太极英语 课件 U16 Shangbuqixing and Xiabukuahu

太极英语Unit16ShangbuqixingandXiabukuahu1.ExplainthemeaningofShangbuqixingandXiabukuahu.2.IllustratethetwoformsinEnglish.3.LearnabouttheGreatWall.LearningObjectives1.解释“上步七星”和“下步跨虎”的意思。2.用英语讲解这两个招式。3.了解长城。Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandmakeyourowninpairs.WheretheSevenStarsAreA:Bennett,whathaveyoubeenbusywithyourselfrecently?B:Withastudyoffiguresandstars,Aaron.A:Figuresandstars?That’sfun.Whathaveyoudiscovered?B:I’vefoundthattheChinesepeoplehaveaspecialpreferenceforthestars.Theyputthemintoquiteafewidioms,incombinationwithsomefigures.七星所在甲：贝内特，你自个儿近来忙啥呢？乙：忙着研究数字和星星，亚伦。甲：数字和星星？有意思。你有什么发现？乙：我发现中国人对星星真是青睐有加。他们将星星与一些数字相结合，创造了很多习语。A:Idiomslargelyreflectthecultureofanation.YoumusthaveknownmoreaboutChineseculture.Couldyoutellmesome,please?B:Forexample,thereare“thethreestarsshininghigh”“thefivepearl-likestarsinachain1”“theroomlikesevenstars2”,andsoon.甲：习语在很大程度上能反映出一个民族的文化。你对中国文化一定了解更深了。能说几个听听吗？乙：比如三星高照、五星连珠和屋如七星等。A:Terrific.Theydohavefiguresandstarswithin.Butwhatdotheymean?B:Thethreestarsshininghighmeansonehasaluckydestiny3.A:Howlucky?B:Itcomestothemeaningofthethreestars,whichrefertotheauspiciousness,salaryandlongevitystarsinthetraditionalChineseculture.Theidiomshowsoneisfortunate4inthesethreeaspects...甲：真了不起！它们真的都包含数字和星星啊。可是它们是什么意思啊？乙：三星高照就是形容一个人命运好。甲：命运有多好啊？乙：这要谈到三星的含义了。三星指的是中国传统文化中的福、禄、寿三颗星星，这个习语表示一个人在这三方面都很顺遂……C:Sorrytointerrupt,butyourunderstandingisreallycorrect.ThereisaChinesesayingthatwiththethreestarsshiningintheheight,thenewyeariscomingright.ItisawishofgoodluckforeverybodyintheSpringFestival.Keeponyourtalks,please!A:Seemsthatthestarsarereallyrelatedtodailylife.Then,whatdoestheidiom“fivepearl-likestarsinachain”referto,Robin?丙：抱歉打断一下，你的理解确实正确。中国有句俗语说“三星高照，新年来到。”春节时人们用这句话来祝愿大家好运。请继续讨论！甲：看来星星真的关系到日常生活啊。那么罗宾，五星连珠这个习语又是指什么呢？C:Itreferstothefivestarsturningupinthesamedirection,predictinganauspiciousomen5.A:Whichfivestars?C:Well-asked.Bennettmustbeabletogiveyouananswer.B:Theyarethefivestarsofmetal,wood,water,fire,andearth.TheancientChinesepeoplethoughtthattheworldconsistedofthefivebasicelements.丙：五星连珠就是说五颗星星出现在同一方位，是一种祥瑞兆头。甲：哪五颗星星呢？丙：问得好。贝内特一定能告诉你答案。乙：它们是金、木、水、火、土五星。古代中国人认为世界是由这五种基本元素构成的。C:It’sbeyondmyexpectationsthatyouhavesomelore6regardingChinesephilosophy.Whatyousaidisactuallytheso-calledFiveElements,whichtheancientsthoughtcomposedthewholephysicaluniverse.B:Sorry.Thatwasajoke.Then,whatarethefivestars?丙：看不出你还对中国哲学有所了解啊！不过，你说的实际上是“五行”。古人认为整个物质世界都是由五行构成的。乙：不好意思，闹笑话了。那五星是什么呢？C:TheyareVenus,Jupiter,Mercury,Mars,andSaturn.However,they’vegotsomerelationbetween.Thereisasaying,roughly,“fivestarsinthesky;fiveelementsontheearth.”ThemeetingoftheFiveElementsmeansaperfectlife,andnaturally,it’struethat“thefivepearl-likestarsinachain”showsthateverythingisfine,andofcourseisagoodomen.A:Whoa!Herefivestarsmeanthewhole,right?丙：是金星、木星、水星、火星和土星。不过它们之间好像有点联系。有种说法，大致就是“天上五星，地上五行。”五行相生相克，寓意生活圆满。自然，五星连珠，意味着万事如意，当然是好兆头了。甲：哇！这么说五星意味着全部，对吧?C:Yougotit.A:So“theroomlikesevenstars”meansmuchmorethanawhole.B:(giggling)That’stoofar.Theidiomdescribesaroomwithverypoorlivingconditions,withmanyholesinitsceiling,likethesevenstars.A:Whichsevenstars?丙：说得对。甲：那么“屋如七星”就是远远超过全部的意思了。乙：（咯咯笑）扯远了。这个习语形容的是居住条件很差，房顶有很多洞，犹如七颗星星。甲：哪七颗星星呢？A:AsDaoismsays,theyaretianshu7,tianxuan,tianji,tianquan,yuheng,kaiyangandyaoguang,respectively.C:Oh.ItmeanstheCharles’sWain8,ortheUrsaMajor9inthewesternculture.A:Isn’titthenregular?Itshouldbewell-spaced.乙：根据道家所言，它们分别是天枢、天璇、天机、天权、玉衡、闿阳（开阳）和摇光七颗星星。丙：哦！就是西方文化里的北斗七星，或者说大熊星座。甲：那不挺有规则的吗？该说错落有致啊！B:Nokidding.Who’dliketoliveinaroomwhoseroofisfullofholesandenjoythemoonthroughtheholes?A:Then,theremaybemorethan7stars.B:Yes.A:DoyoustillthinktheyarethesamesevenstarsclaimedbyTaoism?乙：别逗了。谁愿意住在屋顶都是洞洞的屋里并透过这些洞洞赏月呢？甲：如此说来，那也可能不止七星了。乙：是的。甲：那你还认为这是道家所说的七星吗？B:Lookslikethere’ssomethingwrong.Robin,couldyouexplainit?C:Itjustmeansagreatnumber.InChineseculture,numberssometimesaredefinitedenotation10,sometimesnot.Itdepends.B:MayIaskonequestion?IwonderwherethesevenstarsareintheformShangbuqixing.乙：看来是有问题。罗宾，你能解释一下吗？丙：它只是形容数量多罢了。在中国文化中，数字有时是实指，有时不是。视情况而定。乙：我能问个问题吗？我想知道这招“上步七星”里的七星在哪里。C:Agoodquestion.HereqixingmeansapositionratherthanthesevenstarsintheUrsaMajor.ButitdoeshavesomethingtodowithDaoism.A:Infact,I’mwonderingwhichstartoattackaftersteppingforward.B:Thenwhereisthepositiononearth?A:Itisthebird’sneck.丙：问得好。这里的“七星”是一个方位，而不是大熊星座里的七颗星星。但是，它的确和道家学说有些关系。甲：其实我也纳闷来着，上步之后，真搞不准要攻击哪颗星星。乙：这个位置究竟在哪里啊？丙：它指的是鸟脖子。B:Thebird’sneck!Whydoyoumeanbythat?C:Qixingisthefourthstopoftherosefinch11;thenamecomesfromthesevenstarsinit.B:Rosefinch,Iknow,it’soneofthefoursymbols12.Butwhydoyoucallitabirdneck?C:Hereisanallusion13.AccordingtoHistoricalRecords,qixingistheneckoftherosefinch,thethroat,meaningsomethingurgent.乙：鸟脖子！何出此言？丙：七星是南方朱雀的第四宿；因其中有七颗星而得名。乙：朱雀，我知道，就是四象之一。可是你为什么说它是鸟脖子啊？丙：这里有个典故。《史记》中记载：“七星，颈，为员官，主急事。”A:So,Shangbuqixingaimstoattackthethroatoftheattackers,right?C:Yes.Thethroatisreallyakeypassageforlife.Fromitsname,itclearlystressesattackingapositionthatmustbeprotected.B:Thankyou,Robin.Iwillnotworryaboutwheretheqixingareanymore.A:NorwillI.C:You’rebothwelcome.I’mverygladtotalkwiththestudentswhoarediligentinlearning.甲：所以，上步七星的目的在于攻击对方的咽喉，对吧？丙：对。咽喉确实是关乎生命的要害通道。就其名字而言，它明显在强调要攻击一个必须加以保护的部位。乙：谢谢你，罗宾。我再也不用纠结七星在哪里了。甲：我也是。丙：不客气。很高兴能跟学习勤奋的学生交谈。ReadTable12anddoTasksA,B,CandD.TaskA:Pairwork—basicunderstanding1.WhatisShangbuqixinginEnglish?2.HowmanyactionsarethereinShangbuqixing?Whatarethey?3.WhatisXiabukuahuinEnglish?4.HowmanyactionsarethereinXiabukuahu?Whatarethey?TaskB:Groupwork—Brainstorming1.WhatdoesthesidemeaninAction1ofShangbuqixing?Therightorleftside?2.WhytakeabrakingstepinAction1ofXiabukuahu?3.Whileshiftingleftandswingingtherightfootoutside,howtomovethetwohandsinAction3ofXiabukuahu?4.InAction3ofXiabukuahu,whatisthestrokinglinefromforwardtobackward?Table12:ShangbuqixingandXiabukuahu21.Shangbuqixing(SteppingForwardforSevenStars)Action1:Swingtheleftfootoutward;asthecenterofgravitymovesleftward,theleftfistdashesupwardandtherightarmdescends1tothesideofthebody（Fig.21-1）.Notes:1)Theleftfistthrustsupwardwithanaimtostriketheopponent’schin2incombatapplication.2)Duringtheweighttransfer3fromrighttoleft,thespiralenergyisexpressedintwiningoutwardtheleftarmandrightlegandinwardtherightarmandleftleg.ChineseEnglish21.上步七星动作一：左脚外摆，随左移重心，左拳上冲，右臂落于体侧（图例21-1）。注：1）左拳上冲，实战中旨在击打对方下颚。2）重心从右向左转换期间，缠丝劲体现于左臂右腿顺缠和右臂左腿逆缠。Action2:Lifttherightknee,andimmediatelyadvancetherightstepandthrusttherightfistundertheleftfist(Fig.21-2).Notes:Lifttherightkneetohiplevel.Inthefinalposture,therighttiptoestouchthegroundintoanemptystanceandthefistsfaceeachotherhighasthechest.ChineseEnglish动作二：提右膝，随即上右步，右拳冲入左拳下（图例21-2）。注：提膝至胯平。定势中，右脚尖前点成虚步，双拳相对与胸高。Chinese22.Xiabukuahu(SteppingBackintoaTiger-ridingStance)Action1:Turnoverthefistsinwardintopalms,andsquatslightly,withtherightpalminside.Thentakeabrakingstep4andpushthepalms(Fig.22-1).Notes：1)Bothfiststurnoverfromupwardtoinward.2)Whentakingabrakingstepandpushingthepalms,maintainsubtle5outwardexpansioninbotharmpits6andelbows,withtheforcereachingthebaseofthepalm.English22.下步跨虎动作一：双拳翻转内收成掌，身体微下蹲，右掌在里，顿步推掌（图例22-1）。注：1）双拳由上向内翻转。2）顿步推掌时，两腋和两肘微外撑，力达掌根。ChineseAction2:Dropthehandsandshifttheweighttotheleft.Withtheleftfootasanaxis,liftthekneeandturnright,andmeanwhile,invertthepalmsinwardandleadthemupward,therighthandinside.Thenstamptherightfootandpressthepalmsdownward,theenergytothehandbasesandtheeyeslookingforward(Fig.22-2).Notes：1)Lifttherightkneetohiplevelandturnright90degreesorso.Duringtheprocess,inhaletoaccumulateenergyforinstantaneous7force.2)Whenstampingthefootandpressingthepalms,whetherlightlyorheavily,itisamusttosinktheQithroughoutthebody,ensuringtheintegrityoftheforce.English动作二：双手下落，重心左移；左脚为轴，提膝右转，同时双掌内翻上领，右手在内；震右脚，按掌，力达掌根，目视前方（图例22-2）。注：1）右膝提至胯平，右转90度左右。期间，吸气蓄势待发。2）震脚按掌，无论轻重，均须周身气向下沉，确保劲力完整。ChineseChineseAction3:Shifttheweighttotheleft,thenturnrightward,swingtherightfootoutwardandseparatethepalmsdownwardtoeachside.Thenshifttheweighttotheright,theleftfootpointingtothegroundahead,thehandsdescribinganupwardarcandthengatheringtogether,withtherighthandintheinnerleftarm(Fig.22-3).Notes:1)Turnrightabout45degrees.Raisethehandstoshoulderlevel.2)Whenthepalmsstaytogetherinfrontofthebody,theleftstandsaboveandtherightdroopsbelow.English动作三：重心左移，右转，右脚外摆，下分掌至身体两侧。重心右移，左脚点于前方，双手上划弧后合臂，右手置于左臂内侧（图例22-3）。注：1）右转约45度。双手上领至肩高。2）双掌于体前相合时，左掌立于上，右掌垂于下。ChineseAction4:Shifttheweighttotheleftintoaleftone-legstance.Withdrawtherightstep;asthecenterofgravityistowardstherightleg,bothhandsstrokebackward,withtherighthandleadingtheenergyandtheeyeslookingahead（Fig.22-4）.Notes:1)Intheleftone-leggedstance,lifttherightkneetohiplevel.2)Whenretreatingtherightfoot,theaimistocatchtheopponent’shandandstrokeitbackward;theactionsshouldbeunfolding8andgenerous,withtheunityofformandspirit.English动作四：重心左移，左独立势。撤右步；随移重心到右腿，双手后捋，以右手领劲，目视前方（图例22-4）。注：1）左独立势，提右膝至胯平。2）右退步时，有接手后捋之意，动作要舒展大方，形神兼备。TaskC:Groupwork—explorethefollowingquestions1.WhyisitcalledShangbuqixing?2.WhatistheuseoftheformofSteppingForwardforSevenStars?3.WhyisitnamedXiabukuahu?4.HowtomakeuseoftheformofSteppingBackintoaTiger-ridingStance?TaskD:Classwork1.It’ssuggestedtodividetheclassintotwogroups.OnegroupdoesShangbuqixing(SteppingForwardforSevenStars)andtheothermakesXiabukuahu(SteppingBackintotheTiger-ridingStance).Whenastudentisperformingtheform,otherstudentsshouldtrytomakeuseofbriefEnglishtodescribetheactionsinvolved.2.Pickoutoneortwogroupstomaketheperformanceinpublicasthemodel.Theteacherissuggestedtocorrectthestudents’Englishdescriptions.Bearinmindthatanyencouragementiswelcome.Step1:Workinagroupofthreeorfour.Readthepassageandcompletethefollowingquestionswiththegivenexpressions.1.Which/theSevenWonders/possibletobeseen/space?2.Howmuch/youknow/theGreatWall?3.When/theGreatWall/build?Howmuchwork/invest?Andhowmanyyears/ittake?4.Why/theGreatWall/built/extendedsuccessively/differentdynasties?5.Why/theGreatWall/call/thecreativewonder/theancientChinesepeople?6.What/you/think/saying/hewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman?7.Who/FrancisBacon?Youagree/hisideathathistorymakesmenwise?Why?8.Whatcomments/you/have/thetwotypesoftheGreatWall?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)The10-thousand-liGreatWall

WemaybewonderingwhetheritisreallypossibletoseethetraceoftheGreatWallinspace,butthereisnodoubtthatitabsolutelydeservestobeagreatsymbolofChinesecivilization,andoneoftheSevenWondersoftheworld.ChineseEnglish万里长城我们或许会疑惑，在太空中是否真有可能看到长城的痕迹，但毫无疑问，它绝对称得上是中华文明的伟大象征之一，也是世界七大奇迹之一。

TheGreatWallislocatedinthenorthofChina,runningover8,800kilometersinlength,crossingtenadministrativeregions,namely,Liaoning,Hebei,Tianjin,Beijing,Shanxi,InnerMongolia,Shaanxi,Ningxia,GansuandQinghai.Ithasbeenwinding1acrosshighmountains,deepgrasslandsandevenvastdesertsfromeasttowest,formorethan2,000years.TheChinesepeoplehavelonglikenedtheGreatWalltoagiantdragonmajestically2coilingacrossthelandofChina,andChinaitselfistheEasternDragon.Itis,therefore,clearhowimportantapositiontheGreatWallholdsinthemindsoftheChinesepeople.ChineseEnglish长城位于中国北部，绵延8800多千米，横贯10个行政区域，即辽宁、河北、天津、北京、山西、内蒙古、陕西、宁夏、甘肃和青海。两千多年来，它自东向西，蜿蜒穿梭于崇山峻岭、广袤草原乃至浩瀚沙漠之中。中国人早已将长城比作一条威严地盘踞在中华大地上的巨龙，而中国本身就是“东方巨龙”。由此可见，长城在中国人心中占据着何等重要的地位。

TheGreatWallwasoneofthegreatwondersoftheancientChinesepeople.ItwasoriginallycompletedbyQinShiHuang,thefirstemperorinChinesehistory.Followingtheunification3ofthewarringstatesin221BC,theFirstEmperorstartedtheconstruction4oftheGreatWallbyconnectingmanyoftheexistingborderwalls,whichwereoriginallybuiltbyfeudallordsasdefenseworks,inordertoensuretheirstatesaprolongedstability.Withlotsofmaterialsandnearlyonemillionpeople,aboutaquarterofthetotalpopulationatthattime,thegreatprojectwasfinishedwithinabout10years,stretchingmorethan10,000kilometers.Thus,therecamethe10,000-liGreatWall.ChineseEnglish长城是古代中国人民创造的伟大奇迹之一。它最初由秦始皇，即中国历史上第一位皇帝主持完成。公元前221年，秦始皇统一战国诸国后，开始将诸侯各国原本为防御而修建的许多边境城墙连接起来，构筑长城，以确保国家长治久安。这项浩大的工程耗费了大量物力和近百万人力（约占当时全国总人口的四分之一），历时约10年完工，全长超过一万公里。于是，“万里长城”之名便由此而来。

Later,theGreatWallwasconsolidatedandextendedindifferentperiods,byvariousrulersoftheHanDynasty,theFiveDynastiesperiod,andtheSuiDynasty,butwiththesamepurposetoguardterritory5againstthenorthernnomadic6tribes.ThemodernGreatWallislargelyfromtheremainsoftheMingDynasty.ItbeginsfromtheYaluRiverintheeasttoJiayuPassinthewest,stretchingover8,000kilometers.Itisestimatedthatifthebricks,stonesandearthareusedtobuildawall,onemeterthickandfivemetershigh,itcantravelaroundtheearthonce.ChineseEnglish此后，长城在不同时期由各代统治者进行加固与扩建，包括汉代、五代时期及隋代，但其目的始终是抵御北方游牧部落、保卫领土。如今的长城主体多源自明代遗迹，东起鸭绿江，西至嘉峪关，全长超过8000公里。据估算，若将建造长城所用的砖、石、土筑成一堵1米厚、5米高的墙，其长度足以绕地球一周。

Lookingbackthroughthehistory,thereisnodenyingthegreatnessofthisprojectandthepracticalroleasanefficient7militarydefence.Giventhepoorworkingconditionsandbackwardtechnologyinfeudalsocieties,chancesarethatnoonewouldliketosavetheiradmirationforthediligenceandhardworkoftheseancientpeople.Asthesayinggoes:“HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Ithasbecomeaworldattractionwhichappealstomillionsoftouristseachyearfromallovertheworldforthetimebeing.In1987,UNESCOlistedtheGreatWallamongtheprestigious8WorldHeritageSites.ChineseEnglish回顾历史，不可否认这项工程的伟大之处，也不可否认其作为高效军事防御工事的实际作用。考虑到封建社会恶劣的工作条件和落后的技术，人们定会对古代先民的勤劳与付出心生敬佩。俗话说：“不到长城非好汉。”长城已成为世界级的旅游胜地，每年吸引着来自世界各地的数百万游客。1987年，联合国教科文组织把长城列入了著名的世界遗产名录。

Ontheotherhand,itisequallyadmittedthattheGreatWallspanningthousandsofmilescouldneverguaranteeacountryalonggovernanceandperpetual9stability.EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastysaidthat“Withhistoryasamirror,itiscleartoknowdynasticalcycles.”FrancisBacon10saidthat“Historiesmakemenwise.”Itsfirstandsuccessivebuilderslosttheirdynasties,notbecausetheirwallswerenotstrongenough,notlongenough,ornotgreatenough,butbecausetheylostthetrustoftheirpeople.ChineseEnglish另一方面，同样需要承认的是：绵延万里的长城从来就不能保证一个国