexample,yourfingerhasthesameDNAasyourhair.·YouhaveyourownspecialDNA,butitrepeatspatternsfromyourparents’DNA．FromyourDNA,scientistscanidentify(识别)notonlyyou,butalsopeoplewhoarerelatedtoyou.Yourparentsandgrandparentsarerelatedtoyou,andyouhavetheirDNA．Whenyouhaveagrandsonorgranddaughter,heorshewillhaveyourDNA．YourDNAhasbillionsofinstructionsthatexplainwhyyouarethewayyouare.It’soneofthemostamazingthingsontheearth.1．WhatisDNA?A．It’sahouse. B．It’sablueprint.C．It’sablueprintoflife. D．It’sadrawingoflife.2．WhichofthefollowingisnotinfluencedbyDNA?A．People’slanguage. B．Thecolorofpeople’seyes.C．Thesizeofpeople’sfeet. D．People’sheight.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．It’spossibletochangeyourDNAnow.B．EverylivingthinghasitsownspecialDNA．C．ScientistscanidentifyyoufromyourDNA．D．HealthproblemscanbecausedbyproblemsinDNA．【答案】1．C2．A3．C【难度】0.4【知识点】科普知识、说明文【导语】本文将DNA比作“生命的蓝图”，生动解释了DNA的核心作用——影响人的身高、眼睛颜色等生理特征，同时介绍了DNA的独特性、在人体中的分布、与遗传的关系及相关科学应用，展现了DNA的神奇之处。1．细节理解题。根据“DNAistheblueprintoflife”可知，DNA是“生命的蓝图”。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Howtallareyou?Whatcolourareyoureyes?Whatsizeareyourfeet?AllthesethingsarestronglyinfluencedbyyourDNA”可知，身高、眼睛颜色、脚的大小均受DNA影响。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“FromyourDNA,scientistscanidentifynotonlyyou,butalsopeoplewhoarerelatedtoyou”可知，科学家能通过DNA识别你。故选C。BThelastWednesdayofAprilisInternationalGuideDogDay.Thedayalwaystellsushowdifficultitistotravelwithaguidedog.Althoughguidedogscangotopublicplacesnow,XuJian,ablindwoman,stillfacesmanydifficulties.“EverytimeIgoout,ittakesalotoftimetotellothersthatmydogisaguidedog,”shesays.Xuwentblindwheninprimaryschool,butshestudiedhardandfoundagoodjobaftersheleftschool.In2016,XuappliedforaguidedogattheChinaGuideDogTrainingCenterinDalian.Afterwaitingforoverayear,sheweledDaimengintoherlife.TheDaliancenterstartedtrainingdogsin2006andtheworkershavetrainedabout400guidedogsinthepastyears.Trainingguidedogsisquitedifferentfromkeepingpetdogs.Theworkersfeedandplaywithyoungdogsfirst,andthentheytrainthemforaboutoneyearandahalf.Agoodguidedogshouldnotgetexcitedorscaredeasily.Andifadogdoesn’tenjoythejobasaguidedog,theworkerswillstoptrainingit.Usually,aguidedogworksfor6to10years.Afterthat,theyareusuallyadopted(收养)bytheworkers,theusersortheirfamilies.1．WhenwasInternationalGuideDogDayin2025?A．On7thApril B．On24thApril C．On27thApril D．On30thApril2．WhydoesthewritergiveXuJian’sexample?A．Totellastory. B．Toshowthedifficultyoftravelingwithaguidedog.C．ToshowXu’slovefordogs. D．TodescribehowXufelteightyearsago.3．Whichdogcouldbeagoodguidedog?A．Pipi,whoisexcitedallthetime. B．Happy,whoisreallyfriendly.C．Mantou,whoisafraidofpeople. D．Juzi,whodislikesbeingaguidedog.【答案】1．D2．B3．B【难度】0.4【知识点】人与动植物、说明文【导语】本文主要介绍了国际导盲犬日以及中国导盲犬训练中心训练导盲犬的情况。1．细节理解题。根据“ThelastWednesdayofAprilisInternationalGuideDogDay.”可知，2025年4月30日是星期三，因此是4月的最后一个星期三。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Thedayalwaystellsushowdifficultitistotravelwithaguidedog.”及第二段徐健的例子可知，作者通过徐健的例子说明携带导盲犬出行的困难。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Agoodguidedogshouldnotgetexcitedorscaredeasily.”可知，好的导盲犬不应轻易兴奋或害怕，因此友好的Happy可能成为好导盲犬。故选B。CCelebrities(名人)areeverywherenowadays:onTV,inmagazines,online.Peoplethinkandtalkaboutthemalot.Isthisharmlessfunorisitbadforus?Howmanypeoplearetrulycrazyaboutmodernidols(偶像)?Andontheothersideofthecoin,isbeingfamousharmfultothecelebrities?Studiessuggestthatmostoftheteenagersdonotreallyidolizecelebrities.Researchershavefoundthreekindsoffans.About15%ofyoungpeoplehaveasocialinterest.Theylovechattingabouttheirfavoritecelebritieswithfriendsandthisdoesnotappeartodoanyharm.Another5%feelthattheyhaveastrongpersonalrelationshipwithacelebrity.Sometimestheyseethemastheirsoulmates(心灵伴侣)andfindthattheyareoftenthinkingaboutthem,evenwhentheydon’twantto.Thesepeopleareeasytofeeldepressed.Ifgirlsinthisgroupidolizeawomanstarwithabodytheyconsidertobeperfect,theyaremorelikelytobeunhappywiththeirownbodies.Thatleaves2%ofyoungpeoplewithanunreasonableinterest.Theymightspendseveralthousandpoundsonapaperplatethecelebrityhadused,ortheywoulddosomethinglawbreaking.Thesepeopleareinmostdangerofbeingseriouslyupset.Whataboutthecelebritiesthemselves?SomeresearchersintheUSAdidastudytofindouttheeffectofbeingfamousonthesepeople.Thestudyshowedcelebritiesshowedofftoomuchandtheywereverynarcissistic(自恋的).Theresearcherslookedat200celebrities,200youngadultswithhigheducation,whowereagroupknownforbeingnarcissistic,andsomegeneralpopulation.Astheresearchersexpected,thecelebritiesweremuchmorenarcissisticthanthepeoplewithhigheducationandbothofthesetwogroupswerealotmorenarcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.Fourkindsofcelebritieswereincludedinthestudy.ThemostnarcissisticweretheoneswhohadbeefamousthroughrealityTVshows.Nextcameedians(喜剧演员),andthenactors.Theleastnarcissisticweremusicians.Oneinterestingresultwasthattherewasnoconnectionbetweennarcissismandthelengthoftimethecelebrityhadbeenfamous.So,whatcanwelearnfromthis?Mostpeoplewhoareverysuccessfulorfamousareusuallyselfcenteredandarelikelytoactonlyfortheirownbenefits.Aswecanseefromcelebritymagazines,theyalsooftenfeellonelyandevenhopeless.Theymakeharmfulrolemodels.1．Theunderlinedword“depressed”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”.A．sad B．afraid C．pleased D．hopeful2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Mostfansofcelebritieswanttobeefamous.B．Talkingaboutcelebritiesdoesharmtoteenagers.C．Narcissismincreaseswiththelengthoftimeofbeingfamous.D．Onlyasmallgroupofteenagersarecrazyaboutcelebrities.3．What’sthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Tomakepeopleunderstandcelebritiesbetter.B．Toshowhowmuchteenagersidolizecelebrities.C．Toparedifferentgroupsofpeoplewithcelebrities.D．Todiscourageteenagersfromtakingcelebritiesasidols.【答案】1．A2．D3．D【难度】0.4【知识点】观众与粉丝、青少年问题、说明文【导语】本文探讨了青少年对名人的崇拜现象及其影响，分析了不同类型的粉丝行为，并指出名人自恋倾向的危害性，最终呼吁青少年理性看待偶像崇拜。1．词句猜测题。根据第3段“Thesepeopleareeasytofeeldepressed…theyaremorelikelytobeunhappywiththeirownbodies”可知，这类粉丝因过度迷恋名人而容易产生负面情绪，结合“unhappy”可知，depressed与“sad（悲伤）”意思相近。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据数据“Thatleaves2%ofyoungpeoplewithanunreasonableinterest. Theymightspendseveralthousandpoundsonapaperplatethecelebrityhadused,ortheywoulddosomethinglawbreaking.”可知，仅少数青少年对名人疯狂。故选D。3．主旨大意题。结合末段“Theymakeharmfulrolemodels”及全文对名人负面影响的论述，作者旨在劝诫青少年勿盲目崇拜。故选D。DTodaywetalkaboutsomeEnglishexpressionsthatremindustobehealthyandhaveahealthylifestyle.Hereisoneaboutplanningyourday:“Theearlybirdgetstheworm.”Thismeansthepersonwhoarrivesfirsthasthebestchanceofsuccess.Itcanalsomeanthepersonwhogetsupearlybeforeanyoneelsewillbemorepreparedfortheday.Personally,Iliketogotosleepearlyandwakeupearly.Butwhatifyou’reanightowlandnightisyourbesttimetobesmartatwork?Wakingupreallyearlywouldnotbeagoodidea.Weallneedgoodsleeptobehealthy.Wealsoneedtoeatwell.Wehavesomeexpressionsthatremindustoeathealthily.Hereisone:“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Itmaysoundthisway—ifyoukeepeatingapples,youwillbehealthier.Butsometimesweusethisexpressionasasimpleremindertoeathealthily,notjustapples.Afterall,“Youarewhatyoueat.”Thissayingalsoremindsustoeathealthily.Andsometimesitisusedtocriticize(批评)someone’spoorfoodchoices.Someyoungpeoplemayeattoomuchjunkfood—theymightgetsickmoreeasily.Gettingenoughsleep,exercising,andeatinghealthyfoodallincreaseyourchancesofgettingacleanbillofhealth.“Acleanbillofhealth”isanothermonhealthrelatedexpression.Itisadecisionbyadoctorthatsomeoneishealthy.Itisfuntolearntheseexpressions,isn’tit?Youcanfindmoreinterestingexpressionsinyourdailylife.1．Whatdoesthewritermainlytalkaboutinthetext?A．Somewaystohaveahealthylifestyle. B．SomewaystolearnEnglishexpressionsC．SomeEnglishexpressionsabouthealth. D．Somewaystoeatwell.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anightowl”meaninthetext?A．Anowlwhoappearsatnight. B．Apersonwhoworkslateatnight.C．Apersonwhogetsupearlyinthemorning. D．Apersonwholikesowls.3．YourfriendPeterlikeseatingmanyhamburgersandfries.Whichofthefollowingmayappearinaconversationwithhim?A．Theearlybirdgetstheworm. B．Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.C．Youarewhatyoueat. D．It’sacleanbillofhealth.【答案】1．C2．B3．C【难度】0.65【知识点】语言与文化、说明文、意见/建议【导语】本文主要讨论了与健康相关的英语表达。10．主旨大意题。根据“TodaywetalkaboutsomeEnglishexpressionsthatremindustobehealthyandhaveahealthylifestyle.”可知，全文围绕多个与健康相关的英语表达展开，故选C。11．词句猜测题。根据“Butwhatifyou’reanightowlandnightisyourbesttimetobesmartatwork?”可知，划线词后提到了“晚上是你在工作中表现聪明的最佳时间”，因此划线词指的是“深夜工作的人”。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据题干处的“YourfriendPeterlikeseatingmanyhamburgersandfries.”可知，Peter常吃汉堡薯条，“Youarewhatyoueat.”这条谚语可以用来提醒健康饮食，用此表达可委婉提醒他饮食不健康。故选C。A（2025·安徽·中考真题）Relationshipswithyoursiblings(兄弟姐妹)canhelpyoupracticesocialskills.Havingagoodrelationshipwiththemcanhelpyoumunicatewithotherpeople,andunderstandotherpeople’sfeelings.Youcanevenlearnthingswhenyoudon’tgetonwithyoursiblings.Whenyouhaveargued(争吵)withthem,youhavetoworkouthowtobeinthesamespaceasthem.Asaresult,youoftenlearnhowtoacceptdifferences.Itisveryusefulintheoutsideworld.It’spletelynormal(正常的)thatsometimesyouandyoursiblingwon’tseeeyetoeye.“Haveagoodthinkaboutwhythetwoofyoudon’tgeton.Trytotalkwhenyoubothcooldown,”saysDr.Owen,aresearcherinnewchildrendevelop.“Tellthemhowyoufeel.Youcouldsay,‘Itreallyhurtsmewhenyoumakejokesaboutme.’Ifthetroublecarrieson,talktoatrustedadult(成年人).”Allfamiliesaredifferent.Whatifyoudon’thavesiblings?Thatdoesn’tmeanyouwon’texperiencetheadvantagespeoplegetfromhavingabrotherorsister.Therearewaystohelponlychildrendeveloptheseskillstoo.1．Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Advantagesofhavingsiblings. B．Causesofarguingwithothers.C．Practicesofacceptingdifferences. D．Waysofbuildingrelationships.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“seeeyetoeye”inparagraph2mean?A．Jokewitheachother. B．Hearfromeachother.C．Agreewitheachother. D．Learnfromeachother.3．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutnext?A．Whyallfamiliesaredifferent. B．Whenwecantalktoatrustedadult.C．Whatisimportantformunication. D．Howonlychildrendevelopsocialskills.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【难度】0.4【知识点】说明文、家庭关系、意见/建议【导语】本文主要探讨了与兄弟姐妹相处对社交能力的积极影响，包括沟通技巧、情感理解及解决冲突的能力培养，并指出独生子女也可通过其他方式获得类似发展机会。1．段落大意题。根据“Relationshipswithyoursiblings(兄弟姐妹)canhelpyoupracticesocialskills.”可知第一段开篇提出核心观点，即“和兄弟姐妹的关系可以帮助你练习社交技巧”，随后通过好关系和坏关系的具体例子，集中阐述拥有兄弟姐妹在沟通能力、理解他人及接受差异等方面的优势。由此可知，第一段主要介绍了拥有兄弟姐妹的好处。故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据“It’spletelynormal(正常的)thatsometimesyouandyoursiblingwon’tseeeyetoeye.”和“Haveagoodthinkaboutwhythetwoofyoudon’tgeton.Trytotalkwhenyoubothcooldown”可知，此处指兄弟姐妹间的不合，既出现不同意对方看法的情况。因此seeeyetoeye意为“同意彼此的看法”。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据“Therearewaystohelponlychildrendeveloptheseskillstoo”可知，文章结尾明确指向独生子女发展社交技能的方法，预示下文将展开此话题。故选D。B（2024·安徽·中考真题）DennisHongandhisstudentsdesign(设计)humanlikerobots.ThisincludesacookingrobotcalledProjectYORI.YORIisonlythelatestofHong’srobotinventions.There’sDAVID,theworld’sfirstandonlycarthatcanbedrivenbytheblind.AndSAFFiR,atwoleggedrobotthatcandodangerousworkthathumansareoftenunabletodo.Hongisfindingplentyofworkforhisrobots.Whenhewasaskedabouthisbiggestsuccess,HongchosetherobotcalledDARwInOP.Hethoughtitwasoneofthemostwidelyusedhumanlikerobotsforresearchandeducation.Hong’steammadeDARwIn’sdesignfreeforanyonetouse.Theyhaveseenmanyprojectsusingthedesign.Andtheyconsideritagifttotheroboticsmunity.“Manypeopleonlywanttoseeoursuccessesandnotthefailuresthatcamebeforethose,butfailureissimplyasteppingstoneindevelopingnewtechnology.Ifyou’retooafraidoffailure,thenyouonlygettowalkonthesaferside,andthenthere’snoinnovation(创新),”saidHong.“Itellmystudentstotrybreakingtherobot.Iftherobotdoesn’tfallanddoesn’tbreak,wedon’tgettolearnanything.”1．WhichrobotisthemostrecentinventionbyDennisHong’steam?A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwInOP.2．WhatisspecialaboutDARwInaccordingtothetext?A．Itstechnologyisthelatest. B．Itisapopularrobotfortheblind.C．Itisthefirsthumanlikerobot. D．Itsdesignisfreeforanyonetouse.3．WhatdoesDennisHongencouragehisstudentstodo?A．Walkonthesaferside. B．Domoreforeducation.C．Keeptryingandlearning. D．Avoidmakingmistakes.【答案】1．A2．D3．C【难度】0.4【知识点】发明与创造、说明文【导语】本文主要介绍了丹尼斯·洪和他的学生设计的类人机器人。1．细节理解题。根据“DennisHongandhisstudentsdesign(设计)humanlikerobots.ThisincludesacookingrobotcalledProjectYORI.”可知，YORI是丹尼斯·洪的团队最近发明的。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Hong’steammadeDARwIn’sdesignfreeforanyonetouse.”可知，它的特殊之处在于它的设计对任何人都是免费的。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据“Ifyou’retooafraidoffailure,thenyouonlygettowalkonthesaferside,andthenthere’snoinnovation(创新)”和“Itellmystudentstotrybreakingtherobot.Iftherobotdoesn’tfallanddoesn’tbreak,wedon’tgettolearnanything.”可推断出，丹尼斯·洪鼓励他的学生不断尝试和学习。故选C。C（2024·安徽·中考真题）Duringtheirbusylives,peopledonotpaymuchattentiontotheexpirydates(有效期)onthefoodintheirfridges.Asaresult,alotoffoodisforgottenaboutandwasted.However,accordingtoarecentresearch,beingawareof(意识到)whatyouthrowawaycanhelpyouwasteless.Theresearchersmeasured(计量)foodwastefrom154familiesacrosstheUK.Halfofthesefamiliesintheresearchwereaskedtolistthefruitsandvegetablestheyhadboughtandtheirexpirydates.Thefamiliesstuckthelistonthefridgedoorandreceivedatextmessageeverydaytellingthemtocheckit.Theotherhalfdidnothavetomakealistanddidnotreceivetextmessages.Overasixweekperiod,allthefamilieswereaskedtomeasuretheirfoodwasteattheendofeachweek.Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatmakinglistsandgettingtextsmadelittledifferencetohowmuchfoodwaswasted.However,eachfamilyintheresearchwastedlessfood—about0.1kiloaweek.Theresearcherscarriedontheresearchforsixmonths,andfoundthatallthefamiliescontinuedtowastelessfood.Thisshowsthatjustmeasuringfoodwasteencouragespeopletopaycloserattentiontoitandthrowlessaway.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto(指的是)?A．Theresearch. B．Thelist. C．Thedoor. D．Themessage.2．Whatisintroducedinparagraph3aboutthesixweekresearch?A．Itspurpose. B．Itsmethod. C．Itssteps. D．Itsresults.3．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle(标题)forthetext?A．MeasureFoodWastetoStopIt B．PayAttentiontoWhatYouBuyC．ChecktheFoodBeforeStoringIt D．GiveThoughttoYourBusyLife【答案】1．B2．D3．A【难度】0.4【知识点】说明文、节约与浪费【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于减少食物浪费的研究。1．推理判断题。根据“Thefamiliesstuckthelistonthefridgedoorandreceivedatextmessageeverydaytellingthemtocheckit.”可知，这些家庭把食物清单贴在冰箱门上，并且被要求每天检查。故此处it指代上文中提到的“清单”。故选B。2．细节理解题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了研究的结果。故选D。3．最佳标题题。根据“Thisshowsthatjustmeasuringfoodwasteencouragespeopletopaycloserattentiontoitandthrowlessaway.”及全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于食物浪费的研究，研究发现，只要监测食物浪费情况就可以减少食物的浪费，故文章最佳标题是“MeasureFoodWastetoStopIt”。故选A。A（2025·安徽亳州·二模）InChina,Sanfuarethehottestandwettestdaysoftheyear.ThesedaysareusuallyfrommidJulytolateAugust,includingToufu,ZhongfuandMofu.Chinese“Fu”hasthemeaningof“hiding”.Sothecharacterisalsoasuggestionforpeopletostayathometo“hide”fromtheheatoutdoorsinsummer.DuringSanfu,peopleusuallyfeelunfortable.SomanyChinesepeoplefollowdifferenttraditionalwaystodealwiththeheatandstayhealthy.Nowlet’shavealookatsomecustoms(习俗)ofspendingthesedays.PeopleinChangsha,usuallyeatroosters(公鸡)duringToufu.Localpeoplebelievethateatingroosterscanclearthewetinthebody.InthesouthofShandongProvince,peoplealwaysdrinkmuttonsoupduringSanfu.Itissaidthatmuttonwhichishotinnaturecanreducethecoldinbody.AnothertraditionalcustomisdrinkingFuTea.Itisaspecialnaturalherbal(草药的)tea.Underthehightemperatures,peopleoftenfeelhot,angry,andgetsickeasily.DrinkingFuTeacanreducethesedisforts.However,Sanfuareveryimportantforcrop(庄稼)growth.Farmersarebusywithfarmingtomakesurethehealthygrowthofcrops.1．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?A．BylistingreasonsforspendingSanfu. B．BytellingatruestoryofSanfu.C．ByexplainingthemeaningofSanfu. D．BygivingsuggestionstospendSanfu.2．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“reduce”?A．增加 B．生产 C．聚集 D．减少3．HowdoChinesepeopledealwiththeheatduringSanfu?①Stayathome

②Eatspecialfood③Drinknaturalherbaltea

④DosomefarmworkA．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④【答案】1．C2．D3．A【难度】0.4【知识点】中华文化、说明文、礼仪与习俗【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三伏天以及三伏天的习俗。1．细节理解题。通读第一段可知，本段主要解释了三伏天的定义、时间及“伏”的含义，未涉及原因、故事或建议。故选C。2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Itissaidthatmuttonwhichishotinnaturecanreducethecoldinbody.”可知，据说羊肉性热，可以减少体内寒气。由此可推测，下划线单词“reduce”的中文意思是“减少”。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sothecharacterisalsoasuggestionforpeopletostayathometo‘hide’fromtheheatoutdoorsinsummer.”；第三段中“PeopleinChangsha,usuallyeatroosters(公鸡)duringToufu.”和“InthesouthofShandongProvince,peoplealwaysdrinkmuttonsoupduringSanfu.”以及第四段中“AnothertraditionalcustomisdrinkingFuTea.”可知，人们三伏天时在居家避暑，食用特殊食物如公鸡和羊肉汤和伏茶。故选A。B（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）Timecapsules(胶囊)aresmall,safecollectionsofobjectsorinformation.They’reliketimetravelingboxes,allowingfuturepeopletounderstandpastlives.Theyusuallyincludenewspaperarticles,musicrecordings,andphotos,offeringhistoriansgreathelpinstudyingpastsocieties.TaketheDetroitCenturyBoxasanexample.OnDec31,1900,Detroitputsomephotosandlettersintoabox,whichwassettoopenonDec31,2000.Whenopened,itshowedaclearpictureofDetroitin1900.Therewerepicturesofpeopleandlocalplaces,andsomelettersevenincludedfuturepredictions(预测).OnepersonpredictedDetroit’spopulationwouldreach4millionby2000,butinfact,itwasonlyabout951,000thatyearaccordingto.Humanshavealsosenttimecapsulesintospace.In1977,theUSsenttheVoyagerGoldenRecordsontheVoyagerspaceship.Filledwithsoundsandpictures,theystandforthediversity(多样性)ofhumanlifeandculture,includingBeethoven’smusicandviewsofnature.It’shopedthataliens(外星人)mightdiscoverthemandlearnaboutussomeday.1．Whatcanbefoundintimecapsules?A．Small,safecollectionsoftravelling.B．Newspaperarticles,recordingandphotos.C．Boxesoftreasuresfromthepastsocieties.D．Messagesandobjectsfromaliens.2．WhyweretheVoyagerGoldenRecordssentintospace?A．Toexplorethesolarsystem. B．ToshowoffAmericantechnology.C．Toletalienslearnabouthumanlife. D．Tofindnewplanetsintheouterspace.3．WhatcanwelearnfromthewrongpredictionaboutDetroit’spopulation?A．Peopleinthepastwerebadatmath. B．Thefutureisdifficulttopredictexactly.C．Detroit’spopulationwillnevergrow. D．Thetimecapsulewasn’tsuccessful.【答案】1．B2．C3．B【难度】0.4【知识点】科普知识、说明文【导语】本文介绍了时间胶囊，它是小型安全的物品或信息集合，能帮助后人了解过去，还列举了底特律世纪盒和旅行者金唱片的例子。1．细节理解题。根据“Theyusuallyincludenewspaperarticles,musicrecordings,andphotos”可知，时间胶囊里通常有报纸文章、音乐唱片和照片。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“culture...hsoundsandpictures,theystandforthediversity(多样性)ofhumanlifeandculture...It’shopedthataliens(外星人)mightdiscoverthemandlearnaboutussomeday.”可知，旅行者金唱片被送入太空是为了让外星人了解人类生活。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据“OnepersonpredictedDetroit’spopulationwouldreach4millionby2000,butinfact,itwasonlyabout951,000thatyear”可知，过去对底特律人口的预测与实际不符，说明准确预测未来是困难的。故选B。C（2025·安徽合肥·三模）Underawarmlamp,37yearoldRuanXiyuecarefullycarves(雕刻)achild’sfaceontoasmalleggsizedgourd(葫芦).Herskilledhandsmoveslowly,bringingthesmallartworktolife.GourdcarvingisafamoustraditionalartinLanzhou,thecapitalofGansu.Withahistoryofover1,000years,itbeganduringtheWeiandJinwhengourdswereusedaswinepotsontheSilkRoad.Later,peoplestartedpaintingandcarvingonthem,turningitintoaspecialcraft(手艺).BytheMingandQing,ithadbeeawayforartiststomakealiving.RuanXiyueesfromafamilyofgourdcarvers.Forover80years,fourgenerations(一代人)havekeptthistraditionalive.Shehaspracticedformorethantenyears,Unliketheoldergenerations,Ruanpreferssimplepictures.Shebelievestraditionalartshouldbepartofdailylife.“Peopleshouldenjoyitathome,notjustinmuseums,”shesays.Tointerestyoungpeople,Ruanaddsmoderntouchestoherwork,suchascartooncharactersandshealsomakescreativeproductslikemirrors,bags,andteacans.Asaresult,manystudentsnowvisithertolearngourdcarving,withover1,000visitorseachweek.Ruan’smother,RuanLin,alsohelpsbysharingtheartontheInternettoreachmoreyounglearners.“Cultureneedseveryone’seffort,”shesays.Together,theyprovethattraditionalartcanstayalivebyconnectingwithmodernlife,passingbeautyfromgenerationtogeneration.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto(指的是)?A．TheSilkRoad. B．Thegourd. C．Gourdcarving. D．Thewinepot.2．WhichwordbestdescribeRuanXiyueaccordingtothetext?A．Strict. B．Doubtful. C．Creative. D．Worried.3．Inwhichpartofanewspapermayweseethepassage?A．Travel. B．Culture. C．Sports. D．Science.【答案】1．C2．