《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》课件-浸出过程的方法和分类

浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses课程导入

Courseguide浸出剂

Leachingagent固体原料

Solidrawmaterial有价金属

Valuablemetals可溶性化合物

Solublecompounds课程导入

Courseguide酸浸Acidleaching碱浸Alkalileaching氧浸Oxygenleaching氯化浸出（氯盐浸出）Chlorinationleaching(chloridesaltleaching)细菌浸出Bacterialleaching电化浸出Electrochemicalleaching浸出剂的类型(按浸出过程的方法划分)Typeofleachingagent(bymethodofleachingprocess)浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses酸浸

Acidleaching用盐酸、硫酸或硝酸将物料中的碱性化合物溶入溶液。Dissolvethebasiccompoundsinthematerialintosolutionwithhydrochloricacid,sulfuricacidornitricacid.酸浸

Acidleaching过滤

Filtration氧化锌粉

Zincoxidepowder

电积液

Electrodeposition以及硫酸

Andsulfuricacid中浸液

Intermediateleaching中浸渣

Intermediateleachingresidue应用

Applications氧化铜矿的硫酸浸出

Sulfuricacidleachingofcopperoxideore锌焙砂的硫酸浸出

Sulfuricacidlachingofzinccalcine概念

Concept主要是用氢氧化钠将物料中的酸性化合物浸入溶液。Mainlyusesodiumhydroxidetoleachtheacidiccompoundsinthematerialintothesolution.铝土矿的氢氧化钠浸出

Sodiumhydroxideleachingofbauxite黑钨矿的氢氧化钠浸出

Sodiumhydroxideleachingofwolframite碳酸钠浸出

Sodiumcarbonateleaching碱浸

Alkalileaching概念

Concept应用

Applications浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses氢氧化铵

Ammoniumhydroxide碱浸

Alkalileaching

络合性质

Complexingproperties

氢氧化铵

Ammoniumhydroxide碱浸

Alkalileaching氢氧化铵浸出钨酸、铝焙砂Ammoniumhydroxideleachingoftungsticacidandaluminumcalcine铌、钴、铜硫化矿的氨浸Ammonialeachingofniobium,cobaltandcoppersulfideores浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses

主要是用于金属硫化矿的湿法氧化，同时配合其他浸出剂也用于将单质金属或低价化合物浸出。Itismainlyusedforwetoxidationofmetalsulfideore,anditisalsousedtoleachelementalmetalsorlow-valencecompoundswithotherleachingagents.预还原后红土矿的浸出

Leachingoflateriteoreafterpre-reduction硫化锌精矿的直接酸浸

Directacidleachingofzincsulfideconcentrate预还原钛铁矿的酸浸

Acidleachingofpre-reducedilmenite氧浸Oxygenleaching概念

Concept应用

Applications浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses主要是利用氯作为氧化剂进行重金属硫化矿的浸出。Theleachingofheavymetalsulfideoreismainlycarriedoutbyusingchlorineasoxidant.重金属硫化矿

Heavymetalsulfideore氯

Chlorine氧化剂

Oxidant变价金属的氯化物

Chloridesofvariablevalencemetals

辉锑矿的湿法氯化

Wetchlorinationofstibnite氯化浸出（氯盐浸出）Chlorinationleaching(chloridesaltleaching)概念

Concept浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses利用细菌的作用直接从矿石中浸出有价金属。Usingtheactionofbacteriatoleachvaluablemetalsdirectlyfromores.氧化铁硫杆菌

Thiobacillusferrooxidans

硫化矿

Sulfideore可溶性硫酸盐

Soluble

sulphate

铁

Iron

硫

Sulphur

氧化反应

Oxidationreaction浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses细菌浸出Bacterialleaching概念

Concept在黄铜矿湿法氧化时，氧化铁硫杆菌的作用将使下列反应的速度提高10倍以上，甚至可达到1000倍。Duringthewetoxidationofchalcopyrite,theactionofThiobacillusferrooxidanswillincreasethespeedofthefollowingreactionsbymorethan10times,evenupto1000times.细菌

Bacteria强化浸出速度

Enhancedleachingspeed生长繁殖

Growthandreproduction浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses细菌浸出Bacterialleaching效果

EffectsCuFeS2+4O2CuSO4+FeSO42FeS2+7O2+2H2O2FeSO4+2H2SO4Fe2(SO4)3+Cu2S+2O22FeSO4+2CuSO4细菌

Bacteria细菌

Bacteria细菌

Bacteria通常采用地下浸出法或堆浸法，在25~40℃下进行。Usually,undergroundleachingorheapleachingisused,whichiscarriedoutat25-40℃.低品位难选铜矿、含铜废石中回收铜

Low-graderefractorycopperorecontainingRecoveryofcopperfromcopperwasterock铀矿中回收铀

Recoveryofuraniumfromuraniumore浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses细菌浸出Bacterialleaching方法Method

在电场作用下利用阳极氧化作用将硫化矿氧化。它用于辉钼矿及某些重金属硫化矿（如辉锑矿）的氧化，但未见工业生产的报道。Thesulfideoreisoxidizedbyanodicoxidationundertheactionofelectricfield.Itisusedfortheoxidationofmolybdeniteandsomeheavymetalsulfideores(suchasstibnite),butnoindustrialproductionhasbeenreported.浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses电化浸出

Electrochemicalleaching现实的浸出过程无法严格区分，某些浸出既有酸（或碱）参加也有氧参加，从不同角度考虑可分别属于酸浸（或碱浸）或氧浸。Theactualleachingprocesscannotbestrictlydistinguished,andsomeleachinginvolvesbothacid(oralkali)andoxygen,whichcanbelongtoacidleaching(oralkalileaching)oroxygenleachingfromdifferentangles.浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses电化浸出

Electrochemicalleaching课程小结

Coursesummary浸出过程的方法和分类

Methodsandclassificationofleachingprocesses酸浸Acidleaching碱浸Alkalileaching氧浸Oxygenleaching氯化浸出（氯盐浸出）Chlorinationleaching(chloridesaltleaching)细菌浸出Bacterialleaching电化浸出Electrochemicalleaching浸出剂的类型(按浸出过程的方法划分)Typeofleachingagent(bymethodofleachingprocess)课程小结

Coursesummary合理选择浸出剂

Reasonableselectionofleachingagent有价金属溶入水溶

Valuablemetal