上海市静安区2025-2026学年上学期高三英语一模试卷（无答案）

静安区2025学年度第一学期教学质量调研高三英语试卷（时间105分钟，满分115分）考生注意：1.本试卷共10页。2.答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。3.答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhenBillPriestwalkedintohiskitchenonarecentSunday,hegottheshockofhislife.Anadultblackbearwashelpingitself(1)____somejamandcrackersPriesthadleftoutonthekitchencounter.“Ifroze,”Priestsaid.“Iwasintotalshock.”Priest,whohadjustreturnedfromworkinginhisyard,(2)____(grab)achairtoputbetweenhimandtheanimal.Heeventuallygotthebearoutthroughthefrontdoorbyscreaming,(3)____eventuallyleftbutnotbeforeitateanentirebagofmarshmallows(棉花糖).(4)____happenednextwasevenmorealarmingforPriest.Thebearcamebackthenextdayandtoreascreentryingtogetinside.TheDepartmentofEnergyandEnvironmentalProtection(DEEP)hasnowsetupatrapinPriest’sbackyardwiththehopeofcatchingthebear.Theplanis(5)____(shoot)itwithapaintballgunandmakeloudnoises–essentiallytoreconditionitandretrainit,toteachthebeartobemoreafraidofhumansbyassociatingabadexperiencewithhumanactivity.Priestisn’talone.Moredangerousmeetingswiththewildanimals(6)____(report)acrossthestatesofar.“Bearslearnfromus,”saidJasonHawley,statewildlifebiologistonthebearprogramwithDEEP.“Themorebearsareinteractingwithpeople,themorecomfortable(7)____become.”(8)____abearnolongerfearshumans,itisconsidered“habituated”,whichmakesthatanimalmoredangerous.“Leavingtrashoutsideandnot(9)(lock)uporhavinganyfoodsourcearoundyourhouseisconditioningabeartobehabituated,”Hawleysaid.Evenmorereckless(鲁莽的),hesaid,isintentionallyfeedingabear.“Itisharmingthatbear,”Hawleysaid.“Whensomeonefeedsabear,theyarechangingtheirbehaviortonotfearhumans,whichmeansthatanimalultimatelywillendup(10)(harm)someoneelseorhavetobeputdown.”SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Frequentflyershaveabagoftrickstogetoverjetlag.Scientistshaveplentyofsuggestionstoo:fromgettingadoseofsunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)orahitofexercise,tostayinghydrated,skippingcaffeine,andeatingatlocalmealtimes.Whilenoneareguaranteedquick

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,thesetipshelpourbodies

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backintotheirusualinternalclockswhichcoursethrougheveryorganofthebody,controlledbya‘masterclock’inthebrain.Now,ateamofUSresearchersmodelingthosecircadianrhythms(昼夜节律)haslandedonwhattheysayisthefastestwaytoshakeoffjetlagandresetyourbodyclock–astrategythatcould

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tosleepyshiftworkerstoo.“Havingalargermealintheearlymorningofthenewtimezonecanhelpovercomejetlag,”saysappliedmathematicianYitongHuangofNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois,wholedthemodelingstudy.“Constantly

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mealschedulesorhavingamealatnightisdiscouraged,asitcanleadtoamismatchbetweencircadianrhythms.”Thefindingsnotonlyechoearlierstudiesonmealtiming,butalsoextendourunderstandingofwhycircadianrhythms

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withage.Huangandcolleagues

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internalclocksusingasuiteofmathematicalequations,aroughapproximationofthehumanbodyatbest,sotheycouldanalyzemultiplebiologicalclocksandcuesatonce,includinglightexposureandfoodintake.Ofparticularinteresttotheresearchersweretheeffectsofagingoncircadianrhythms.Olderfolksgenerallytakelongertorecoverfromjetlag,whichmightbebecausetheircircadianrhythmsaremoreeasily

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ortakelongertoregroup.Huangandcolleagues’findingsreaffirmwhathasbeensuggestedbeforefromanimalstudies,aboutthewaycircadianrhythmstirewithage.Weaker

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fromtheagingbrain’ssuprachiasmaticnucleus(视交叉上核)ledtothebody’ssecondaryclocksbecomingdisorganized,andthoseclockstooklongertorecoverfroma6-hourtimeshiftsimilartolong-distancetravel.Reduced

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tolighthadasimilareffect.Asforfood,theteams’modelingsuggestsalarge,singlemealintheearlymorningforthreedayscanhelprealignourbodyclocksafterjetlag.“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofsecondaryclocksinregulatingthecircadianrhythmsandprovidefreshinsightsintothecomplex

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betweenagingandtheresilienceofthecircadiansystem,”Huangandcolleagueswrite.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.It’slongbeenthoughtthattheearlieryoulearnnewskills,theeasiertheyareto

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.That’spartofthereasonwhyearlychildhoodwasonceconsideredthebesttimetobe

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toasecondlanguage.Butwhetherthatholdstruehasbeenheavilydebatedinthescientificcommunity.Unfortunately,theideahashelpedincreasedoubtinolderindividuals’abilitytoquicklyadapttonewlanguages,preventingthe

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ofmanypotentialpolyglots(通晓多种言者).Asaconstantly

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andcomplexorgan,thehumanbrainretainssignificantpotentialforhigherlearningafterpuberty.Adultsandchildrensimplyabsorbandlearnthingsdifferently.“Researchshowsthatadultsarebetterlearnersinmanyareasbecausewehavealotof

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andwe’reveryattentivewhenwewanttolearnsomething,”saysLourdesOrtega,aprofessoroflinguisticsatGeorgetownUniversity.“Formost,itcantakeyearstoreach

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inaforeignlanguage.”AccordingtoTheForeignServiceInstitute(FSI),factorssuchasaperson’snaturalability,theirpreviouslinguisticexperience,andtheconsistencyoftheirlessons

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thelanguagelearningprocess.TheFSIalsoreportsthatlanguagesmore

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totheirown,likeSpanishorFrench,canbelearnedrelativelyquickly–ofteninabout24-30weeks.

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,languageswithsignificantculturaldifferencesfromEnglish,suchasGreekorRussian,generallyrequireabout44weeks.Theseestimatesreflectastrictstudymodel,involvingseveraldedicatedhoursofpracticespreadacrossmultipledaysperweek.Itis

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toexpectanyindividualtofollowsuchademandingschedulealone.“Noonecanlearn,asanadult,anewlanguageunlesstheyloveitandunlesstheymakeitpartoftheirlife,”saysOrtega.“Intheory,it’sagreatthing,butyouneedtohavereasonsforitandthetimetoinvestinit.”Atthesametime,whileadultsbenefitfrommotivationand

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efforts,childrenapproachlearningdifferently,andbothagegroupshaveuniquestrengthsandweaknesseswhenitcomesto

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newconnections.Childrentendtolearnnewlanguagesmore

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,mayhavemoreopportunitiestoplayandexperimentwithnewlanguages,andmaybeforcedtoadaptwithouttheaidoftranslationappsorotherresources.Adults,meanwhile,canemploycustomized

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toimprovetheirlanguagelearningexperience.

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,theycreatetheirownmemorizationsystemsorvisualizationtechniques.Still,scientistsarediscoveringthatcognitiveprocessesacrossdifferentagesarefarmorecomplexthanpreviouslythought,suggestingthatlearningpotentialremainssignificantwellbeyondearlychildhood.21.A.setoff B.holdout C.pickup D.makefor22.A.accustomed B.exposed C.instructed D.imposed23.A.emergence B.supervision C.guidance D.absence24.A.restoring B.evolving C.adopting D.inferring25.A.self-doubt B.self-esteem C.self-criticism D.self-regulation26.A.mastery B.agreement C.coverage D.dimension27.A.hint B.integrate C.affect D.speed28.A.unique B.similar C.respective D.resistant29.A.Inessence B.Bycontrast C.Inaddition D.Tosomeextent30.A.invaluable B.conventional C.unrealistic D.distinctive31.A.deliberate B.random C.joint D.ideal32.A.masking B.grasping C.narrowing D.reforming33.A.instinctively B.consciously C.mutually D.duly34.A.formats B.gestures C.attainments D.strategies35.A.Asawhole B.Forinstance C.Inconclusion D.BythewaySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)NicoleKillianwaspreoccupiedbeforehearingofthehurricane(飓风).First,sheworriedaboutsafetyandcheckedonneighborsandfamily.Thenshethoughtaboutrepairs,bills,andaboutwhentouristswouldreturnforpeopletowork.Amongthesehumanconcerns,it'stoughtorememberthenaturalworld,evenforKillian,aconservationistandnaturalistwhoearnsalivingbysharingFlorida'swestcoastwaterways.Butthentherewasthatdolphin.AweekafterHurricaneMiltonhitEnglewood,adolphinwascaughtinafloatingcrabtrapneartheboatlaunchwhereNicoleKilliankeptequipmentforherbusiness.Ateamtriedtofreeit.AsbiologistsworkedtosaveandreleasethedolphinintoLemonBay,Killianandherhusbandknewtheyneededtodosomething."Wehadalwaysknownwewantedtohelpcleanupthewaterway,”shesays.“Butafterhearingaboutthedolphin,weknewweneededtoactfast.”Themangroves(红树林)Killianguidestouriststhroughwerelitteredwithplasticbags,drywall,andbrokentwo-by-fours.Mangrovesaretheecosystem’snaturalfilter.ButtheKilliansrecognizedthatinthissituation,theplantsneededassistance.SotheydecidedtoorganizeagrouptoboatalongthebanksofLemonBayandremovetrash.“WedecidedtocallitWaterwayWarriors,”shesays.“Becauseweneedanarmyofenvironmentaliststohelp.”Cleaningupmangrovesisn’tstraightforward.Thevolunteerspulledoutgastanksandmetalsheets,dockremainsandcrabtraps.“Everybodywashappytobethereandgladsomebodywasdoingsomething,”onevolunteersays.“Therewasalotoflaughter,alotofsmilesandalotoftriumph.”Indeed,adisturbingphenomenonoccurswithhurricanes,Killian’shusbandsays.Somepeople’slivesareturnedupsidedown,withruinedhomesandlostjobs.Othersarejustfine.Inatight-knitcommunitylikethisone,whereneighborsknowoneanother,thatcanleavesurvivors’guiltanddeepdesiretohelp.TheWaterwayWarriorscleanupsturnedouttobeasmuchforthepeopleastheyareforthemangrovesandtheothercreaturesthatliveinthearea.“We’velearnedwe’reastrongcommunity,”MsKilliansays.“We’velearnedthatpeoplewanttohelp.”36.WhateventmotivatedKillianandherhusbandtotakeimmediateaction?A.Thehurricane’sdamagetotheirtourbusiness.B.Atrappeddolphindiscoveredafterthehurricane.C.Thereturnoftouriststothemangroveareas.D.Thegovernment’srequestforcleanupvolunteers.37.Whatisthemainpurposeofthe“WaterwayWarriors”group?A.ToteachtouristsaboutFlorida’swildlife.B.Tohelpcleanandrestorelocalwaterways.C.Torescueseaanimalstrappedafterstorms.D.Tocollectdonationsforhurricanevictims.38.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheWaterwayWarriorscleanupsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyhelpedrelievepsychologicalstressinthecommunity.B.Theyencouragedmoretouriststohelpthecommunity.C.Theyhighlightedthedestructivepowerofhurricanes.D.Theyofferedjobstosurvivorsinthecommunity.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Therescueofadolphinafterahurricane.B.Theenvironmentaldamagecausedbyahurricane.C.Community-ledrecoveryeffortsafteradisaster.D.Therelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.(B)Prescription(处方)DrugFactsRxOnlyActiveIngredientPurposeIZERVAY(vacincaptadpegolintravitrealsolution)………GeographicAtrophy(萎缩)(GA)TreatmentUsesIZERVAY(ahy-zer-vay)isaprescriptioneyeinjectiongivenbyaneyecareprofessional.IZERVAYisusedtotreatgeographicatrophy(GA),theadvancedformofdryage-relatedmaculardegeneration(黄斑变性)(AMD).DonotreceivetreatmentwithIZERVAYifyou:■haveaninfectioninoraroundyoureye.■haveactiveswellinginoraroundyoureyethatmayincludepainandredness.WarningsBeforeyouaretreatedwithIZERVAY,tellyourhealthcareprovideraboutallofyourmedicalconditions,includingifyou:■haveahistoryofseeingflashesoflightorsmallspecksfloatinginyourvision.■havehighpressureintheeyeorifyouhaveglaucoma(青光眼).■arepregnantorbreastfeeding,thinkyoumaybepregnant,orareplanningtohaveababy.■aretakinganymedications,includingprescriptionandover-the-countermedicines,vitamins,andherbalsupplements.WhatshouldIavoidwhilereceivingIZERVAY?■Yourvisionmaybeimpairedafterreceivinganeyeinjectionorafteraneyeexam.Donotdriveorusemachineryuntilyourvisionhasrecoveredsufficiently.SeriousSideEffects■EyeinjectionsliketheoneforIZERVAYcancauseaneyeinfection(endophthalmitis)orseparationoflayersoftheretina(retinaldetachment).■Ifyouhaverednessoftheeye,eyepain,increaseddiscomfort,worseningeyeredness,blurred(模糊的)ordecreasedvision,anincreasednumberofsmallspecksfloatinginyourvision,flashesoflight,orincreasedsensitivitytolight,callallyourhealthcareproviderrightaway.■ThereisariskofdevelopingwetAMDwithIZERVAY.Youshouldreportanysymptoms(visualdistortionssuchasstraightlines,seemingbent,deteriorationinvision,darkspots,lossofcentralvision)toyourhealthcareprovidertomonitor.■IZERVAYmaycauseatemporaryincreaseineyepressureaftertheinjection.Yourhealthcareproviderwillmonitorthisaftereachinjection.ThesearenotallthepossiblesideeffectsofIZERVAY.Callyourhealthcareproviderformedicaladviceaboutsideeffects.YouareencouragedtoreportnegativesideeffectsofprescriptiondrugstotheFDA.Visit/medwatch,orcallat1-800-FDA-1088.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseanewdrugforeyediseases.B.Toinstructpatientsonhowtoself-administerIZERVAYinjections.C.Toprovidekeysafetyinformationforaprescriptiondrug.D.Tocomparedifferenttherapiesformaculardegeneration.41.WhatshouldapatientdoimmediatelyifflashesoflightoccurafterreceivingIZERVAY?A.MonitorforthedevelopmentofwetAMD.B.Seekimmediatemedicalattention.C.Observewhetherthesymptomsimproveovertime.D.Reviewalltheircurrentmedications.42.Mr.Johnson,aged68,withGeographicAtrophy,takesseveralherbalsupplementsdaily.BeforehisfirstIZERVAYinjection,whatisthemostimportantstepheshouldtake?A.Arrangeforsomeonetoaccompanyhimtotheclinic.B.Informhisdoctoraboutalltheherbalsupplementsheistaking.C.Closelymonitorhisvisionforanynewfloatersorflashesoflight.D.Stoptakinghisherbalsupplementswithoutdoctors'advice.(C)Geology,thestudyofthestructureandformationoftheEarth,isthebabyofalltheothersciences.Untilcomparativelyrecently,scholarspaidlittleattentiontorocksandrockformations.Indeed,thewordgeologyonlyappearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtookanotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneralusage.GeologymadeitsfirstappearanceintheEncyclopediaBritannica(大英百科全书)inthe1810edition.Despitethisinclusion,thescienceofgeologyremainedlargelyignoreduntilmuchlaterinthecentury.NowadaysthemysteryoftheEarthanditsformationfascinatesgeologistsacrosstheworld.However,fewpeopleknowthatthewholemoderndisciplineofgeologyandthewaywelookatourworldowesitsinspirationtoasinglemanwithanextraordinarypassionforlandscapeandrocks.ThatmanwasWilliamSmith,whowasbornin1769inthesmallvillageofChurchillinthesouthofEngland.Fromanearlyage,Williamshowedastronginterestintheworldabouthimandaskedquestionsaboutthelandscapethatnoonecouldproperlyanswer.AsayoungboyWilliampickedupstrange-lookingstonesthatlayinthefieldsaroundhishomeandfeltthatsomeofthemostcommonpatternsinthesestoneslookedlikeanimalsfoundlivinginthesea.Heaskedthemenofknowledgeandscienceinthedistricthowthesestonescametofindthemselveshere.Noone,itseemed,hadanswerstohisquestionsoreventhoughtitremotelyinterestingtoaskthequestionsinthefirstplace.AchancemeetingwithamancalledEdwardWebbledtoWilliambeingofferedapositiontoworkdownthemines.Hecametorealizethatdifferenttypesofrocklayatdifferentlevelsashewentdeeperunderground.ThisledWilliamtosuggestthatolderrockslaydeeperthannewerrocks.Armedwithhisnewfoundinsightintothebirthofrocks,WilliamwalkedthelengthandbreadthofGreatBritainwiththeintentionofsurveyingandcategorizingallthewonderfullydifferenttypesofrocksthathefound.IttookWilliammanyyearsoffrustrationandhardshiptodrawahugemapofGreatBritainbyhand.Themap,ondisplaytodayatBurlingtonHouseinLondon,usesbeautifulcolorstoshoweverylayerofrockbelowinthemostprecisedetail.Uniqueinitstime,William'smapgavebirthtoeverygeologicalsurveythatwetakeforgrantedintheworldtoday.43.Theauthormentionsthelateinclusionof"geology"intheEncyclopediaBritannicaprimarilyto______.A.questiontheaccuracyofearliereditionsoftheencyclopediaB.highlighttheslowacademicacceptanceofgeologyasadisciplineC.emphasizethepioneeringcontributionoftheEncyclopediaBritannicatoscienceD.provideaprecisebirthdatefortheformalstudyofEarth'sstructure44.WilliamSmith'skeycontributiontogeologywastherealizationthat______.A.miningoperationswerecrucialforaccessingcompleterockordersB.theentireBritishlandscapecouldberepresentedinadetailedmapC.fossilsprovidedtheonlyreliablemeansforclassifyingrocktypesD.theorderofrocklayerspreservedarecordofpastgeologicaltime45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Smith'sextensivetravelswerethemostimportantpartofhiswork.B.ThemainvalueofSmith'smaptodayisasapieceofdisplayedart.C.Smith'sworklaidthefoundationformoderngeologicalsurveys.D.Smith'smapwasimmediatelyrecognizedasamajorscientificbreakthrough.46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowFossilPatternsRevealedAncientSeasB.TheManWhoUncoveredtheEarth'sStoryC.TheEncyclopediaBritannicaandtheRiseofGeologyD.WilliamSmith:FromMinertoMasterofMappingSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.AntsasModelsforSmoothTrafficFromanairplane,carscrawlingdownthehighwaylooklikeants.Butactualants–unlikecars–somehowmanagetoavoidtheproblemofstop-and-gotraffic.Researchersarenowstudyingtheseinsects’cooperativestrategiestolearnhowtoprogramself-drivingcarsthatdon’tjamup.Thefreeflowoftrafficbecomesunstableasthedensityofcarsincreasesonahighway.At1’,vehiclespermileperlane,onedrivertappingtheirbrakescantriggerapersistentwaveofcongestion(拥堵).“

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,”saysKatsuhiroNishinari,amathematicalphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo,whostudiesthesejammingtransitions.Nishinari’spreviousresearchhadshownthatforaging(觅食)antscanmaintaintheirflowevenathighdensities.InarecentstudypublishedinTransportationResearchInterdisciplinaryPerspectives,researchersrecordedOchetellusantsonsearchingtrails.

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Theyfoundthattheantsdon’tjamatrushhourbecausetheytravelingroupsofthreeto20thatmoveatnearlyconstantrateswhilekeepinggooddistancesbetweenoneanotherandtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.

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Butself-drivingcars,iftheyonedaybecomewidespread,couldhavemorecooperativeprogramming.Inonevisionofthisfuture,autonomousvehicleswouldshareinformationwithnearbycarstooptimizetrafficflow–perhaps,theresearcherssuggest,byprioritizingconstantspeedsandheadwaysorbynotpassingothersontheroad.Thisvehiclenetworkwouldbesimilartoantsonatrail,whichusescenttocoordinatebehaviorwhileinteractingwithoneanother.“Thereisnoleaderbutthisorganizationemergesanyway,”saysNoaPinter-Wollman,abehavioralscientistcurrentlystudyingantsattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Andinbothantandvehicletraffic,thistypeofdistributedsystemcanbe“very,verystrongandresilient”,Nishinarisays.Today’sdriverscanlearnfromantstoavoidcausingatrafficjam,Nishinarisays:“don’ttailgate(尾随).”Byleavingroombetweentheircarandtheoneahead,driverscanabsorbawaveofbrakinginheavytraffic.

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“Justkeepingaway,”hesays,canhelptrafficflowsmoothly.III.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.U