2025研究前沿热度指数 Research Fronts 2025 Active Fields, Leading CountriesRegions -中国科学院

工

OPTHN

CASISD

2025

ResearchFronts:

ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

InstitutesofScienceandDevelopment,ChineseAcademyofSciences

Clarivate

Scienceandtechnologyareuniversalandepochal,andthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymustbeviewedfromaglobalperspective.Atpresent,majorbreakthroughsandacceleratedapplicationsoftechnologicalinnovationhavebeeninstrumentalinreshapingtheglobaleconomicstructureandtransformingthearenaofindustrialandeconomiccompetition.The“ResearchFronts2025”reportisaprequeltoanothersurvey,“ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions”,whichselectsanddiscusses110hotfrontsand18emergingfrontsin11broadresearchareas.Basedonthefindingsof“ResearchFronts2025”,thissecondreportusestheResearchLeadershipIndextoassesstheresearchactivityoftheworld’smajorcountries/regionsandtoobservehowthatactivity,inthefaceofglobalcompetitionininnovationandtechnologicaladvancement,isdemonstratedintheseResearchFronts.

110Hotfronts

18Emergingfronts

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions01

1Methodology

1.1ThelogicmodelofResearchLeadershipIndex(RLI)

TheResearchLeadershipIndex(RLI)isacomprehensiveevaluationmeasuretodeterminethedegreeofactivityinResearchFronts.SinceaResearchFrontitselfiscomposedofagroupofhighlycitedcorepapersalongwithsubsequentpapersthatcitethecoreliterature,thedesignoftheResearchLeadershipIndexconsidersthenumbersofthecorepapersandcitingpapers,aswellastheirrespectivecitations.Thesecalculationsunderlietwoindicators:OutputShareandCitation

Share.ThelogicalmodelofResearchLeadershipIndex(RLI)isshowninFigure1.

ResearchFronts

InfluenceIndex

(RFII)

Research

FrontsOutputIndex(RFOI)

ShareofCitationsto

CorePapers(SCCoP)

ShareofCorePapers(SCoP)

ResearchLeadershipIndex(RLI)

ShareofCitationsto

CitingPapers(SCCiP)

ShareofCitingPapers(SCiP)

Figure1.ThelogicmodelofResearchLeadershipIndex(RLI)

02ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

TheentitiesmeasuredbytheResearchLeadershipIndexcanbecountries/regions,cities,institutions,laboratories,teams,andindividualscientists.Eachentitycanbemeasuredatthreelevels:ResearchFrontlevel,arealevel,andalevelwithinthecontextof11broadresearchareas.

1.2ResearchLeadershipIndexofcountry/region(RLIC)

ThisreportcalculatestheResearchLeadershipIndexofmaincountries/regionsattheResearchFrontlevel,arealevel,andthelevelofall11broadresearchareas.Basedonthat,thereportdeterminedthedegreeofactivityininnovationanditspatternwithinthemaincountries/regionsasreflectedinResearchFronts,andrevealedthesourcesofresearchvitalityinvariouscountries/regions.Themethodsforcalculationandanalysisareasfollows:

1.2.1ResearchLeadershipIndexofacountry/regioninaResearchFront(RLICij)

TheResearchLeadershipIndexmeasuresacountry/region’sdegreeofactivityasreflectedinResearchFronts,includingtwoaspectsoftheoutputandcitationinfluenceofpapersinthefronts.TheequationforResearchLeadershipIndexofcountry/regioninaResearchFront(RLICij)is:

RLIRFOI+RFII=+++

copijcipijcocijcicij

cijcijcij

COPCipCOCCic

jjjj

RFOICijistheResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/region,RFIICijistheResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/region,jrepresentstheResearchFront,andirepresentseachcountry/region.

(1)ResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/region(RFOICij)

TheResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/region(RFOICij)istherelativeshareofthenumberofpapers(corepapersandcitingpapers)contributedbyacountry/regiontotheliteraturethatconstitutesaResearchFront.RFOICijequalsthesumofthetwoindicatorsSCoPCijandSCiPCij

COPCip

cijcijcij

RFol=Scop+scip=ij+ij

COPCip

jj

Acountry/region’sShareofCorePapersinaResearchFront(SCoPCij)indicatesthepercentagecopijofincopj.

copijrepresentsthenumberofcorepaperspublishedbycountry/regioniinResearchFrontj;copjrepresentsthenumberofcorepapersinResearchFrontj.

ACountry/region’sShareofCitingPaperinaResearchFront(SCiPCij)indicatesthepercentageofcipijincipj.

cipijrepresentsthenumberofcitingpaperspublishedbycountry/regioniinResearchFrontj;cipjrepresentsthenumberofCitingpapersinResearchFrontj.

(2)ResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/region(RFIICij)

TheResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/region(RFIICij)istherelativeshareofthecitationofpapers(coreandciting)thatacountry/regioncontributedinaResearchFront.RFIICijequalsthesumofthetwoindicatorsSCCoPCijandSCCiPCij.

COCCic

cijcijcij

RFIl=sCCOP+sccip=ij+ij

COCCic

jj

Country/region’sShareofCorePaperCitationforaResearchFront(SCCoPCij)indicatesthepercentageofcocijincocj.

cocijrepresentsthecitationofcorepaperspublishedbycountry/regioniinResearchFrontj;cocjrepresentsthecitationofcorepapersinResearchFrontj.

ThemeasureknownasCountry/region’sShareofCitationtoCitingPaperinaResearchFront(SCCiPCij)indicatesthepercentageofcicijincicj.

cicijrepresentsthecitationofcitingpaperspublishedby

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions03

country/regioniinResearchFrontj;cicjrepresentsthecitationofcitingpapersinResearchFrontj.

1.2.2ResearchLeadershipIndexofacountry/regioninanarea(RLICik)

TheResearchLeadershipIndexofcountry/regioniinareak(RLICik)isthesummationoftheResearchLeadershipIndexofcountry/regioni(RLICij)innResearchFrontsinareak.kistheonearea,nisthetotalnumberofareas.

TheformulaforRLICikisasfollows:

ncopijcipijncocijcicij

ikcikcik

RLI=RFOI+RFII=++十

jjjjjjjj

=1COP=1cip=1COC=1cic

RLICikisequaltothesumofthetwoindicatorsRFOICikandRFIICik.

(1)ResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/regioninanarea(RFOICik)

TheResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/regioninanarea(RFOICik)istherelativeshareofthenumberofpapers(coreandciting)contributedbyacountry/regiontoanareacomprisingnResearchFronts.RFOICikisequaltothesumofthetwoindicatorsSCoPCikandSCiPCik.

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCorePapersinanarea(SCoPCik)isbelow:

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCitingPapersinanarea(SCiPCik)is:

(2)ResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/regioninanarea(RFIICik)

TheResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/regioninanarea(RFIICik)istherelativeshareofthecitationofpapers(coreandciting)contributedbyacountry/regiontoanareacomprisingnResearchFronts.RFIICikequalsthe

sumofthetwoindicatorsSCCoPCikandSCCiPCik.

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCitationstoCorePapersinanarea(SCCoPCik)is:

Below,theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCitationstoCitingPapersinanarea(CiCSCik):

1.2.3ResearchLeadershipIndexofacountry/regionin

11broadresearchareas(RLICi)

TheResearchLeadershipIndexofacountry/regionin11broadresearchareas(RLICi)representsthescoresofRLICikof11broadresearchareasaddedtogether.Theindexisacomprehensiveevaluativeindextomeasurethedegreeofactivityofacountry/regionbasedonitscontributionto11broadresearchareascomprising128ResearchFronts.

cicici

RLI=RFOI+RFII

=oncopijoncipij1oncocij1oncicij

kjjkjjkjjkjj

=1=1COP=1=1cip=1=1COC=1=1cic

RLICiisequaltothesumofthetwoindicatorsRFOICiandRFIICi.

(1)ResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/regionin

11broadresearchareas(RFOICi)

TheResearchFrontsOutputIndexofacountry/regionin11broadresearchareas(RFOICi)isthesumoftherelativeshareofthenumberofpapers(coreandciting)contributedbyacountry/regionto11broadresearchareascomprising128ResearchFronts.RFOICiisequaltothesumofthetwoindicatorsSCoPCiandSCiPCi.

10ncopij10ncipij

RFolciscopci+scipci+

k=j=1copjk=1j-acipj

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCorePapersin11broadresearchareas(SCoPCi)isasfollows:

04ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

10ncopij

scopci

kjj

=1=1COP

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCitingPapersin11broadresearchareas(SCiPCi)is:

kjj

(2)ResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/regionin

11broadresearchareas(RFIICi)

TheResearchFrontsInfluenceIndexofacountry/regionin11broadresearchareas(RFIICi)isthesumoftherelativeshareofthecitationofpapers(coreandciting)contributedbyacountry/regionto11broadresearchareascomprising128ResearchFronts.RFIICiisequalto

thesumofthetwoindicatorsSCCoPCiandSCCiPCi.

10ncocij10ncicij

RFllci=sccopci+sccipci=+

k=1j=1cocjk=1j=1cicj

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCitationstoCorePapersin11broadresearchareas(SCCoPCi)isasfollows:

10ncocij

kjj

sccopci=,,C。C

Theformulaforacountry/region’sShareofCitationstoCitingPapersin11broadresearchareas(SCCiPCi)is:

10ncicij

kjj

sccipci=-cic

2025

ResearchFronts

ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions05

2.AnalysisoftheRLICiofTopCountries/Regions

WemeasuredtheRLIciofmaincountries/regionsforoverallperformancein11broadresearchareastoexaminetheirlevelofactivity,therebyidentifyingthedevelopmenttrendsandrelativeperformanceofeachcountry/regioninbasicresearch.

Thefollowinghighlightsarenoted.

06ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

2.1TheUSAranks1stinRLICi,whileChinaranks2ndbyanarrowmargin,andtheUKandGermanyareinthesecondtier

Basedon11broadresearchareasandeachcountry/region’srespectiveperformanceinthe128constituentResearchFronts,theUSAisthemostactive,withanRLICiscoreof193.03,ranking1st(Figure2).Chinaranks2ndwithascoreof182.37,about94.5%oftheUSA.Takentogetherwiththepreviousreports,thetrendofChinaandtheUSAadvancingsidebysidehasbecomeincreasinglysolidified.TheUKandGermanyscore73.93and72.43,respectively,ranking3rdand4th,inthesecondtier.Althoughthetwostilltrailbehindthetoptwo,theirrelativeadvantageremains

clearwhencomparedwithfifth-rankedCanada(41.81).

Othercountries/regionsrankedintheTop20oftheRLICicanbeplacedinthethirdtier,andsomeneighboringcountrieshaveonlyverysmallscoredifferences.TheRLICiscoresforAustralia,France,Italy,Japan,andSpainrankfrom6thto10th.The11thto20thplacesareoccupiedbytheNetherlands,Switzerland,SouthKorea,Sweden,India,Belgium,Austria,Israel,Denmark,andSingapore(Figure2).

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00

193.03

182.37

40.55

73.93

72.43

41.81

39.0438.0632.8832.1726.8126.5024.8023.0921.14

15.0213.9412.8912.4112.24

USA

China

UK

Germany

Canada

Australia

France

Italy

Japan

Spain

Netherlands

Switzerland

SouthKorea

Sweden

India

Belgium

Austria

Israel

Denmark

Singapore

ResearchLeadershipIndex(RLICi)

Figure2.ResearchLeadershipIndex(RLICi)ofTop20Countries/Regionsin11broadresearchareascomprising128ResearchFronts

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions07

Table1showsthethreeindicatorsRLICi,RFOICi,andRFIICifortheTop20countries/regions.China’sindicatorsRFOICiscoreis8.03points(or8.3%)higherthanthatoftheUSAandhasrelativelystrongresearchoutputcapacity.TheRFIICiscoreoftheUSAis18.70points(or23.9%)higher

thanthatofChina,showingasignificantadvantage,anditsleadintheglobalimpactofresearchoutputsisevengreater.TheUKandGermanyarenearlyindistinguishableacrossallthreeindicators.

Table1.TheResearchLeadershipIndex(RLICi)ofTop20Countries/regionsin11broadresearchareascomprising128ResearchFronts

RLICi

RFOICi

RFIICi

Score

Rank

Score

Rank

Score

Rank

USA

193.03

1

96.02

2

97.02

1

China

182.37

2

104.05

1

78.32

2

UK

73.93

3

34.68

4

39.26

3

Germany

72.43

4

34.97

3

37.45

4

Canada

41.81

5

18.57

6

23.24

5

Australia

40.55

6

18.43

7

22.12

6

France

39.04

7

18.57

5

20.47

7

Italy

38.06

8

18.08

8

19.98

8

Japan

32.88

9

16.40

9

16.48

9

Spain

32.17

10

15.74

10

16.42

10

Netherlands

26.81

11

12.03

13

14.78

11

Switzerland

26.50

12

12.66

11

13.84

12

SouthKorea

24.80

13

12.59

12

12.22

13

Sweden

23.09

14

11.11

14

11.98

14

India

21.14

15

11.00

15

10.14

15

Belgium

15.02

16

6.41

17

8.61

16

Austria

13.94

17

7.18

16

6.76

20

Israel

12.89

18

5.75

18

7.14

17

Denmark

12.41

19

5.55

19

6.86

18

Singapore

12.24

20

5.53

20

6.70

21

08ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

2.2ThegapbetweenChinaandtheUSAcontinuestonarrow

From2017to2025,therelativeratioofRLICibetweenChinaandtheUSAshowedanoveralltrendoffluctuatingupwardgrowth.Chinawasequivalentto42.3%oftheUSAin2017,roseto52.1%in2018,andfurtherincreasedto68.2%in2019,achievingsteadygrowthforthreeconsecutiveyears;afteraslightdeclinein2020,itroseto

91.5%in2021;thiswasfollowedbythreeyearsofrapidadjustment,withthelowestpoint(in2023)fallingbacktoalevelcomparabletothatof2020.However,beginningin2024,itre-enteredanupwardtrajectory,reachinganewpeakof94.5%in2025,effectivelydoublingcomparedwith2017.

RelativeratioofRLICibetweenChinaandtheUSA

100.0%

90.0%

80.0%

70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%

94.5%

91.5%

78.6%

68.2%

76.1%

66.8%65.4%

52.1%42.3%

201720182019202020212022202320242025

Figure3.RelativeratioofRLICibetweenChinaandtheUSAin11broadresearchareas

comprising128ResearchFronts

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions09

2.3ChinaandtheUSAperformonpar,withtheUSAachievingthehighestscoreinfiveareas,andChinaleadsinsixareas

Inall11areas,Chinascoredthehighestinsix,andtheUSAinfive,withthetwocountriesjointlytakingthehighestscoresineacharea.Byresearcharea,theUSA’sRLICiscoresrank1stinfiveofthemainareas:“Geosciences”,“Clinicalmedicine”,“Biologicalsciences”,“Astronomyandastrophysics”,and“Mathematics”,and2ndintheothersixareas.ThisshowingdemonstratesthattheoverallactivityleveloftheUSAinbasicresearchremainsthestrongest.

China’sRLICiscoresrank1stinsixareas:“Agricultural,plantandanimalsciences”,“Ecologyandenvironmentalscience”,“Chemistryandmaterialsscience”,“Physics”,“Informationscience”,and“Economics,psychologyandothersocialsciences”,andranks2ndinthreeareas:“Geosciences”,“Biologicalsciences”,and“Mathematics”,whileranking4thand5th,respectively,in“Clinicalmedicine”and“Astronomyandastrophysics”.

“Clinicalmedicine”and“Astronomyandastrophysics”

havealwaysbeenrelativelyweakareasforChina.However,theoverallsituationinthesetwofieldsstillshowsanupwardtrend.Forthisstudy,wecomparedthechangesofRLICiinthesetwoareasinthelastnineyears.From2017to2025,in“ClinicalMedicine”,Chinaranked10th,13th,9th,12th,1st,4th,9th,6th,and4thintermsofRLICi.Amongthem,inthefirstfouryears2017-2020,therankingofChina’sRLICigenerallyhoveredaround10thplace.In2021and2022,duetothelargeshareoftheResearchFrontsrelatedtoCOVID-19,China’srankingin“Clinicalmedicine”surgedtemporarily,reaching1stand4thplace,respectively.In2023,itreturnedtothelevelof2019(9thplace),butinthefollowingyears,China’srankingimprovedbythreeplacesin2024andtwoplacesin2025comparedwiththepreviousyear,showingaclearupwardtrend.Meanwhile,Chinarespectivelyranked11th,19th,11th,8th,8th,7th,8th,6th,and5thin“Astronomyandastrophysics”forthelastnineyears,showsastableandupwardtrend.

10ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

Table2.ThescoreandrankofRLICiandRLICikofTop20Countries/Regions

Agricultural,plantandanimal

Economics,

Ecologyand

11broad

Astronomy

and

Chemistry

Informationscience

psychology

Clinical

medicine

research

areas

environmental

and

Geosciences

Mathematics

Physics

materials

andother

science

astrophysics.

sciences

ScoreRank

7.612

18.631

4.014

4.833

3.267

3.626

1.969

1.4813

1.2414

1.7011

1.0817

1.7910

1.988

1.1116

3.865

0.6819

0.4920

1.5512

0.7618

1.2315

socialsciences

science

Biologicalscience

Countries/regions

USA

China

UK

Germany

Canada

Australia

France

Italy

Japan

Spain

Netherlands

Switzerland

SouthKorea

Sweden

India

Belgium

Austria

Israel

Denmark

Singapore

ScoreRank

34.041

10.554

11.413

11.782

8.897

6.3910

8.738

9.865

7.109

9.636

5.9712

2.7914

3.9313

2.1117

1.6418

6.2511

1.1919

2.5115

1.1120

2.4816

ScoreRank

25.311

18.822

10.603

10.164

5.145

3.309

2.5714

3.2410

2.5215

2.6213

3.897

1.8717

3.916

3.868

1.1720

2.1916

1.6419

3.0211

2.9712

1.6918

ScoreRank

16.951

15.622

8.714

9.093

3.0111

5.256

7.085

3.929

4.537

3.2310

2.6212

4.108

1.8416

2.2314

2.2413

1.1018

1.7217

0.4419

1.9615

0.3620

ScoreRank

193.031

182.372

73.933

72.434

41.815

40.556

39.047

38.068

32.889

32.1710

26.8111

26.5012

24.8013

23.0914

21.1415

15.0216

13.9417

12.8918

12.4119

12.2420

ScoreRank

14.362

19.581

7.323

5.254

1.759

1.768

1.5210

1.1112

0.6617

0.7214

0.7215

2.027

2.186

0.6816

0.8913

0.1920

0.2719

1.1211

0.4118

2.575

ScoreRank

25.711

12.272

1.396

2.344

2.305

0.4116

0.889

0.928

0.3018

0.6811

0.6512

2.413

0.4215

0.2019

0.4017

0.977

0.8610

0.6213

0.2020

0.5714

ScoreRank

ScoreRank

14.042

16.551

4.425

5.654

1.0415

0.9517

2.168

3.306

5.923

2.009

0.7019

1.4411

2.987

1.2113

1.3712

0.9816

1.6510

1.1714

0.6820

0.8118

ScoreRank

ScoreRank

ScoreRank

21.591

9.675

10.403

11.432

6.9510

7.448

8.906

9.954

6.8611

7.547

4.7113

5.3612

2.7715

7.079

4.1114

1.0718

2.7416

2.1217

1.0619

0.0120

12.512

15.161

7.693

3.425

1.739

5.274

2.338

1.6110

0.4318

1.2913

2.976

0.8717

1.3212

0.9315

2.617

0.3019

1.3811

0.2020

0.8916

1.2214

10.232

23.101

4.565

5.113

4.306

4.734

2.0011

2.3710

1.8613

1.6516

2.499

2.968

0.8018

3.467

1.8614

0.8617

1.7915

0.0620

1.9712

0.3619

10.692

22.411

3.434

3.375

3.453

1.448

0.9213

0.3117

1.477

1.109

1.0210

0.8814

2.676

0.2418

1.0011

0.4315

0.2219

0.0720

0.4016

0.9312

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions11

TheUSAandChinadominatetheglobalResearchFronts,whileothercountriesreachthetoponlyinselectareasorspecificfronts.Amongthe110hotResearchFrontsand18emergingResearchFrontsin11broadresearchareas,ChinaandtheUSAcombinetoaccountforthe#1rankingin90.6%ofthe128fronts.TheUSAranks1stin64,accountingfor50.0%ofthe128ResearchFronts.Chinaearnsthetopspotin52fronts,or40.6%.GermanyistopsinthreeResearchFronts,theUKandCanadaeachrank1stinone.Australia,Egypt,India,Italy,Japan,Pakistan,andSouthKoreaalsorank1stinone.

Ofthe11broadresearchareas,intheareasof“Agricultural,plantandanimalsciences”,“Ecologyandenvironmentalsciences”,“Chemistryandmaterialsscience”,and“Informationscience”,thenumberoffrontsinwhichChinaranks1stfarexceedsthatoftheUSA.Intheareaof“Physics”,and“Economics,psychologyandothersocialsciences”,thenumberoffrontsinwhichChinaranks1stisalmostequaltothatoftheUSA.Inthefiveareasof“Geosciences”,“Clinicalmedicine”,“Biologicalsciences”,“Astronomyandastrophysics”,and“Mathematics”,thenumberoffrontswhereChinaranks1stisallsignificantlyfewerthanthatoftheUSA(Table3).

Table3.ThenumbersandratiosoftheResearchFrontsinwhichtherespectiveTop5

countries/regionsrankfirst,outof128frontsin11broadresearchareas(basedonRLICi)

Numbersofranking1stRFs

Ratios(%)

USAChinaGermanyUKCanada

USA

ChinaGermanyUK

Canada

64

52

3

1

1

50.0

40.6

2.3

0.8

0.8

2

6

0

0

0

18.2

54.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

2

8

0

0

1

18.2

72.7

0.0

0.0

9.1

6

3

1

0

0

54.5

27.3

9.1

0.0

0.0

15

1

0

0

0

88.2

5.9

0.0

0.0

0.0

9

4

1

0

0

64.3

28.6

7.1

0.0

0.0

2

9

0

0

0

18.2

81.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

4

6

0

0

0

36.4

54.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

8

2

0

0

0

80.0

20.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

8

1

1

0

0

80.0

10.0

10.0

0.0

0.0

3

8

0

0

0

27.3

72.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

5

4

0

1

0

45.5

36.4

0.0

9.1

0.0

11broadresearchareastotal

Agricultural,plantandanimalsciencesEcologyandenvironmentalsciences

Geosciences

Clinicalmedicine

Biologicalsciences

Chemistryandmaterialsscience

Physics

Astronomyandastrophysics

Mathematics

Informationscience

Economics,psychologyandothersocialsciences

NumbersofRFs

128

11

11

11

17

14

11

11

10

10

11

11

Areas

|Numbersofranking1stRFs|

USA

China

Germany

UK

Canada

64

52

3

1

1

12ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions

Amongcountries/regionsrankingamongthetopthreeperformersinthe128ResearchFronts,theUSAearnsthatdistinctionin109fronts,or85.2%,Chinain84ResearchFronts(65.6%),Germanyin38,theUKin35,andCanada

in16,withthelatterthreecountries/regionsabletoboasttheachievementin29.7%,27.3%and12.5%ofthetotalnumberofResearchFronts(Table4).

Table4.Thenumbersandratiosofcountries/regionsrankingamongthetopthreeperformersinResearchFronts,amongtheTop5countries/regionsin11broadresearchareascomprising128ResearchFronts(basedonRLICi)

NumbersofrankingTopthreeRFs

Ratios(%)

USAChina

Germany

UKCanada

USA

ChinaGermany

UK

Canada

10984

38

3516

85.2

65.6

29.7

27.3

12.5

610

2

10

54.5

90.9

18.2

9.1

0.0

88

1

13

72.7

72.7

9.1

9.1

27.3

106

2

40

90.9

54.5

18.2

36.4

0.0

165

5

55

94.1

29.4

29.4

29.4

29.4

129

5

51

85.7

64.3

35.7

35.7

7.1

1011

2

33

90.9

100.0

18.2

27.3

27.3

117

4

20

100.0

63.6

36.4

18.2

0.0

92

6

42

90.0

20.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

109

3

12

100.0

90.0

30.0

10.0

20.0

1011

5

40

90.9

100.0

45.5

36.4

0.0

76

3

50

63.6

54.5

27.3

45.5

0.0

11broadresearchareastotal

Agricultural,plantandanimalsciencesEcologyandenvironmentalsciencesGeosciences

Clinicalmedicine

Biologicalsciences

ChemistryandmaterialssciencePhysics

AstronomyandastrophysicsMathematics

Informationscience

Economics,psychologyandothersocialsciences

NumbersofRFs

128

11

11

11

17

14

11

11

10

10

11

11

Areas

84

109

16

3835

USA

China

Canada

GermanyUK

|NumbersofrankingTopthreeRFs|

ResearchFronts2025:ActiveFields,LeadingCountries/Regions