能源学术基础英语 第1册 Unit 1

Text1HowMuchDoFossilFuelsImpactOurLives?

Unit1EnergyandDailyLifeWarmingupWhatarefossilfuels?Watchthisvideoandgetsomeinformationaboutfossilfuels.3

EnergyNon-renewablesOil(Petroleum)Gas(naturalgas)Coal…RenewablesWind,Solar,Geothermal,Tidal,Biomass…FossilfuelsWarmingup

WarmingupNon-Renewable(不可再生)Renewable(可再生)WarmingupWarmingupManyitemsinourdailylifeareactuallymadefrompetroleum.Canyougivesomeexamples?ScanningCarefulreadingPredict/inferSkimmingReadingReadingSkillsTextUnderstandingScanningExercises1.Howmany“petroleums”(theword)canyouseeinTextA?2.Findalltheproductsderivedfrompetroleum(oil)inTextA.3.Canyoucategorizethem?TextUnderstandingTextUnderstandingWhatconclusionscanwedraw?summaryPetroleumisorfossilfuelsare_______inourdailylife.Mainideaofthetext:Fromthebasicneedsanddailynecessitiesintheindividuallife,toeconomyandfinanceonastatelevel,wecannotdowithoutfossilfuels.TextUnderstandingIntroduction(Paras.1-2)AprotestwasstagedbecausetheprotestersdeemedtheproposedplantoincreaseAustin’suseofrenewablefuelto65%by2027not1)__________.Body(Paras.3-11)Therearemanyexamplesshowingourheavyrelianceonfossilfuels.Theimpactsoffossilfuelscanbefoundinthreeaspects:Manydailyitemsaremadefrompetroleum:Examples:2)_______________Manyappliances,vehicles,householdandpublicfacilitiesarepoweredbyfossilfuels:Examples:3)________________Educationandsocialwelfareareheavilydependentonrevenuesfromoilandnaturalgasandtheseverancetax:Examples:4)_________________Conclusion(Para.12)Theprotestersdemonizedfossilfuelsbecausetheyfailtorealize5)________,henceitisnecessaryforpeople,especiallytheyoung,tobeeducatedon6)_____________.KeKey:aggressiveenoughcomponentsincars,sneakers,backpacks,elastic,toothpaste,toothbrush,makeup,lipsticks,framesofglasses,waterbottles,cellularphones,asignificantportionofTVs,cablesgasoline-poweredcars,pumps,naturalgasstoves,naturalgasappliancesforheatingthehouseandwater,powerplantsPermanentUniversityFund,campusbuildings,RainyDayFundourdependenceonfossilfuelstheessentialrolesfossilfuelsplayinourdailylifeTextUnderstandingLastFriday,theAmericanStatesman

publishedapiecetitled“About100ProtestersCallforAustintoEndFossilFuelUseforPower”.

piece:anarticleinanewspaperormagazineoroneofthepartsofatelevisionorradionewsprogram（报道、新闻、广播的）一篇Hehaswrittenseveralpiecesforthemagazine.Para.

1上周五，《美国政治家》发表了一篇题为《约百名抗议者呼吁奥斯汀终止化石燃料发电》的文章。他为杂志写了几篇报道。LanguageFocusTheAustinAmerican-StatesmanthemajordailynewspaperforAustin,thecapitalcityofTexas.ThenewspaperplacesfocusonissuesaffectingAustinandtheCentralTexasregion.Theclass“providesanintroductiontoliterarystudiesandresearchmethodsthatusesthesongwritingof@taylorswiftasthebasisforteachingawiderangeofskills,”accordingtoaFacebookpostbyUTDepartmentofEnglish.德克萨斯大学英语系在脸书上发帖称，这门课“介绍了文学研究和研究方法，以泰勒·斯威夫特的歌曲创作为基础，教授各种技能”。“Swiftisanintelligentandtalentedsongwriter,andherwritingskillsarewhatmademefocusonher,”ScalatoldtheAustinAmerican-Statesman.斯卡拉在接受《奥斯汀美国政治家报》采访时表示“斯威夫特是一位聪明而有才华的作曲家，她的写作技巧让我关注她。”LanguageFocusTheCityofAustin–Texas’capitalcity–

maintainsitsownpowerutilitythatisseparatefromthepowergridthatprovideselectricitytomostoftherestofthestate.Para.

1德克萨斯州首府奥斯汀市拥有独立运营的电力公司，而该州其他大部分地区的电力供应依赖州电网。maintain:tomakesthcontinueatthesamelevel,standard,etc.维持；保持Weshouldmaintaingreenandlow-carbondevelopmentasthefundamentalsolutiontoecologicalandenvironmentalissues.坚持把绿色低碳发展作为解决生态环境问题的治本之策。LanguageFocusTheprotesterswereonhandtoopposeaproposedplanthatwouldincreasethecity’suseofrenewablefuelto65%by2027.onhand:presentandavailabletodosomethingMr.Blake’ssecretaryisalwaysonhandwhenheappearsinpublic.Para.

2现场抗议者的诉求是反对一项提案。根据该提案，2027年之前奥斯汀市将把使用可再生燃料的比例提高到65％。布莱克先生在公开场合露面时,他的秘书总在场。LanguageFocusInastaterichinnaturalgasresourcesforpowergeneration,thisgoalwasn’taggressiveenoughforthese100souls.aggressive:verydeterminedtowinorbesuccessful积极进取的Para.

2soul:aperson奥斯汀所在的德克萨斯州拥有丰富的天然气资源用来发电。尽管如此，这样的目标对这一百人而言仍然缺乏足够魄力。Positiveattitudemayhelpyoukeeptheaggressiveandrobustfightingwill.积极的心态有助于人们保持进取心和旺盛的斗志。LanguageFocusMyfirstthoughtuponseeingthegroupofprotesterswastowonderhowmanyofthemdrovetothesiteoftheprotestingasoline-poweredcars,whichmakeupabout99%ofautomobilefleetinTexas?makeup:constitute,accountforPara.

3Womenofficersmakeup13percentofthepoliceforce.女警官占警察总数的13％。InthemostAI-exposedoccupations,womenmakeup71%ofemployees.在受人工智能威胁最大的职业中，女性员工占了71%。LanguageFocusfleet:

agroupofships;agroupofvehiclesPara.

3Myfirstthoughtuponseeingthegroupofprotesterswastowonderhowmanyofthemdrovetothesiteoftheprotestingasoline-poweredcars,whichmakeupabout99%ofautomobilefleetinTexas?看到这群抗议者我首先想知道的是他们中有多少人是驾驶汽车来到抗议现场的。德克萨斯州约有99％的汽车是燃油汽车。Alargerfleetofdriverlesstaxiswillsoonbeavailableforhireinthecapitalcity.

更多无人驾驶出租车将在首都投入运营。LanguageFocusItwasaprosperous-lookingbunch,mostofwhomnodoubtpracticesounddentalhygiene.prosperous:(places,economies,people)richandsuccessfulPara.

5Inthepushtomoderateprosperity,thePartywasdeeplyawarethatraisingthelivingstandardsofruralresidentswascritical.Onlybysecuringavictoryinthefightagainstpoverty,whichisafundamentaltaskinbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,couldChinafulfillitsFirstCentenaryGoal.党认识到，小康不小康，关键看老乡；脱贫攻坚是全面建成小康社会的底线任务，只有打赢脱贫攻坚战，才能确保全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标。LanguageFocusprogress(go,walk)project(throw,cast)promote(motion)prologue(speak)propel(drive,push)despair(de-:deny)

desperation(-ation)

prosperityprosperoussper/spair:hopepro-:forward-ous

(adj.suffix)

anxiousfamous

(fame)numerous

(number)precious

(-prec-/price)aprosperouscountryaprosperoustownaprosperousbusinessmanaprosperous-lookingbunch繁荣的国家繁荣的城镇富裕的商人生活富足的人们LanguageFocusItwasaprosperous-lookingbunch,mostofwhomnodoubtpracticesounddentalhygiene.practice:todosthregularlyaspartofyournormalbehavior经常做；养成…的习惯Para.

5AcupuncturewaspracticedinChinaaslongagoasthethirdmillenniumBC.中国早在公元前3,000年就已开始采用针灸疗法。这群人看起来生活富足事业有成，他们中的大多数人毫无疑问有保持口腔卫生的好习惯。LanguageFocusIcouldn’thelpwonderingiftheyknowthere’saverygoodchancetheirtoothpaste–andtheirtoothbrush,forthatmatter

–islargelyderivedfrompetroleum?Ifyourgrandparentshadtwins,thereisagoodchancethatyouwillbeabletoconceivetwinsaswell.Para.

5如果你的祖父母辈有人生双胞胎，那么你生双胞胎的几率就很大。LanguageFocusIcouldn’thelpwonderingiftheyknowthere’saverygoodchancetheirtoothpaste–andtheirtoothbrush,forthatmatter

–islargelyderivedfrompetroleum?forthatmatter:usedtoaddacommentonsththatyouhavejustsaid还有，当然Para.

5我不禁想问他们是否知道他们的牙膏—

还有牙刷—

很可能主要来自石油？Thissortofinformationisrarelytaughtinschools,oranywhereelseforthatmatter.学校里很少会教这类信息，其他地方也不太会讲授这一主题。LanguageFocusIwonderifanyofthemunderstandthatmanyofthecomponentsthatmakeuptheiriPhonesandSamsungGalaxiesarederivedfrompetroleumproducts.Iwonderifthewomenamongthegrouprealizethattheirmakeupandlipsticksaremostlikelyderivedfrompetroleumaswell.(Para.5)Para.

6makeup:toformorcomposesomething构成、组成makeup:cosmetics化妆品MakeupKitHoldingfist,or抱拳礼isaformofritualderivedfromChinesemartialarts.derivefrom:toreceiveorobtainsomethingfromsomethingelse;tohavesomethingasanoriginLanguageFocusSomeinthegroupwereconsumingbottledwater.consume:toeatordrinksth吃;喝;饮用Para.

7Theyconsumedalotofbeerattheparty.他们在聚会上喝了很多啤酒。ProductsdesignedandmadeinChina,especiallytrendybrands,arehighlypopularwithconsumers.国货潮牌广受欢迎。人群中一些人喝着瓶装水。LanguageFocus...thatshareisdestinedtogrowassomeoftheoldcoal-firedplantsinthestateareretiredinthecomingyears.bedestinedto:becertaintoPara.

8Theyweredestinednevertomeetagain.命运注定他们永不再相逢。retire:tostopdoingjob;totake(something)outofuse,service,orproductionThemanufacturerplanstoretirethatcarmodelinafewyears.制造商计划在几年之后淘汰这一车型。而且随着该州一些老的燃煤电厂在未来几年报废，天然气发电的份额肯定会增长。LanguageFocusIwonderifanyoftheseprotestersareawareofthefactthattheUnitedStatestodayhasreduceditscarbonemissionstolevelsnotseensince1994,andthatourcountryfarandawayleadstheglobeinreductionofgreenhousegases,withoutbeingaparticipantintheParisAccordorinanyotherglobalemissionsagreement.Para.

9farandaway:byagreatextent,byfarHeisfarandawaythemostaccomplishedplayerinthehistoryofNBA.他是NBA历史上成就最高的运动员，别的运动员无法望其项背。我想知道这些抗议者是否意识到美国今天已经将其碳排放量减少到自1994年以来的最低水平，尽管不是《巴黎协议》或任何其他全球排放协议的参与者，但美国在全球温室气体减排方面遥遥领先。LanguageFocusIwonderhowmanyofthoseyoungfolksareawareofthefactthatthePermanentUniversityFundthatheavilysubsidizestheirtuitionandfees,andhaslargelypaidforthosewonderfulbuildingsoncampus,isfundedalmostsolelybyrevenuesfromoilandnaturalgasproducedinthePermianBasinofWestTexas.Para.

10heavily:inlargeamounts大量地solely:withoutanythingoranyoneelseinvolved单独地；独自地我想知道这些年轻人中有多少人知道这样一个事实：永久大学基金会为他们提供了大量的学杂费用补贴，为校园内那些漂亮建筑提供了绝大部分建设资金，但其资金几乎完全来自西德克萨斯州二叠纪盆地石油和天然气生产的利润。

largely:

mostly,mainly基本上；主要地LanguageFocusThePermanentUniversityFund(PUF)establishedbythe1876ConstitutionoftheStateofTexastofundpublichighereducationwithinthestate.ThePermianBasinofWestTexasthelargestpetroleum-producingbasinintheUnitedStatesandhasproducedacumulative28.9billionbarrelsofoiland75trillioncubicfeetofgas.LanguageFocusIwonderhowmanyofthemunderstandthattheirstate’sRainyDayFund,whichtodaycontainsupward

of$10billion,isfinancedalmostsolelybytheseverancetaxonoilandnaturalgas.Para.

10rainyday:afuturetimeoffinancialneedupwardof:morethan,over复合介词Upwardofahundredpeoplecametothemeeting.有一百多人来参加会议。severancetax:taxesimposedontheremovalofnon-renewablenaturalresources开采税我想知道他们有多少人知道他们州的应急基金现有资金达100亿美元以上并几乎全部由石油和天然气开采税收入提供。Adsfromthebankkeepadvisingpeopletosavesomemoneyforarainyday.

银行的广告建议人们存钱以备不时之需。LanguageFocusFarbeitfrommetowanttodisillusionidealisticyoungpeople,butIdowishsomeonewouldatleasteducatethem.Theolderpeopleinthatgroupdon’tevenhavethatexcuse.Para.

12educate:togive(someone)informationaboutsomethingWeneedtoeducatethepublicaboutthisdangerousdisease.我们一定要让公众了解这种危险的疾病。(=inform)Whatdoestheauthormeanby“educatetheidealisticyoungpeople”?tomakethemawareofthecriticalrolefossilfuelsplaybothinourdailylifeandonastatelevel;tomakethemrealizethenecessitytostrikeabalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.LanguageFocusFarbeitfrommetowanttodisillusionidealisticyoungpeople,butIdowishsomeonewouldatleasteducatethem.Theolderpeopleinthatgroupdon’tevenhavethatexcuse.Para.

11farbeitfrommetodosth,but...:(phrase,alwaysfollowedby“but”)Icertainlydon’tmeantodosth(but...);itisnotreallymyplacetodosomething我毫无做某事的意思（但…）FarbeitfrommetointerfereinyouraffairsbutIwouldliketogiveyoujustonepieceofadvice.我决无意干涉你的事,但我只想给你提个建议。年轻人理想远大，我绝无意破坏他们的美好愿望；但我确实希望有人至少能够点醒他们。他们中间不再年轻的那些人连这个借口都没有。LanguageFocus1)powerutility2)powergrid3)proposedplan4)renewablefuel5)powergeneration6)inpart7)tosomeextent8)dentalhygiene9)forthatmatter电力公司电网提出的计划可再生燃料发电部分地在某种程度上口腔卫生而且LanguagePractice10)bederivedfrom11)holdup12)framesofglasses13)solarpanel14)bedestinedto15)carbonemission16)farandaway17)farbeitfrommeto18)severancetax源自于支撑眼镜框太阳能电池板一定会碳排放量远远地我绝不想开采税LanguagePractice19)automobilefleet20)gasoline-poweredcars21)cellulartechnology22)can’thelpwondering23)upwardof24)speakingof25)naturalgasappliances26)natural-gasstove汽车大军燃油车蜂窝技术不禁纳闷至少谈起天然气设备天然气灶27)tuitionandfees 学杂费Langua