Unit5词汇精讲精炼（原卷版）

Unit5词汇精讲精炼目录TOC\o"13"\h\z\u连词成段 1精讲精炼 2refer 2base 2major 3means 4appreciate 4equal 5demand 6dateback(to...)(＝datefrom) 7regard 7struggle 8beg 9relate 9重点单词 10重点短语 11单词派生 11连词成段HWeoften

tolanguagesasthesoulofhumancultures,formanysocieties

theircollectiveidentityontheuniquewordsandrhythmsoftheirnativetongue.Acrosstheglobe,

languagefamilies—fromIndoEuropeantoAustronesian—showhowlanguagesserveasthekey

topassdowntraditions.Wemust

thateverylanguage,whetherspokenbymillionsorafewhundred,is

initsabilitytocarrywisdom.Yetglobalizationcan

greateruseofdominantlanguages,leavingsmalleronesatrisk.Someancienttongues

over5,000yearsago,buttodaymany

tosurviveasyoungergenerationsshifttomoremonlanguages.Thisreality

ustovaluelinguisticdiversity,asweshould

everylanguageasalivinglinktoourpast.Ultimately,alllanguages

tooneanother,weavingatapestryofhumanexpressionthatenrichesourworld.译文：我们常将语言称作人类文化的灵魂，因为许多社会的集体认同感，正是建立在其母语独特的词汇与韵律之上。放眼全球，从印欧语系到南岛语系，各大主要语系都印证了语言是传承传统的关键方式。我们必须重视这样一个事实：无论一门语言的使用者是数百万人还是数百人，其承载智慧的能力始终平等。然而全球化进程往往要求更多地使用主流语言，这使得小众语言面临存续危机。有些古老语言的历史可追溯至5000多年前，但如今，随着年轻一代转向更通用的语言，许多古老语言正艰难维系。这一现实促使我们珍视语言多样性——我们应将每一门语言都视为连接人类过往的鲜活纽带。归根结底，所有语言都彼此关联，共同编织出人类表达的斑斓图景；当我们提及语言的价值时，这份交织的多样性，正是世界最珍贵的财富之一。精讲精炼refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于派生：referencen．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目搭配：referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考……to...as...to...as...把……称作……refertoadictionary查词典in/withreferencetosb/sth关于referencebooks/material参考书/参考资料例句：Whenweeacrossnewwordsinreading,weshouldreferthemtoadictionaryinsteadofskippingthemdirectly.在阅读中遇到生词时，我们应该查阅词典，而不是直接跳过。即学即练1.Hereferredthesystemthatwasrelatedtothewelfareofbillionsofpeopleattheconference.2.TheyalwaysrefertomeabookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoavarietyofbooks.3.Ifyoumeetwiththecharactersyoudon’tknow,Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)referto(refer)booksorturntoothersforhelp.4.IamwritingtoaskforyouradvicereferencetowhatkindsoftraditionalChineseculturesappealtoforeignersmost.5.Thetsunami(refer)tointhereportsweptawayabout2,000people，shockingtherestofthecountry.6.一词多义①Whynotrefertoadictionarytocheckthespellingoftheword？②Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.③Theword“business”alsoreferstoanorganizationthatoffersgoodsandservices.basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n．底部；根据派生：basicadj.基本的；基础的basisn．基础basicallyadv.基本上；从本质上说搭配：base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon...以……为基础onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期onthebasisof在……的基础上例句：MemberswillgathertogetheronaregularbasistoparticipateintheEnglishCornerundertheguidance/instructionofourforeignteachers.成员会定期聚集在一起在我们的外教的指导下参加英语角。即学即练Onthe(base)ofwhatyoushow,Ifirmlybelievethatyoucanbequalifiedfortheposition.Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandtheyarealsoofferedopportunitiestowatchtabletennispetitionsaregularbasis.Iamwritingtoinformyouofsome(base)tablemanners.(base)ontraditionalChinesecustoms,youshouldlettheelderlyeatfirst.ThenovelwhichwaspopularwithreaderswasbasedanearthquakewhichstruckWenchuanin2008.Afewweeksintothisschoolyear,LisaandIhadco－authoredaplay(base)onourfavouritenovel,LittleWomen.Theyhavetohavea(base)understandingofputersinordertousethetechnology.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修，专门研究n．主修课程；主修学生派生：majorityn．大部分；大多数搭配：majorin主修……anEnglishmajor一个英语专业的学生a/themajorityof大多数ina/themajority占大多数例句：WhenIgraduatefromhighschoolnextyear,IplantomajorinbiologybecauseIhavebeeninterestedinexploringthemysteriesoflifesincechildhood.明年高中毕业后，我计划主修生物学，因为我从小就对探索生命的奥秘很感兴趣。即学即练InspiredbythebeautyofChinesecharacters,Iwillmajorcalligraphyatuniversityinthefuture.Somepeoplegaveuphalfway,butthe(major)oftheparticipantsmadeittothefinishingline.Thosewhohavevotedformearethe/amajority,soIamelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.写出下列句中黑体词的含义①Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.②TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.③ThevolunteerwasanativeofBeijingandmajoredinhistoryatcollege.④HermajorisFrenchwhilemineisengineering.meansn．方法；方式；途径搭配：ameansof一种……的方法(means的单复数同形)byallmeans可以；当然行；没问题bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)例句：Asyoucanseefromtheshortvideo，membersoftheSpokenEnglishClubhavebeefluentinEnglishbymeansoftakingpartinvariousactivities.正如你从短视频中看到的，英语口语社的成员通过参加各种各样的活动已经能说流利的英语了。即学即练1.Watchingfilmswasregardedasmeansofentertainmentwhenwewereyoung.2.Ancientpeoplerecordedwhathadhappenedmeansofcarvingvarietiesofsymbolswithspecificmeaningsontoshellsorbones.3.Everymeans(try)sofar,butwestillcan’tsolvetheproblem.4.Calligraphywasnotonlyabeautifulartformbutalsoa(means)ofshowingthe“manbehindthebrush”．4.Allmeans(try)togethimtochangehismind,butnonehasworked.没有Paul的好心帮忙，Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。①MacwithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkindheartedPaul.②withbarehandswithoutthehelpofkindheartedPaul.(用倒装句改写)appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值派生：appreciationn．欣赏；感激appreciativeadj.感激的搭配：appreciate(one’s)doingsth喜欢/感激(某人)做某事appreciatethesignificance/valueofsth.理解某事的重要性/意义Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感激I’dappreciateitifyoucoulddosth.如果你能……，我将感激不尽例句：Ifyoucouldhelpmereviewthekeypointsofchemistrybeforetheexam,Iwouldgreatlyappreciateit.如果考试前你能帮我复习化学的重点，我会非常感激。即学即练如果您能尽早回复我，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之结尾句)①atyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateone’sdoing)②atyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateitif...)I’mwritingtoexpressmy(appreciate)forwhatyouhavedoneformeduringmystayinLondon.I'dappreciate(hear)fromyounowandthen.Iwouldappreciateifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.WithChinaplayingagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtolearnChinese(appreciate)China'scultureandhistory.一词多义：①Manypeoplecan'tfullyappreciatetheimportanceofregularexercise.②Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytoworkinyourpanytwoyearsago.③Histalentsaren’tappreciatedbyhisboss,whichmadehimannoyed.④Theirinvestmentshaveappreciatedovertheyears.equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的v．与……相等，等于；比得上派生：equalityn．平等；相等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地unequaladj.不相等的;不胜任的unequallyadv.不公平地；不相等地搭配：bewithoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比beequaltosth/doingsth等于/胜任(做)某事equalsb/sthin(doing)sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物例句：Everyoneshouldhaveequalaccesstoqualityeducation,nomatterwhattheirfamilybackgroundis.无论家庭背景如何，每个人都应享有平等的优质教育机会。即学即练1.Frommypointofview,MichaelJordanisequalinplayingbasketball.2.Firstly,nobodycanequalmeoralEnglish.(equal)importantisthatIamgoodatmunicatingwithothers.SoIholdthefirmbeliefthatIamequalthejobasavolunteerforthefair.3.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatwisdomandeffortsare(equal)importantforsuccess.4.Idon'tthinkheisequalto(do)thiskindofwork.5.写出下列句中黑体词的含义①Shetreatsthepeoplewhoworkforherasherequals.②Withouthealth,lifeisequaltonothingatall.demandn．需求；要求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问派生：demandingadj.要求高的搭配：v.demandtodosth要求做某事demandforsth.要求得到...demandthat...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)n.bein(great)demand需求量大ondemand一经要求supplyanddemand供求meet/satisfyone’sdemand(s)满足某人的需求例句：Theteacherdemandsthatallstudents(should)handintheirhomeworkbeforeclass,asithelpschecktheirmasteryofknowledge.老师要求所有学生课前交作业，因为这有助于检查他们对知识的掌握情况。即学即练1.Nowadayssciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandbecauseadvancedsciencehascreatedmore(demand)jobs.2.Idemanded(take)ahorserideinthemountains.Tomeet/satisfymy(demand),myuncledemandedthatmyfatherandI(keep)tothetrackincasewecouldgetlost.3.First,sciencegraduatesaregreaterdemandthanartonesinChina.4.Theannoyeddesignerenteredthehallanddemanded(tell)thetruth.5.Thegovernmentofficialdemandedthathe(tell)everythingaboutthedamagethefloodhadcaused.6.Inrecentyears,the

demand

skilledworkersinthehightechindustryhasbeengrowing,whichpromotesmoreyoungpeopletolearnprofessionalskills.dateback(to...)(＝datefrom)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)搭配：dateback(＝goback)追溯；上溯(后接时间段)datebackto(＝datefrom)始于；追溯到(后接时间点)注意：datebackto和datefrom一般不用于进行时态和被动语态，在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。例句：ThisancienttempledatesbacktotheTangDynasty,andithasbeeanimportantculturalrelicthatweneedtopreservecarefully.这座古老的寺庙可追溯至唐朝，如今已成为我们需要精心保护的重要文化遗产。即学即练1.Chineseteadrinkingculturehasalonghistorycandatebackto/datefrommorethan1,000yearsago.2.Chineseteadrinkingculturehasalonghistory(date)backto/datingfrommorethan1,000yearsago.3.Onthetopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple(date)backtotheTangDynasty.4.TheskillsofcookinginChinacandatethousandsofyears.5.Onthetopofthemountainstandsanancienttemplewhich/thatdatesbacktheTangDynasty.6.TheancientcitywallinourhometowndatestheMingDynasty,whichhaswitnessedthedevelopmentofthecityforover600years.regardn.尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待搭配：v.regardsb./sth.as+sth把某人/某物看作什么regardsb./sth.(with+情感名词)注视时的态度/情感n.in/withregardtosth.关于；至于holdsb.in(high/low)regard对某人（高/低）度尊重sendone’sregardstosb.向某人转达问候inthis/thatregard在这/那方面拓展：regard...as...把……看作……treat…as…把……当作……；以……态度对待……view…as…把……视为……；认为……是……recognize…as承认……为……；认可……是……例句：Weneedtosolvetheproblemofpollutionfirst,andinthatregard，thegovernmenthastakenaction.我们需要先解决污染问题，在那方面，政府已采取行动。即学即练1.一词多义：①Lincolnisregardedasoneofthemostinspiringpeopleintheworld.②Theteenagerhasnoregardforotherpeople'sfeelings.③Mikehadhighregardforhisoldlawprofessor.④Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.2.YaoMingisregardedoneofthegreatestChineseathletes.3.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestformsofexercise.4.regardtoyourquestionabouttheexamschedule,Iwillreplytoyoutomorrow.5.Sheregardedthestrangercuriosityandwonderedwhohewas.strugglen.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗搭配：strugglefor为……而斗争；努力争取……strugglewith与……作斗争；与……并肩作战struggleagainst与……作斗争；为反对……而斗争struggletodosth努力做某事例句：It’sastruggleformetostayfocusedwhenthere’ssomuchnoisearound.周围噪音太大时，我很难集中注意力。即学即练1.Theathleterosetohisfeetwithallhisstrength,(struggle)hiswaytothefinishingline.2.Theysufferedaheavydroughtthisyear.Theyhadtostrugglealiving.3.Manyteenagerswillstruggle(find)asenseofbelonging.4.Theyoungmanhasbeenstrugglingfreedomandlovetheseyears.5.Fromnowon,Ihopeeveryoneofuswillstruggle(make)ourdreametrue.6.Wehavetostruggleallkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.7.Wearewillingtostruggleourbeautifulfuturewithourhealthybodyandmind.begvt.恳求；祈求；哀求派生：beggarn.乞丐搭配：begyourpardon.[口语]对不起。(请再说一遍)begsbforsth.=begsthof/fromsb.向某人乞求某物beg(sb)todosth.乞求某人做某事例句：Afterclass,Lilyhurriedtotheteacher’sofficeandbeggedhimtoexplainthedifficultmathproblemagain,asshehadn’tfullyunderstooditinclass.课后，莉莉匆匆赶到老师办公室，恳求老师再讲解一遍那道难的数学题，因为她在课堂上没完全听懂。即学即练1.Agroupofhomelesspeoplestoodbytheroad,(beg)forsomemoney.2.A(beg)issomeonewholivesbyaskingpeopleformoneyorfood.3.IbeggedHelen(stay),butshewouldn’tlisten.4.Whenthedroughtlastedformonths,thevillagershadtobegthegovernmentmorewatersuppliestosavetheircrops.5.Marywenttothelibraryandbeggedanextensionoftheborrowingtimethelibrarian,becauseshestillneededthereferencebooktofinishherwriting.relatevt.联系；讲述派生：relatedadj.与……相关；涉及；谈到relationn.关系relationshipn.关系relativen.亲戚adj.相对的搭配：berelatedto与……有关relateAto/withB把A与B联系起来relate+故事/经历等（sth）+(tosb)向某人讲述某事例句：Duringtheclassmeeting,LucyrelatedherunforgettabletravelexperienceinYunnantoherclassmates,whichmadeeveryoneeagertovisitthere.班会课上，露西向同学们讲述了她在云南难忘的旅行经历，这让所有人都渴望去那里看看。即学即练一词多义：①Weshalldiscusstheproblemasitrelatestoourspecificcase.②ThesecondparagraphrelatestothesituationinScotland.2.Thechairmanreferredtomanyfactors(relate)tothefailureoftheplan.3.Itisrequiredthatthepositionshould(relate)tothestudents'life.4.Thepositioncallsfor(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingputers.5.Whathestressedwasrelated