第13讲概要写作之说明文实验研究类文体写法详解（复习讲义）（上海高考专用）2026年春季高考英语（原题版）

专题13概要写作之说明文、实验研究类文体写法详解目录TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析与命题趋势 1知识体系构建 2考点精析与突破 3考点一：说明文概要写作（重点） 3考点二：实验研究类文体概要写作（难点） 8实战精练与提升 13考情解读一、考试要求概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。上海高考概要写作一般以说明文为主、议论文次之，，记叙文少有涉及。近年来实验研究报告类说明文是考查热点。二、命题分析题型概要写作2023上海秋考说明文。青少年应远离沙发，多听音乐，多参加运动等活动。2023上海春考说明文。讲述阅读小说的益处，实验表明它能培养品性及产生共情。2022上海秋考说明文。什么是智商？什么是天才？以及智商与天才之间的关系。2022上海春考说明文。脑迹印记并不是孤立于大脑的一个区域，科学家们研究了积极记忆和消极记忆之间的存储位置和相互作用。2021上海秋考说明文。介绍一名视觉思想家，她的记忆以时间顺序作为特定的图像出现在她的脑海中。2021上海春考说明文。Fluido发布了FluidoPlus，一种通过监控MAC来收集客户信息的产品，从而帮助分析他们的行为来促进市场营销。（三）、评分标准一般而言，概要写作的评分分为五个档次，具体如下：档次要求第五档理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言第四档理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些错误，但完全不影响意义表达比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使概要结构紧凑有个别整句抄自原文第三档理解较为准确，涵盖绝大部分要点所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达能应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使上下文内容连贯出现两句以上整句抄自原文第二档理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性出现两句以上整句抄自原文第一档没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响意义的表达缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯多个句子抄自原文0分白卷，或内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关知识梳理考点精讲考点一：说明文概要写作解题策略定位核心：通读全文锁定说明对象，标记其核心特征、成因、用途、原理等关键信息，同时明确文章的说明顺序（如时间、因果、总分等）。筛除冗余：保留核心要点，剔除举例、比喻、数据重复等辅助性细节，合并同类信息，避免被次要属性干扰。逻辑串联：按原文说明顺序串联要点，用“Furthermore”“Inaddition”等衔接词体现逻辑；通过同义替换和句式简化精简表达，杜绝照抄原文，严控词数。核对校验：确认说明对象及核心信息无遗漏，语言客观无主观评价，时态统一（多为一般现在时），语法表述准确。（一）说明文概要写作技巧说明文（Exposition）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类：现象揭示类：Thearticlepointsoutthemonphenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释)利弊对比类：Thearticleparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside,…,butitmayalso…研究显示类：Thestudyrevealsthat…;Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…1.先“解构原文”：精准定位核心信息找主题句（TopicSentence）：说明文的主旨通常在首段（总起句）或末段（总结句），段落内部的主题句多在段首（少数在段尾）。划逻辑信号词：根据说明文类型，标记逻辑词以区分主次信息。解释说明型：“define,referto,namely,suchas”（抓定义和特征）；比较对比型：“like,unlike,similarly,incontrast,ontheotherhand”（抓异同点）；因果型：“because,so,asaresult,dueto,leadto”（抓原因和结果）；问题解决型：“problem,issue,however,solution,suggest”（抓问题和方案）；过程型：“first,next,then,finally,step,process”（抓关键步骤）。筛除次要信息：原文中的举例（forexample）、数据（具体数字）、形容词（修饰性描述）、重复内容等，若不影响核心逻辑，可在概要中省略。2.再“重构语言”：简洁客观地表达用同义替换（Paraphrase）：避免直接抄袭原文句子，通过同义词、句型转换（如主动变被动、从句变短语）改写。保持客观语气：概要需完全基于原文，不可加入“inmyopinion”“Ithink”等个人观点，也不可夸大或缩小原文信息（如原文说“可能导致”，不可写成“必然导致”）。3.注重“逻辑连贯”：确保结构清晰按原文逻辑排序：概要的信息顺序需与原文一致（如过程型按步骤顺序，因果型按“原因→结果”顺序），避免打乱逻辑链。用衔接词串联：适当使用过渡词（如however,therefore,inaddition）使句子间衔接自然，例如对比型概要可加“while”“whereas”，因果型可加“thus”“consequently”。（二）说明文概要写作模板1.常用模板说明文：phenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect),introductionofanobject(howitismade,howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificant)2.常用句型描述现象：Thearticlehighlightstheissueof[现象]，whichhas[影响]分析原因：Themainreasonsfor[现象]include[原因1]and[原因2]提出建议：Toaddress[问题]，theauthorsuggests[建议]（三）说明文概要写作典例剖析【来源】上海市延安中学20252026学年高三上学期9月英语试题HowAntsMaySaveYoufromTrafficJamsThefreeflowoftrafficbeesunstableasthedensityofcarsincreasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermileperlane,onedrivertappingtheirbrakescantriggerapersistentwaveofcongestion“It’sakindofphasetransition,”likewaterturningfromaliquidtoasolidform,saysKatsuhiroNishinari,aphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo,whostudiesthesejammingtransitions.Nishinari’spreviousresearchhadshownthatforaging(觅食的)antscanmaintaintheirflowevenathighdensities.Inarecentstudy,researchersrecordedOchetellusantsonforagingtrailsandusedtrafficengineeringmodelstoanalyzetheirmovement.Theyfoundthattheantsdon’tjambecausetheytravelingroupsofthreeto20thatmoveatnearlyconstantrateswhilekeepinggooddistancesbetweenoneanother—andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.Selfdrivingcars,iftheyonedaybeemon,couldhavemorecooperativeprogramming.Inonevisionofthisfuture,autonomousvehicleswouldshareinformationwithnearbycarstooptimizetrafficflowperhaps,theresearcherssuggests,byprioritizingconstantspeedsorbynotpassingothersontheroad.“Thereisnoleader,”butthisorganizationemergesanyway.Andinbothantandvehicletrafficthistypeofdistributedsystemcanbe“very,verystrong”andresilient,Nishinarisays.“Still,antscanforgetrailsaswideastheylike,unlikedriversstuckonhighways.Theinsectsdosometimesjamupwhenconfinedintunnels,buttokeepthingsmoving,they’llfindawaytowalkontheceiling”shesays.Today’sdriverscanlearnatleastonethingfromantstoavoidcausingatrafficjam,Nishinarisays:don’tdrivetoocloselybehindanothervehicle.Byleavingroombetweentheircarandtheoneaheadofthem,driverscanabsorbawaveofbrakingindensetrafficconditionsthatwouldotherwisebeamplified(放大)intoafullblown“phantom”trafficjamwithnoobviouscause.“Justkeepingaway,”hesays,canhelptrafficflowsmoothly.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东京大学物理学家西成胜博的研究，发现觅食蚂蚁高密度下仍能保持流动的原因，进而为缓解交通拥堵提供启示，包括自动驾驶汽车的优化方向和现有司机的驾驶建议。解题步骤第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文篇章结构为“现象—研究发现—应用启示”式：第1段：提出高速公路车辆密度增加易引发拥堵的现象。第2段：介绍研究发现，觅食蚂蚁因群体匀速移动、保持间距不超车，高密度下仍能顺畅通行，为自动驾驶汽车提供优化思路。第3段：补充蚂蚁与人类交通的差异，蚂蚁可灵活拓展路径。第4段：给出现有司机的建议，保持车距能避免“幽灵拥堵”。第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息段落关键词1.交通现象①highwaytrafficjams，increasingcardensity2.研究发现与自动驾驶启示②foragingants，constantspeed，keepdistances，nopassing；selfdrivingcars，cooperativeprogramming3.蚂蚁与人类交通差异③antsforgewidetrails，humansstuckonhighways4.现有司机建议④keepsafedistance，avoidphantomtrafficjams第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达第12段：Highwaytrafficjamsoccurwithmorecars,butstudiesshowforagingantsavoidjamsbymovingingroupsatconstantspeedswithdistancesandnopassing,inspiringselfdrivingcars’cooperativeprogramming.（高速公路车辆增多易拥堵，但研究表明觅食蚂蚁以群体匀速移动、保持间距不超车避免拥堵，为自动驾驶汽车的协同编程提供启示。）第4段：Currentdriverscankeepsafedistancestopreventphantomjams.（现有司机可保持安全车距以避免“幽灵拥堵”。）第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接用“but”转折引出蚂蚁通行特点与交通启示，逻辑连贯；用“and”并列蚂蚁的通行习惯，用“to”明确司机建议的目的，表达简洁。概要写作答案（60词左右）【答案01】Highwaytrafficjamshappenascardensityrises,butforagingantsavoidjamsbymovingingroupsatconstantspeedswithdistancesandnopassing.Thisinspiresselfdrivingcars’cooperation,andcurrentdriverscankeepsafedistancestopreventphantomjams.【答案02】Highwaytraffictendstogetcongestedascardensityincreases.However,foragingantscanmaintainsmoothflowevenathighdensitiesbymovingingroupswithconstantspeeds,properdistances,andnoovertaking.Selfdrivingcarscandrawonthispattern,andtoday’sdriversshouldalsokeepasafedistancefromthevehicleaheadtoensuretrafficflowssmoothly.考点二：研究报告类概要写作解题策略定位实验框架：通读全文快速锁定实验核心模块，标记实验目的、研究对象、关键操作方法、核心结果及最终结论，忽略实验器材型号、重复操作流程等无关细节。提炼关键信息：筛选核心要点，合并同类操作或数据，剔除冗余的步骤描述与次要数据；对具体数据做概括处理，避免逐一罗列原始数据。逻辑串联表达：按“背景→目的→方法→结果→结论”的逻辑链条串联要点，用“Toconductthestudy”“Duringtheexperiment”“Asaresult”等衔接词体现实验流程；通过学术词汇同义替换和句式简化精简表达，杜绝照抄原文。核对校验细节：确认实验核心要素无遗漏、结果与结论匹配；语言保持客观，无主观评价；时态统一（描述实验过程常用过去时，结论常用一般现在时），词数符合要求，语法表述准确。（一）题型解读1.题型特点文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。2.常见主题研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。（二）写作步骤与技巧通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤）提取核心实验结果与结论转换表达，合理精简内容整合内容，注重逻辑连贯（三）模板及句型1.通用模板示例开头：explore...mentreportedinthearticleaimstoexplore...（点明文章所报道实验的研究目的，填入具体研究内容）.主体内容：on...was...included...twasconductedon...（首先，说明实验对象是谁或是什么）.Theexperimentalmethodadoptedwas...（接着阐述采用的实验方法）.Themainstepsincluded...（然后列举主要的实验步骤，简要概括）.Afterthat,theexperimentobtainedthefollowingresults:（之后，呈现实验所获得的结果，如具体数据、现象等）.结尾：that...ntheseresults,itcanbeconcludedthat...（基于这些结果，可以得出结论是……，清晰写出最终结论）.2.常用句型说明研究目的：investigate...thisexperimentistoinvestigate...（此次实验的目的是为了研究……）out...tudyaimstofindout...（这项研究旨在查明……）描述实验对象与方法：were...jectsoftheexperimentwere...（实验对象是……）A...methodwasemployedinthisexperiment.（此次实验采用了……方法）呈现实验结果：that...ultsshowedthat...（结果显示……）that...foundthat...（人们发现……）得出结论：that...eabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...（从上述内容，我们可以得出结论……）that...ently,theconclusionisreachedthat...（因此，得出的结论是……）研究报告类概要写作技巧实例分析【2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题】Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BenefitsofGreenSpacesWeallknowthevalueoftakingawalkinthefreshspringweather.Itallowsyourmindtorelaxandforgetabouttheproblemsineverydaylife.Studieshavemonlyshownthebenefitsofbeingaroundgreenspaces,includinggardens,urbanparksandforests.Butdidyouknowthatbeingincontactwiththesenaturalsurroundingsduringchildhoodcouldpositivelyimpactyourmentalhealthasanadult?AstudybytheInstituteforGlobalHealthsurveyed3,600peoplefromalloverEurope.Thealladultstudygaveparticipantsaquestionnaire(问卷)onhowfrequentlytheyusednaturalspacesduringchildhood—forexample,playinginagardenorridingabikeatthepark.Theywerealsoaskedabouttheimportancetheyputonusingsuchplaces.Volunteerswerethengivenapsychologicaltest,whichincludedavarietyofquestionnairesandproblemsolvingactivities,toanalyzetheirnervousnessandfeelingsofdepressionwithinafourweekperiod.Theresultsconsistentlyshowedthatthepeoplewhoweremoreexposedtonaturalspaceshadhighermentalhealthscoresparedtothosewithlowerchildhoodexposure—asdidthosewhoattachedhigherimportancetousinggreenspaces.Thestudy’sassistant,WilmaSmith,wrotethattheresults“showtheimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspacesforthedevelopmentofanatureappreciatingattitudeandahealthypsychologicalstateinadulthood”.Shealsostressedtheimportanceof“recognizingtheimplicationsofgrowingupinenvironmentswithlimitedopportunitiesforexposuretonature”.Accordingtothestudy,73percentofEurope’spopulationonlyhaslimitedaccesstonaturalspaces.Sowecallonpolicymakerstoimprovetheavailabilityofnaturalspacesforchildren.WhilethisstudywasbasedinEurope,alackofgreenspacecanaffectanyone,anywhere.Soremembertomaketimetoexposeyourselftonature,asyourmentalhealthisjustasimportantasthephysicalone.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，童年时期接触大自然对成年后的心理健康有积极影响。那些更频繁地使用自然空间并更重视使用自然空间的人在心理测试中得分更高，包括解决问题的能力和消极情绪的分析。因此，政府应该改善自然空间的可用性，并强调与自然接触。解题步骤第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：第1段：引出话题——在自然环境中散步对心理健康的好处。第2段：介绍一项研究发现，童年接触自然环境对成年心理健康有积极影响。第3段：描述研究过程，包括问卷调查和心理测试。第4段：总结研究结果，强调童年接触自然的重要性。第5段：呼吁政策制定者改善儿童接触自然环境的机会。第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息段落关键词1.引言①freshspringweather，relax，greenspaces2.研究发现②childhoodexposure，mentalhealth，InstituteforGlobalHealth3.研究过程③questionnaire，psychologicaltest，nervousness，depression4.研究结果④highermentalhealthscores，natureappreciatingattitude5.呼吁⑤limitedaccess，policymakers，availabilityofnaturalspaces第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达第1段：Walkinginnaturalenvironmentsisgoodformentalhealth.（在自然环境中散步对心理健康有益。）第2段：Astudyfoundthatchildhoodexposuretonaturepositivelyimpactsadultmentalhealth.（一项研究发现，童年接触自然对成年心理健康有积极影响。）第3段：Participantsweresurveyedontheirchildhooduseofnaturalspacesandtestedformentalhealth.（参与者被调查童年使用自然空间的情况，并进行了心理健康测试。）第4段：Resultsshowedthatmoreexposuretonatureinchildhoodleadstobettermentalhealthinadulthood.（结果显示，童年更多接触自然的人成年后心理健康状况更好。）第5段：Thestudycallsonpolicymakerstoimproveaccesstonaturalspacesforchildren.（该研究呼吁政策制定者改善儿童接触自然空间的机会。）第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接各要点之间用合适的连接词衔接，比如用“Moreover”连接研究内容和基于研究的现状及呼吁部分，用“Finally”引出最后强调接触自然重要性的内容，使整体逻辑连贯。实战训练一、名校最新试题Passage1【来源】上海市建平中学20252026学年高三上学期10月阶段测试英语试题Fillingsforthe“SandwichGeneration”There’samomentinyourlatefortiesorfiftieswhenlifeseemstobeeplicated.Thisshouldbeatimewhenyouenjoythefruitsofyourearlierlabors:anestablishedcareer,childrenlargelygrownupandtheloanmostlypaidoff.Butit’snotsoeasy,isit?Theeconomicturmoil(动荡)ofrecentyearshashitthisagegrouphard,withmanynowinfinancialdistress.ThisgroupbelongstotheSandwichGeneration,sittingawkwardlyinthemiddleofthegenerationalspectrum.Atoneend,wearelikelytohaveagingparentswhowillneedincreasingsupport—emotionalandphysicalaswellasfinancial.Attheotherextreme,ouryoungadultchildrenmayneedparentalhelpduringuniversityand,oncetheyjointheworkforce,theyhavetofindaplacetolivewhilestrugglingwithfulltimeworkandmanagingtheemotionalrollercoasterofyouth.Theirtopconcernishowtheycanbesthelpatbothendsofthespectrum.However,theyshouldnotforgetthatanimportantconsiderationiswhethertheyhaveenoughtofundtheirownretirement.Thequestionisespeciallypronouncedwhenfutureinvestmentreturnsaremoreuncertainthanrecentyears,andinflation,whiledeclining,isstillhigh.Extendingthesandwichanalogy,howmuchfillingcanoneafford?Asregardsplanningforretirement,therearekeyfactorstothinkabout:theaverageinflationrateduringretirement,theexpectedfutureinvestmentreturnsandourownlongevity.Allarelargelyoutsideourcontrol.Parentswanttobegeneroustotheirchildrenintheirwillswhiletheremayalsobetheirelderlyparentstothinkof.However,investingsensiblycanmakearealdifferencetohowlongtheirretirementsavingslast.Somyadviceis:faceuptobeingthefillingandgetonwithfiguringoutjustwhatyoucanputinyoursandwich.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2【来源】上海市进才中学20242025学年下学期练阶段习题EndangeredSpeciesAnendangeredspeciesisagroupofanimalsthatcouldsoonbeeextinct.Extinctionhappenswhenthelastofthespecieshasdiedoutandtherewillbenomore.Manyspeciesarenearlyextinctandcoulddisappearoffthefaceoftheearthverysoonifwedon’tdoanythingtosavethem.Therearemanyreasonswhyspeciesbeeendangeredbutmostofthemareduetohumans.Habitatdestructionisthemainreasonwhyanimalsbeeendangeredandthishappensintwoways.Whenhumansmoveintoanewarea,theanimals’habitatisdestroyedandthereisnothingtoeatbecausehumanschopdowntreesandbuildhousesandfarms.Animalhabitatsarealsodestroyedbecauseofpollution.Chemicalsinriversandpoisonsonfarmscausethedestructionofhabitatsandanimalscannolongerlivethere.Endangeredspeciesarealsotheresultofhuntingandfishing.Animalsarekilledfortheirfur,bonesorskin,orjustforsport(消遣).Somesealspeciesarenowonthevergeofextinctionbecausetheyarekilledfortheirfurtomakecoats.Tigersareshottomakemedicineandteafromtheirbones,andcrocodilesarecaughttomakebagsandshoes.Overfishingmeansthatlargeseacreatureslikewhales,tunaandsharkshaveallbeeendangeredspecies,becausetoomanyarecaughttomakethingslikeshark’sfinsoup.Sowhatcanindividualsandgovernmentsdotoprotectanimalandplantspeciesfrombeingendangered?Weshouldtakecarenottopollutenaturalareas,andfarmersorpanieswhodestroyanimalhabitatsshouldfaceafinancialpenalty(处罚).Governmentscanhelp,too,bymakingitagainstthelawtohunt,fishortradeinendangeredspecies.Ifweallcooperatebytakingthesesteps,wewillprotectourplanetsothatourchildrenandtheirchildrencanenjoyittoo.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage3【来源】上海市向明中学20252026学年高三上学期九月月考英语检测ModifyingYourMemoriesIthasalwaysbeenthoughtthatmemoryisarecordingdevice,itspurposebeingtofileawayandlaterallowustorecalleverythingthathappensinourlives,ratherlikealibrary.Whenwerecallamemory,wegointothebrainlibrary,takeoutafile,lookatitandthenputitbackinthesameplace.Thefilesmaygetalittledustyovertheyears,buttheyarealwaysthereandneverchange.However,newresearchshowsthisunderstandingofmemoryisnotthataccurate.Whatmemoryishasbeenredefined.Tostartwith,thereisnocentralmemorybank;elementsofmemoriesarestoredseparatelyfromeachothersothatthingsrelatedtoaparticularmemory—thesmells,sounds,emotions,physicaltouch,pictures,etc.—areheldindifferentareasofthebrain,andit’sonlyintheactofrecallingthattheyareallbroughttogether.Itnowappearsthateverytimewerecallamemory,aspectsofthatmemorycanchangeslightly.Memoriesareflexible.Theparallelwouldbemorelikebringingupafileontheputer,modifyingitslightlyandthensavingitagain.Thisunderstandinghasbeencrucialinenablingscientiststoeraseandreplacememoriesinquiteinnovativeways.Onapositivenote,thisispavingthewayfornewtreatmentsofdisorders,likedepressionandalcoholaddiction.Inarecentstudy,amouseisputintoatotallynew,emptyenvironmentwhereitisdepressedandrefusestomove.Aswitchonalasermachineintroducesapreviouslyhappymemorytothemouseanditrunsaroundsatisfied,showingrelaxed,normalbehavior.Sciencefiction?No,notatall.It’shappeninghereandnowtheimpossibleisfastbeingpossible.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、真题演练Passage12023年1月高考FictionReadingFormanypeople,nothingismoreenjoyablethanspendingawholeafternoonreadingagoodnovel.Butarenovelssimplyapleasantwaytopassthetime,orcoulditbetruethatreadingfictionactuallybenefitsourlives? t.Itofthejoysoffictionisthatitcantakeustoplacesthatourliveswon't.Itcantransportusto17thcenturyFrance,ortowartomGermany.Itcantakeustoafutureworldinwhichartificialintelligencetakesoverandbooksarebanned,orafantasyworldwherepeoplebattleitoutforfood. Fictioncanalsointroduceustoawholerangeofpeoplethatwehaven'tyetmet.Andthis, stories.IntoCarrieOates,anovelistandacademic,isperhapstherealbenefitofstories.Inoneofherstudies,participantswereaskedtoreadeitherashortstorybyChekhov,oraversionofthestoryindocumentaryform.Thosewhoweregiventhefictionalizedversionwerefoundtobemorelikelytosympathizewiththecharacters,thusgoingthroughgreaterchangesinpersonality.inanotherstudy,sheshowedparticipantsphotosoftheeyesofpeoplewhowerefeelingandthinkingdifferentthings.Thepeoplewhoreadfictionwerebetterabletointerpretthosethoughtsandfeelingsthanthosewhodidn'tread.Oatesexplainsthatwhenwereadfiction,weenterintothemindsofthecharacters.Wethinkaboutwhytheybehaveinacertainway,andwhattheyarelikelytodonext.Justaswemightbeemoreknowledgeableaboutpsychologyandastronomyifwereadaboutpsychologyandastronomy,wegetbetteratthiskindofsocialthinkingifwereadfiction.Thisimprovesourunderstandingofthethoughtsandfeelingsofthosearoundusinreallife.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2（2022年7月·上海高考真题）IsthereacorrelationbetweenhighIQandcreativegenius?Really,thephrasingofthequestioncontradictsverymuchcorrelation,as“creativity”isinnowaymeasuredthroughIQstandardizedtesting,andcreativityisthegreatestdeterminantofageniusas,likeyousay,itisgenius.Innovatio