Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinkingLanguagefocus教学设计-高中英语人教版选择性

TeachingandLearningDesign选择性必修Book2Unit1ScienceAndScientists教学设计Period2Teachingandlearningcontents:Readingandthinking—LanguageFocusandThinkingQualityDevelopmentprehensiveteachingandlearningobjectives:Bytheendofthisperiod,thestudentswillhavebeenableto:1)Learnabouttheusagesofnewwords,chunksandsentencepatternsandtrytousetheminreallanguagesituationstoimprovelanguagepetence;2)prehendthetextbettertoimprovethinkingquality.Teachingandlearningimportantpoints:1)Languagefocusandbetterreadingprehension;2)Textreconstructionandthinkingqualityimprovement.Teachingandlearningdifficultpoints:Newlanguageitemslearning,textreconstructionandthinkingqualityimprovement.Teachingandlearningprocedure:Step1ReviewActivity1ReviewChecktheanswerstothereadingprehensionexercisesinreferencebooktoreviewthemaincontentofthetextandimprovethestudents’readingprehensionofthetext.Step2LanguageFocus(Inthisstep,theteacherexplainssomeofthenewandimportantlanguageitemsinthecontextbyofferingsomeexamplessothatthestudentscouldprehendthetextbetter,andalsofocusonhowtousethelanguageitemsinspecificlanguagesituationscreatedbytheteacherordoingsomeexercisessuchassentencemakingandblankfillingexercisestohelpthestudentstograsptheirusages.)Activity2LearningaboutthenewlanguageitemsLearnaboutthefollowingnewlanguageitems:1.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的besevereon/with对……严厉beseverewithoneself严于律己severelyadv.严重地；严格地，严厉地e.g.Hisinjuriesaresevere.他的伤势很严重。Thecourtsarebeingmoresevereonyoungoffenders.法院对年轻罪犯越来越严厉。Shewasaseverewomanwhoseldomsmiled.她是个严肃的女人，很少微笑。Heissevereon/withhischildren.他对子女很严格。2.frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的(常形容人)feelfrustratedat/with对……感到沮丧/懊恼frustratevt.使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止frustratingadj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的(常形容事物)frustrationn.[U]懊丧；沮丧；挫败[C,usuallypl.]令人懊丧(或懊恼、沮丧)的事物e.g.Theyfeltfrustratedatthelackofprogress.没有进展，他们感到懊丧。Ibit/heldbackmyfrustration.我忍住了沮丧的情绪。Thesemagicalflowersmeltedourfrustratedheartsandblewawayalltheunpleasantmoods.这些神奇的花朵融化了我们沮丧的心，吹走了所有不愉快的情绪。3.onceandforall最终地；彻底地;e.g.Wehavetoresolvethismatteronceandforall.我们必须彻底解决这一问题。Heclosedhisshoponceandforallandretired.他最后一次关上他的商店大门后就退休了。4.contradictoryadj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的becontradictoryto…与……矛盾、相反contradictv.反驳；与……相矛盾contradictionn.抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法indirectcontradictionto与……恰恰相反e.g.Hisremarkwascontradictorytothetruth.他的话与事实相矛盾。Don’tcontradict!别顶嘴。5.infectionn.传染，感染；传染病，染毒物；影响infectiousadj.传染的；有传染性的；易传染的；有感染力的contagiousadj.（病）接触传染的；（态度）感染性的e.g.Earinfectionsaremoninpreschoolchildren.耳部感染在学前儿童中很常见。Exactlywhichbacteriacausetheinfectionisstillunknown.到底是什么细菌引起的感染还不清楚。Fluishighlyinfectious/contagious.流感的传染性很高。Hisenthusiasmwascontagious(=spreadquicklytootherpeople).他的热情富有感染力。6.subscribevt.认购(股份)；定期交纳(会费)；vi.同意；捐助；定期订购subscribeto同意；赞同；订购subscribe...to...把……签署在……上；向……捐赠……subscriptionn.订阅(费)；用户费subscribern.订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者asubscriberto………的订阅者subscriptionn.订阅；订阅费；定期捐款e.g.Withtheintentionofstrengtheningthebondbetweentwoschools,wewillsubscribeabout200bookstotheChineselanguageclassinyourschool.为了加强两校之间的联系，我们将为贵校的中文班捐赠大约200本书。Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.赞同Ifyousubscribetothisnewspaper,you’llgetanextramagazine.定期订购Isubscribedmynametothedocument,whichwasveryimportant.我在文件上签了名，这个文件很重要。7.proofn.[c/u]证明；检验；证据(=evidence)[pl.]proofsadj.防/抗……的；能抵御vt.使防水（防火等）；校对e.g.Canyouprovideanyproofofidentity?你能提供什么身份证明吗？Keepthereceiptasproofofpurchase.保存收据，作为购物证明。rainproof/windproofclothing防雨/防风服装8.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。句式结构so...that...如此……以至于……so...that...so...that...常引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为：so＋adj./adv.＋that...adj.＋a（n）＋可数名词单数＋that...many/few/much/little（少）...＋n.＋that...(2)such...that...“如此……以至于……”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句时，与so...that...意思相同，但用法不同。such后要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。such...that...的句型结构可分为以下三种：such＋a（n）＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that.../adj.＋可数名词复数＋that.../adj.＋不可数名词＋that...e.g.Therearesomanyusefulresourcesonlinethatithasbeeanimportantwaytostudyrecently.网上有如此多有用的资源，以至于最近它已经成为一种重要的学习方式。YouthissuchapopularmagazinethatI’maregularreaderfortenyears.→YouthissopopularamagazinethatI’maregularreaderfortenyears.Youth是一本很受欢迎的杂志，所以十年来我一直是它的忠实的读者。Thegameissosignificantthatitisrequiredthateveryoneshouldpresentthemselvespunctually这场比赛如此重要，以至于要求每个人都要准时到场。MyEnglishteacherissuchagreatsoulthatIowemanythankstohim.我的英语老师是个了不起的人，我非常感谢他。Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.这食物如此美味，以至于你不需要吃太多就能让你开心。9.multipleadj.多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的n.倍数；连锁商店e.g.multiplecopiesofdocuments各种文件的大量的副本Hediedofmultipleinjuries.他死于多处受伤。10.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑是水泵出了问题/是罪魁祸首。1)suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspectsb./sth.tobe/as...怀疑某人/某物是……suspectthat...怀疑……suspicionn.怀疑；嫌疑suspiciousadj.感觉可疑的；令人怀疑的e.g.Judgingfromhisabnormalbehavior,Isuspectedhimtobe(be)athief.从他的反常行为来看，我怀疑他是个小偷。Initially,Bernardsuspectedthathecouldn’tsellhispopcornasplanned.起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能像计划的那样卖爆米花。Ihavenoreasontosuspectherhonesty.我没有理由怀疑她的诚实。Thepolicesuspecthimofhavingtakenthemoney.警方怀疑他拿走了钱。Isuspectedhimtobealiar.我怀疑他是个骗子。4)blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责blamesb.for(doing)sth责备某人(做了)某事blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备在betoblame(for)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。accept/bear/takeblamefor对某事负责；承担责任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb./sth.归咎于……；把某事的责任推到某人身上或某事上e.g.MariestillblamesherselfforPatrick’sdeath.Youcan’tblameallyourproblemsonyourfamily.Thebossdidn’tblamehisassistantforthemistake,whichwasbeyondexpectations.ItisyouratherthanIthataretoblamefortheaccident.是你而不是我应为这次事故受到责备。Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybetoblameforthefire.Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.很多人觉得早上很难起床，并把责任推到闹钟上。Thepolicelaid/puttheblamefortheaccidentonthedriver.Thepanyisreadytobear/take/accept/gettheblameforwhathashappened.不定式的主动形式表示被动含义的句式结构：(1)n.+be+adj.+todo这个结构中常用表特征或性质的形容词，如difficult,hard,easy,fortable,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。(2)n.+be+too+adj.+todo，太……而不……；(3)n.+be+adj.+enoughtodo……足够……；这些句式结构中句子的主语与不定式是被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。e.g.Thequestionwasverydifficulttoanswer.Thethingistoosmalltosee.Theboxislightenoughtocarry.11.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。1)句式结构：Itseemedthat…“看来……”,that引导表语从句。It+不及物动词(短语)+that从句，that引导表语从句，常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有seem(看上去)，turnout(证明是)，appear(显得)，happen(碰巧)。句中的so…that…引导结果状语从句。e.g.Itturnedoutthatwewerewrong.Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.2)havesth.done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，此结构有时也可以用getsthdone来替换；其常用三种含义如下：(1)表示“让某人做某事”；(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击”；(3)表示“做完某事(主语可能参与其中)”。e.g.Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdeliveredtothefarmers’houses.我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。Theyaregoingtohavetheirhousepaintedbeforegettingmarried.Whenhewasridingabikeinthestreet,hehadhisarmhurt.当他在街上骑车时胳膊受了伤。12.handlen.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)e.g.Iturnedthehandleandfoundthedoorwasopen.我转动把手，发现门是开着的。Heraisesthelidofhisbarrelorganandturnsthehandle.(n.把手)Isuggestedtohimthatweshouldhandletheproblematonce.(vt.处理)Thiskindofcarisverypopularifitishandledwellevenonwetroads.(vt.操纵)13.linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联；挽住link...to/with...把……与……连接/联系起来belinkedto/with与……有联系/关系linkupwith与……联合；使与……衔接alinkbetween...and...……与……之间的关系/联系e.g.Healthproblemsarecloselylinkedto/withbadeatinghabitsandalackofexercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。Hisuncertaintyislinkedwith/tohislackofconfidence.他的不确定与他缺乏信心有关。Theywentontothenexttown,wheretheylinkedupwiththeotherparty.他们继续前往下一个城镇，在那里他们与对方会合。Inmyopinion,thereisacloselinkbetweenteachersandstudents.14.rawadj.生的；自然状态的；不熟练的rawmeat生肉rawsugar原糖arawbeginner没有经验的新手e.g.Thesefishareofteneatenraw.这些鱼常常生吃。Weimportrawmaterialsandenergyandexportmainlyindustrialproducts.我们进口原材料和能源，主要出口工业产品。15.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,waterpaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.通过斯诺的不懈努力，水务公司开始销售清洁水，全球霍乱的威胁大幅下降。decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低onthedecrease/increase正在增加/减少中decrease/increaseby减少了……/增加(长)了……decrease/increaseto…减少到……/增加(长)到……decrease/increasefrom...to...从……减少/增加到……e.g.Thenumberofpeopleaged50andunderwilldecreasebymorethan30%duringthetime.Aftertakingthemedicine,histemperaturedecreasedto36.8℃.Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedfrom210to160thisyear.Thechargefortransportationisonthedecreasebecauseoflowerfuelcosts.→Thechargefortransportationisdecreasingbecauseoflowerfuelcosts.16.thanksto幸亏；由于(多放在句首，表达正面意思，接近于原意“感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。表示“由于；因为”的其他常用短语：becauseof因为；由于(常作状语)着重某个结果的原因owingto由于；因为(作状语或表语)“由于、因为”dueto因为；由于(作状语或表语)表示原因，可与owingto互换asaresultof作为……的结果；由于(作状语)onaccountof由于；因为(作状语或表语)e.g.Thankstoyourguidance,Iwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.多亏您的指导，我在比赛中获得了第一名。Thankstohisstrongdeterminationandpersistence,Davidfinallygottothefinishingline.Asaresultofanaccident,Tonywasthrownintoaworldofdarknessandsankintohopelessness.AllthiswasduetoayoungAmericansailor,who,throughhiskindnessandgenerosity,brightenedourpaths.17.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变transforminto转变成；转化成；改造为transform...(from…)into...把……变成……betransformedo...由……变成……transform…with…用……来改变……transformationn.改变；转换；改观transformableadj.可变形的；可变化的transformern.促使改变的人或物；变压器e.g.Thisequipmentcantransformlightintoenergy.Thesofacantransformforuseasabed.Wecantransformtheworldwithourknowledge.Besides,sheistryingtocolourherbabieswithblacktotransformthemintopandas.Whatwasnotsoeasytoseewastheinnertransformationthathadtakenplace,atleastforme.Step3PostReading—TextreconstructionandthinkingqualityimprovementActivity3Textreconstructionthinkingqualityimprovement1.Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestionsandshareanswers.1)WhatwasthemostimportanttoolSnowusedtodefeatcholera?Whatmonmedicaltools,e.g.amicroscope,didn’theuse?Why?Heusedmapsandstatisticstoanalysewherethedeathsoccurred.Hedidn'tuseamicroscope,forexample.Hedidn’ttestthewater,nordidhedrawbloodorexaminepatients.Thereasonhedidnotusemedicalequipmentsuchasamicroscopewasbecause,whiletheymaybegoodatidentifyingwhatthegermis,locatingwherethegermesfromandhowitspreadsisnotpossiblewiththemicroscope.Further,understandingofgermswasstilldeveloping,andsohehadtoinnovatemethodshimselfbasedonthetheoryhebelieved.2)HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?Snow’sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink,forexample,aswellasanemphasisonhygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybeedirty.Healsoshowedhowtopreventcho