2.07 用隐喻修辞格激发续写语言的表现力-2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能

2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能2.07用隐喻修辞格激发续写语言的表现力知识回顾知识回顾1隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，它的通常和基本的用法是，表述某一事物的词或者词组被用来比喻另外的一种事物。由于它的比喻是隐藏着的，那么它的主体与喻体的关系就显得十分的紧密。《辞海》认为：隐喻是“比喻的一种。本体和喻体的关系，比之明喻更为紧切。明喻在形式上只是相类的关系，隐喻在形式上却是相合的关系。本体和喻体两个成分之间一般要用‘是’、‘也’等比喻词。如：‘儿童是祖国的花朵’。”基于此，人们常称隐喻为“浓缩的明喻”(acompressedorcondensedsimile)。隐喻与明喻的关系确实十分紧密，就是说定义也常常把它们一起提起。例如ADictionaryOfLiteraryTerms认为，隐喻是“Afigureofspeechinwhichonethingisdescribedintermsofanother.Thebasicfigureinpoetry.Acomparisonisusuallyimplicit;whereasinsimileitisexplicit.”再次指出，隐喻的比喻是隐含着的，而明喻的比喻是明显的。综上所述，我们就可以得出这样一个概念，隐喻(metaphor)是相对于明喻(simile)而言的，运用隐喻这一修辞方法的人，一般在句中不明确告诉读者A像B或B像A，而是简捷地说A是B或B就是A。方法策略方法策略2一、写作中用隐喻为句子表达润色1.用名词展现形象景象例如：Alltheworld’sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。Thehumantidewasrollingwestward.人流向西涌去。Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn,goodandilltogether.我们的生活是吉凶交织而成的网。Heisawalkingdictionary／encyclopedia.他是一本活词典(百科全书)。Lifeisajourney.人生是一次旅行。Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.经验是智慧之母。He1ivesinapalaceofahouse.他住在宫殿一般的房子里，Theboatdisappearedinamountainofawave.船在一般如山高的大浪中消失了。2.用动词模仿动作特征例如：Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.有些书是要品尝的，有的是要吞吃的，还有少数要细嚼慢咽，进行消化。Theboyisshootingupfast.这个小孩长得特快。Wavesthunderedagainsttherocks.水浪猛烈地拍打着岩岸。Thecorridorwasfloodedwithboysandgirls.走廊里挤满了男女小孩。Ihavebeenwrestlingwiththisproblemforhalfahhour.我钻研这个问题已经半小时了。Everythingwasbathedinthegoldensunlight.万物沐浴在金色的阳光下。Heneedledhiswaythroughthecrowd.他穿过人群。3.用形容词凸显面貌、形态特征等例如：Weregarditasaburningshametohavelaggedbehind.我们把落后看成是奇耻大辱。Hehasagoldenopportunity.他有着极好的机会。Hehasthemicrowavesmilethatwarmsanotherpersonwithoutheat.他有一种微波微笑，能不加热而使别人温暖。其他形容词作喻体的有：thegoldenage黄金时代stormyapplause雷鸣般的掌声ironwill钢铁般的意志asilvertongue流利的口才abitingnorthwind刺骨的北风等。注：某些复合形容词也含有喻体，例如：dog-tired(=verytired);pitch-dark／black(=verydark／black);coal-black(=veryblack);snow-white(=verywhite)等。4用副词限定、强调或摹状动作例如：Heflatlyrefusedus.他坚决拒绝我们。They1ivedfromhandtomouth.他们收入仅够糊口。Hewasalmostattheendofhistether(牵绳)whenhestumbledonthesolutionofhisdifficulty．他在山穷水尽之际找到了解决困难的办法。Peoplewho1ivedintheglasshouseshouldnotthrowstones.处于脆弱地位的人不应攻击他人；正人先正已。Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.她生于富贵人家。Timepassedatanail’space.时间过得很慢。Theyescapedbyahair’sbreath.他们死里逃生。5.用谚语的文化内涵增添表述的活力例如：Tomanycooksspoilthebroth.人多坏事。Donotputthecartbeforethehorse.勿将本末倒置。Givehimaninchandhewillmakeamile.得寸进尺。Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。Striketheironwhileitishot.趁热打铁。Youcannotmakeanomeletwithoutbreakingeggs.做事不可畏首畏尾。Everydoghasits／hisday.人人皆有得意时。Stillwatersrundeep.水静流深，人静心深。二、续写中运用隐喻的方法举例下面我们以高考试题为例，简要分析如何在续写中使用隐喻，为表达增添活力。(2021年1月，浙江高考)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Pumpkin(南瓜)carvingatHalloweenisafamilytradition.WevisitalocalfarmeveryOctober.Inthepumpkinfield，Icompetewithmythreebrothersandsistertoseekoutthebiggestpumpkin.Mydadhasarulethatwehavetocarryourpumpkinsbackhome，andastheeldestchildIhaveanadvantage﹣Icarriedan85﹣pounderbacklastyear.Thisyear，itwashardtotellwhethermyprizeortheonechosenbymy14﹣year﹣oldbrother，Jason，wasthewinner.Unfortunatelyweforgottoweighthembeforetakingouttheirinsides，butIwasdeterminedtoprovemypoint.Allofuswerehardatworkatthekitchentable，withmymomfilmingtheannualevent.I'munsurenowwhyIthoughtforcingmyheadinsidethepumpkinwouldsettlethematter，butitseemedtomakeperfectsenseatthetime.Withthepumpkinrestingonthetable，holeuppermost，Ibentoverandpressedmyheadagainsttheopening.AtfirstIgotjammedjustabovemyeyesandthen，asIwentonwithmytask，unwillingtoquit，mynosebrieflypreventedentry.FinallyImanagedtoputmywholeheadintoit，likeacork(软木塞)forcedintoabottle.Iwasabletostraightenupwiththehugepumpkinrestingonmyshoulders.Myexcitementwasshort﹣lived.Thepumpkinwasheavy."I'mgoingtosetitdown，now，"Isaid，andwithJasonhelpingtosupportitsweight，Ibentbackoverthetabletogiveitsomewheretorest.ItwasonlywhenItriedtoremovemyheadthatIrealizedgettingoutwasgoingtobelessstraightforwardthangettingin.WhenIpulledhard，mynosegotintheway.IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtherightangle，butitwasnouse."Ican'tgetitout!"Ishouted，myvoicesoundingunnaturallyloudintheenclosedspace.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph1Iwasstuckforfiveorsixminutesthoughitfeltmuchlonger._____________________________________Paragraph2ThatvideowaspostedthedaybeforeHalloween.________________________________________1.利用隐喻增添续写表现力的策略(1)用形容词模拟心理状态例如：Icouldhearmysister’scuttinglaughterand

Jason’smuffledvoicetalkingaboutforcingthegiantthingopen.我能听到我姐姐刺耳的笑声，还有杰森低沉的声音在谈论如何把那个巨大的东西打开。(2)用动词刻画动作效果例如：Theairinsidethehollowvegetablewasfloodedwithofmyanxiousbreath.空心南瓜的空气中充满了我焦虑的呼吸。(3)用名词凸显某一事件带来的影响例如：Onegirlrecalledcelebratingitwithherbrothersandsisters,andthankedusfor“bringingherhome”.一个女孩回忆起和她的兄弟姐妹一起庆祝，并感谢我们“把她带回家”。2.用隐喻增添续写语篇的表现力Itwasfiveorsixminutesthoughitfeltmuchlonger.

Theairinsidethehollowvegetablewasfloodedofmyanxiousbreath.Icouldhearmysister’scuttinglaughterand

Jason’smuffledvoicetalkingaboutforcingthegiantthingopen.“No!Notmyprecious

pumpkin!”Iprotested.Eventually,

Dad

helpedmeadjustmybodytoamorerelaxedposition,and

pulled

thepumpkingentlyoffmy

head.Hairinknots,

nose

andchaincoveredinpumpkinflesh,Iletoutasighofrelief.That’swhenIrealizedthecamerahadbeenrollingthewholetime!

ThevideowaspostedonlinetheMondaybeforeHalloween.Ilookedjustlikeapumpkinheadinit.Embarrassedandalittleannoyed,Ifledtomyroom,but

Mom

stoppedme.“Youhaven’treadthecommentsyet.”IscrolleddownthescreenandmarveledatthestoriestheviewerssharedaboutHalloween.Onegirlrecalledcelebratingitwithherbrothersandsisters,andthankedusfor“bringingherhome”.Thewordsbroughtwarmthtomyheartandtearstomyeyes.Ifeltluckytobeapartofthismischievousyetlovingfamily.实践强化实践强化3基础演练基础演练A阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Itseemsthatfriendshipcanalsoexistbetweendogsandhorses.I’vewitnessedoneinspiringcase.Onemorning,IwentoutsidetofeedourhorseBullet.Usually,Bulletwaitseagerlyatthefenceforhisbreakfast.Butthismorninghestayednearatreeinthepasture’scenter.Ashebeganjoyfullywalkingtowardme,Inoticedadoglyinginthetallgrassbeneaththetree.SothiswaswhatheldBullet’sattentionthismorning:ahomelessdog.MostofthehomelessdogsshiedawayfromourlargeBullet,butthisoneseemedtofeelsafeintheshelterofthetallgrassregardlessofBullet.Iplacedalfalfacubesinsidethefence.AfterBulletatethem,I’dgivehimsomecookieshelovedmost.Iwalkedbacktomyporchandsatdown.AsBulletatealfalfa,thedogstoodupcautiously,staredatBulletforlongandthenslowlywalkedtowardBullet.ThedogoftenpausedandlookedatmetoensureIwasn’tathreat.AsthedogdrewclosertoBullet,Iheldmybreath.Ididn’tknowhowBulletwouldreacttoananimalthatapproachedwhilehewaseating.Knowingahorse’skickcankilladog,Idecidedtoscarethedogaway.JustthenBulletswunghisheadandlookedatthedog.Notmindingit,heatehisfoodagain.Thedogdrewcloseenoughtotakeanalfalfacube.MyheartbrokeasIwatchedthedog—afemale—chewingonthealfalfa.Shehadtobeextremelyhungrytoattempttoeathorsefeed.Iwentinsidethehouse,carriedsomemeatandwalkedtowardthefence.Thedogsoonrantothesafetyofthetallgrassnearthetree.Iputthemeatdownoutsidethefenceandwentbackinsidethehouse.She’dprobablycomeforthemeatwhenIwasoutofsight.Minuteslater,IrealizedIhadn’tyetgivenBullethiscookies.Itooksomeandwentbackoutside.Amazingly,Bulletwaslyingdowninthegrassbeneaththetreewiththedognexttohim.Ismiledatthewarmscenetheycreated.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。KnowingIcarriedhistreat,Bulletgotupquicklyandrantome.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ButBulletdidn’tcareasthedogjumpedforwardandtookacookie.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读后续写隐喻修辞使用导引策略表达举例使用目的使用介词短语waitedintheglass描述等待时的心态等使用介词短语atanail’space描述移动的速度的特征使用名词avaluablelifejourney再现友谊的珍贵......................................................【参考范文】KnowingIcarriedhistreat,Bulletgotupquicklyandrantome.ThedogwatchedandwaitedintheglassasIthrewcookiesoverthefence.Inoticedshehadn’tgottenthecouragetoventureoutsidethefencetogetthemeat.Iwentbacktotheporch,tryingtothinkofawaytomakethedogovercomeherfearandcomeforthemeat.NoticingBulletwaseating,thedogbegantomoveforwardatanail’space,watchingmeallthewhile.“Hemightsharehisalfalfawithyou,buthe’llneverletyoueathisfavoritecookies!”Isaidtomyself.ButBulletdidn’tcareasthedogjumpedforwardandtookacookie.Thedogsoonswallowedthecookie,andthentookmore.WhenBulletwalkedbacktowardthetree’sshade,thedogwalkedalong.Alldaylong,theystayedtogether.Thenextday,Bulletstillsharedhisfoodwiththedog.AndImanagedtomakethedoggetoutofthepastureandadoptedher.Althoughsheeventuallywarmedtome,shealwayslovedBullet’scompanymost.They’drunjoyfullytogetherandresttogether.AndoftenBullettouchedthedogwithhisnoseandshelickedhisface.Iknewtheyhadbecomeclosefriendsandavaluablelifejourneybegan.【写作指导】本文讲述了作者的牧场来了一只流浪狗，但作者的马Bullet并不介意这只狗，Bullet选择和这只狗共享自己的食物，它们之间产生了友谊。作者最终收养了狗，狗非常喜欢Bullet的陪伴，它们成了亲密的朋友。1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Bullet知道我拿着他的食物，赶紧站起来跑向我”可知，第一段可描写作者让狗克服恐惧过来吃东西，以及Bullet的反应。②由第二段首句内容“但Bullet并不在意，因为狗跳了过去，拿走了一块饼干。”可知，第二段可描写Bullet和狗分享了自己爱吃的食物，以后它们最终成为朋友的经过。2.续写线索：Bullet过来吃食物——狗恐惧——狗靠近Bullet——狗吃饼干——收养狗——狗和Bullet成为朋友3.词汇激活行为类拿着：carry/hold尝试：tryto/attemptto开始：begin/start情绪类快速：quickly/rapidly介意：care/mind【典型句式】[句式1]ThedogwatchedasIthrewcookiesoverthefence.(运用了as引导时间状语从句)[句式2]Althoughsheeventuallywarmedtome,shealwayslovedBullet’scompanymost.(运用了让步状语从句)综合演练综合演练B1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheCaseoftheMissingDinosaur(恐龙)MylittlebrotherTeddyandIrunadetectiveagencytogetheroutofanofficeinmybedroomcloset.ThesignonthedoorsaysInvestigationsbyNina(withhelpfromTeddy).Well,We’redetectives.Wefindthingslikemissingshoesandhats.Teddyhandedmenoteshe’dgatheredfromtheemptyflowerpotonourporch(走廊).That’swherefamilyandneighborsletusknowaboutmysteriestosolve.Ireadthepapers,onlytofindthattherewerenothingimportant.“Howaboutadinosaur?”askedTeddy.“MyfriendPeterismissinghisdinosaur.”Thatsoundedgreat.IaskedTeddytotellmeeverythingheknew.Mostdaysafterschool,mybrothergoesacrossthestreettoPeter’shousetoplayGoFish.Butyesterday,Peterrefusedtoplayanygames.Hiseyeswerered.Hekepttalkingabouthisdinosaur,Bruno.Wedecidedtohelphim.ThenwewalkedtoPeter’shousetocheckthingsout.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Istartedwithmyusualquestions.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Teddywasturningouttobeagooddetective.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Istartedwithmyusualquestions.“WhendidyoulastseeBruno?Wheredidyouseehim?”Iasked.“Yesterday,inthemorning.Iwasholdinghim.”Peteranswered.That’sweird.“Ihaveanidea,”saidTeddy,“Let’spretenditwasyesterday.”ThenPeterheldhisimaginarydinosaurwithonehand.Hewenttothepantryandpulledoutachairwithbothhands.“Wait,”Isaid.“HowdidyouholdBrunowhileyouwerecarryingthechair?”“Thepantry!”Teddywhispered.Teddywasturningouttobeagooddetective.Heranintothepantryandfoundastuffeddinosaur.“YouprobablyputBrunotherewhenyoupickedupthechair,”Teddyexplained.Peterhuggedhisdinosaurtightly.Hewouldn’tletusleaveuntilwehuggedhisdinosaurtoo.Backhome,Ipeekedinsidetheflowerpotonourporch.Threemoreslipsofpaperwaitedforus.IhadthefeelingitwasgoingtobeanotherbusySaturday.【写作指导】本文以人物故事为线索展开，讲述了作者和弟弟泰迪开了一家侦探社，弟弟的一个朋友皮特的恐龙玩具不见了，他现状心情很糟糕，我们决定帮助他，然后我和弟弟去他家进行调查。开始我们问了皮特一些问题，随着问题深入，答案逐渐浮出水面，他们跑进跑进食品储藏室，找到了皮特的恐龙玩具，他非常开心的故事。1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我从我通常的问题开始。”可知，第一段可描写作者开始询问一些与案件有关的问题，事情将逐渐清晰。②由第二段首句内容“特迪原来是个好侦探。”可知，第二段可描写作者和弟弟泰迪终于帮皮特找到了恐龙玩具。2.续写线索：问问题——回答——思考——深调查——找到——感谢3.词汇激活行为类①.开始：start/begin②.回家：backhome/returnhome③.拥抱：hug/embrace/enfold情绪类①.紧紧的：tightly/closely/firmly②.忙碌的：busy/engaged【典型句式】[句式1].“YouprobablyputBrunotherewhenyoupickedupthechair,”Teddyexplained.(由连接副词when引导的时间状语从句)[句式2].Hewouldn’tletusleaveuntilwehuggedhisdinosaurtoo.(由not...until“直到……才”引导的时间状语从句)2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Itwasthemostbeautifulmotorbikeandthefirstofitskindintheneighborhood,amagicblueonewithtwosmartrear-viewmirrors.ItbelongedtoRanjan’suncle.Overnight,Ranjanhadbecomeaprinceamongusboys.Wesurroundedhimthenextday,wantingtolearnmoredetails.Ranjan’sunclehadcomefromBombay,ridingthenewmotorbike.Everyafternoonwhenheslept,wewouldgatheraroundthebluebike,admiringit.SometimesRanjanmanagedtotakeouthisuncle'sredhelmet(头盔).Wewouldwearitinturnandsitonthebike,imaginingstartingitandbeingoff.Intheevenings,wewatchedRanjangooutforaridewithhisuncleandoureyeswerefilledwithenvy(羡慕).OneMondaymorningIwasstrugglingwiththehomeworkwhenRanjanwhisperedinmyear,“Iamlearningtorideit,Tony.”“What?”Idoubted.“Iwillshowyouthisafternoon.”Ranjansoundedconfident.Ranjan,liketherestofus,kneweverythingaboutthemotorbike,everypartofit.Buttorideitwasanotherstory.Likeallgrown-ups,hisunclehadthisbeliefthatfourteen-year-oldscouldnotridethingslikemotorbikes.Itisunfairreally.Thebigmomentcameatlast.Afterlunch,IcametomeetRanjan,whoappearedatthegatesecondslater,wearingtheredhelmet.Noiselessly,hewheeledthebikeoutofthegate.Helookedaroundcarefully,pusheditdowntheroad,andstartedit.“Geton,boy!”IfeltexcitedasIclimbedontothebackseat,butstillcouldnotbelievethathecouldrideit.“Ready?”Ranjanshouted.“Yeah.Whatareyouwaitingfor?”Wewereoff.Theroadwasnearlyemptyandweweremovingsmoothly.Ihadalookatthespeedometer(速度计):30kmph.Howcoolitwas!注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Suddenly,adogrushedoutandranacrosstheroad.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wepickedupthemotorbikeandfoundonemirrorwasmissing.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Suddenly,adogrushedoutandranacrosstheroad.“He