Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词讲解课件高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSVocabularyLearning

cholera

1.Kingcholera霍乱王2.have/getcholera感染霍乱cholera/ˈkɒlərə/n.霍乱

severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的

3.severepunishment4.severeinjuries5.aseverewinter6.criticizeseverely1.severelyadv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地2.近义词：serious[ˈsɪərɪəs]adj.严重的;严肃的;认真的strict[strɪkt]adj.严格的;严厉的

diarrahoea/ˌdaɪəˈriːə/腹泻dehydration/ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃ(ə)n/脱水Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.

have/getdiarrhoea

腹泻;拉肚子frustrated

[frʌ'streɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的5.be/feelfrustratedat/with... 对……感到懊恼/沮丧Theyfeltfrustratedatthelackofprogress.没有进展，他们感到懊丧。1.frustratingadj.令人沮丧的2.frustratevt.使不成功；挫败；阻止3.frustrationn.沮丧4.近义词：upsetadj.不高兴的;失望的;不安的;沮丧的【单句语法填空/完成句子】(1)It's____________(frustrate)toplananoutdooractivity,buthaveitcanceledduetounexpectedbadweather.(2)Ifyoulet____________(frustrate)controlyouractions,youmightmakedecisionsyou'lllaterregret.(3)我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。_____________________________________________inthecontestandtearsofregretwelledupinmyeyes.[读后续写之情绪描写]frustratingfrustrationIwas/feltfrustratedat/withmypoorperformanceonceandforall最终地；彻底地

1.近义词：

彻底地pletelyentirelyabsolutelytotallythoroughly最终地adveventuallyfinallyultimately

contradictory[ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri]

adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的3.becontradictoryto…与……矛盾、相反4.twocontradictorytheories1.contradictionn.矛盾；反驳；不一致2.contradictv.反驳；与.....发生矛盾

infect/ɪnˈfekt/vt.使感染;传染infection

n.感染；传染have/getan

infection

infectiousadj.传染性的,有感染力的

infectedadj.被感染的，感染病菌的①infectsb.

withsth.

使某人感染上.../把...传染给某人

②sb.beinfectedwith

sth.

某人感染/传染上……Goaway,Idon'twanttoinfectyouwithmycold.Theofficialsaysthatfewpeopleareinfectedwiththevirusthankstotheeffectiveprevention.

单句语法填空/完成句子①

Weshouldn’tlookdownuponpeople

(infect)

withHIV.②

Exactlywhichbacteriacausethe

(infect)

isstillunknown.③

Everyyear,therearepeopleunluckyenoughtobeinfected

theflu.④

Thisnew

(infect)diseasehascausedmanydeathsallovertheworld.infectedinfectionwithinfectioussubscribe[səb'skraɪb]v.认购(股份);定期订购;定期缴纳(会费)3.subscribeto...:①定期订购；订阅②捐款;HesubscribesregularlytoAmnestyInternational.他定期向大赦国际捐款。③赞同；=approveof=agreewith1.subscription

n.订阅费，订阅，订购2.subscriber

订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者

【单句语法填空/完成句子】(1)Hesubscribed___thecontractaftercarefullyrecallingallthetermsandconditions.(2)Sheenjoysreadingmagazinesandhasseveral______________(subscribe)toherfavoritepublications.(3)许多人都认同这样一个事实：长白山是众多珍稀动植物的家园。Manypeople_____________________

thatChangbaishanishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals．[应用文写作之景点介绍]tosubscriptionssubscribetothefactproof[pruːf]

n.证据;证明;检验(复数proofs)3.--proof作为后缀

防...的；抗...的rainproofadj.防雨的；windproofadj.防风的waterproofadj.防水的1.provev.证明；检验2.evidence[ˈevɪdəns]n.证据(不可数名词)multiple['mʌltɪpl]adj.数量多的;多种多样的3.1.multiplyv.乘；增加；繁殖2.近义词variousadj.不同的;各种各样的differentadj.不同的diverseadj.不同的;多种多样的allkindsof...各种各样multimediawaterpump水泵pump[pʌmp]n.泵;抽水机;打气筒suspect

[sə'spekt]

v.怀疑;疑有;不信任;认为n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象4.suspectsb.of(doing)...怀疑某人(做过)……Thedrugissuspectedofcausingover200deaths.人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。5.suspectsbtobe/as...怀疑某人是……Thepolicesuspecthimtobethemastermindbehindtherobbery.警方怀疑他是这起抢劫案的主谋。1.suspicious

adj.

可疑的2.suspicion

n.

怀疑3.近义词doubt[daʊt]v.怀疑;不信任【单句语法填空/一句多译】(1)__________(suspect)ofviolatingtrafficrules,hewasquestionedbythepolice.(2)Wesuspectedthisman______(be)akeyplayerintheorganization,butwedidn'thaveenoughproof.Suspectedtobe(3)老板怀疑他从公司拿了错的文件。→Theboss________________

takingthewrongdocumentawayfromthecompany．suspectedhimofblame

[bleɪm]

n.责备;指责v.把…归咎于...;责怪;指责1.blamesbfor(doing)sth因...责备某人Shedoesn'tblameanyoneforherfather'sdeath.她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。2.blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。3.betoblame(forsth)(对某事)负有责任Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？【单句语法填空/一句多译】(1)Inmyopinion,LiHua,whobroketheschoolrules,was_________(blame).(2)教练把比赛的失利归咎于队员们，批评他们在比赛中缺乏努力。→Thecoach____________________________，criticizingtheirlackofeffortduringthegame.(blamev．)toblameblamedtheplayersfortheloss→Thecoach_____________________________，criticizingtheirlackofeffortduringthegame.(blamev．)blamedthelossontheplayershandle['hændl]n.

把手;柄v.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)thehandleofthepump/doorhandlethecrisis/machine处理危机/操纵机器

tackle[ˈtækl]vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理solve[sɒlv]v.解决;处理dealwith处理;解决

intervention[ˌɪntə'venʃn]n.介入;出面;干涉intervene[ˌɪntəˈviːn]v.介入;干预intervenein干预；插手link[lɪŋk]n.联系;纽带;链接v.把...连接起来;相关联1.linkAto/withB把A和B连接起来2.belinkedto/with...与……有联系/有关Thevideocamerasarelinkedtoapowerfulcomputer.这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连接的。berelatedto/beconnectedwith/beassociatedwith/berelevantto3.Thereisalinkbetween...and...

……与……之间有联系Policesuspecttheremaybealinkbetweenthetwomurders.警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。【单句语法填空/完成句子】(1)(译林选必二U3)Uptonow,morethan360acupuncturepoints(穴位）havebeenidentified,each_______(link)toadifferentpartofthebody.(2)Scientistshavelinkedincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere________globalwarming.linkedto/with

raw

[rɔː]adj.未煮的;生的;

未经处理的;原始的arawhand新手

pure[pjʊə(r)]adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的abottleofpurewater一瓶纯净水

purelyadv.purifyv.净化；提纯

decrease

[dɪ'kriːs]v.减少;减小;降低['diːkriːs]n.减少;降低:减少量2.onthedecrease在减少Withmorepeoplechoosingpublictransport,theuseofprivatecarsduringrushhourisonthedecrease.随着更多人选择公共交通，高峰时段私家车的使用量正在减少。3.decreaseby...减少了……4.decreaseto...减少到……5.decreasefrom...to...从......减少到......1.increase增加【单句语法填空/词汇升级】(1)Afterthenewpolicywasimplemented,trafficaccidentsinthecitydecreased___nearly35%.(2)Thetemperatureisexpectedtodecrease___belowfreezingbytomorrowmorning.(3)Thenumberofsmokersinthecountryisdecreasingasmorepeoplebecomehealth-conscious.→Thenumberofsmokersinthecountryis________________asmorepeoplebecomehealth-conscious.bytoonthedecreasethanksto+n./ving/人称代词宾格

幸亏;由于e.g.Thankstoyourhelp,wesucceeded．

“由于；因为”becauseofonaccountofasaresultofowingtoduetoowingto作表语：Theaccidentwasowingtocarelessdriving.（那次意外事故的发生起因于驾驶疏忽。）dueto作表语：Thecrashwasduetopiloterror.（飞机失事是由驾驶员的失误造成的。）【单句语法填空/完成句子】(1)Shewasunabletoattendtheparty___accountofherbusyschedule.(2)Shewaspromoted___aresultofheroutstandingperformanceduringtheproject.(3)Thanks___theheavyrain,thematchwaspostponed,andwehadtowaitanotherweek.

(4)我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。Iholdthestrongbeliefthatyouroutstandingsuccessis____________________________________________________．onastodueto/owingtoyourhardworkandtirelesseffortstransform[træns'fɔːm]v.使改观,使变形,使转化2.transformAintoB把A转换成BYourmetabolicrateisthespeedatwhichyourbodytransformsfoodintoenergy.

你的新陈代谢率就是你身体将食物转换成能量的速度。1.transformation

n.

改变、转化(不可数);具体变化(可数)【单句语法填空/完成句子】(1)Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable_______________(transform).(2)通过辛勤工作和奉献，她得以将自己的梦想变为现实。Throughhardworkanddedication,_________________________________________________．transformationshewasabletotransformherdreamintorealitythinking['θɪŋkɪŋ]n.思想;思维;见解

withoutthinking不假思索thinkv.认为;思考

think--thought--thoughtthoughtn.想法solid

['sɒlɪd]adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的n.固体solidevidence确凿证据asolidfoundation坚实的基础solidfuel/food固体燃料/食物asolidball实心球liquid:adj.液体的,液态的

n.液体gas气体cast

[kɑːst]v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)castaglimpse

of一瞥(glanceat)

cast/runone’seyesoversth.用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看cast/shed/throwlightonsth.阐明；解释；使明白becastdown(bysth.)(因某事)沮丧，不愉快【单句语法填空/完成句子】(1)当她走过商店橱窗时，她看了一眼正在展示的新品系列。Asshewalkedpastthestorewindow,she________________________thenewcollectionondisplay.(2)听到朋友生病的消息后，她感到非常沮丧，难以集中精力工作。Hearingthenewsofherfriend'sillness,she______________andfoundithardtofocusonwork.castaglimpseof/glancedatwascastdownpour

[pɔː(r)]v.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)pourout 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)pourdown流下；(雨)倾盆而下；rain/pourcatsanddogs

下倾盆大雨pourinto/in涌进流泪：tearspour/roll/run/stream/flowdownone’scheekspatriotic

[ˌpeɪtri'ɒtɪk]adj.爱国的agreatpatrioticpoet爱国诗人patrioticyouth爱国青年patriotism

n.爱国主义；爱国精神patriot

n.爱国者breakout

(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发breakdown出故障;失败;垮掉;分解breakin破门而入;打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入;突然……起来breakawayfrom脱离;挣脱breakup打碎;分裂;解体breakthrough突破breakout,happen,occur,takeplace等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。break-broke-brokendefendvt.保卫；防守；辩解indefenceof为了保卫；为……辩护soldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry为保卫祖国而献身的战士defend...from/against保护……以免受；防御Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesagainstknifeattacks.我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。Parentsshoulddefendtheirchildrenfromdangerindailylife.父母应在日常生活中保护孩子免受危险。defence/defensen.防御；保卫【单句语法填空/一句多译】(1)Heplanstolearnkungfuinthesummerholidayssothathecandefendhimself_____________beingattacked.(2)看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。→Seeingthefiercesnake,herushed__________________likeanarrow.(defendvt.)→Seeingthefiercesnake,herushed______________________likeanarrow.(defencen．)from/againsttodefendhissonindefenceofhissonassistant

[ə'sɪstənt]n.助理;助手3.assist/helpsbtodosth帮助某人做某事4.assistsbindoingsth帮助某人做某事5.withtheassistance/helpofsb在某人的帮助下1.assistv.援助；帮助2.assistancen.帮助chargen/v.收费；指控；指责；掌管;充电takechargeof掌管/负责……（表主动）Hetookchargeofthefarmafterhisfather'sdeath.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。inchargeof主管；掌管；负责（表主动）Hewasinchargeofthefarmafterhisfather'sdeath.inthechargeof受……的管理；由……负责（表被动）Thefarmwasinthechargeofhimafterhisfather’sdeath.freeofcharge＝forfree免费Deliveryisfreeofcharge.免费送货。chargesb.forsth.为某物向某人收取费用Therestaurantcharged￡20fordinner.这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事Hewaschargedwithmurder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。【语段填空/一句多译】我将负责这次英语演讲比赛，这使我倍感荣幸。→__________________________________________________________,whichmakesmegreatlyhonoured.→_____________________________________________________,whichmakesmegreatlyhonoured.Iwillbeinchargeof/takechargeoftheEnglishspeechcompetitionTheEnglishspeechcompetitionwillbeinthechargeofmeleadership

[ˈliːdəʃɪp]

n.领导地位；领导才能undersb.’sleadership=undertheleadershipofsb.在某人的领导下leada...life过着...生活leadtheway带路leadto导致；造成；通向membership会员身份、friendship友谊、hardship困苦championshipn.锦标赛；冠军

ownershipn.所有权，物主身份scholarship奖学金leadern.领袖；领导者leadv.带路；领导/带领n.铅leadingadj.领导的；主要的trace[treɪs]v.追溯;追踪;查出n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹3.tracesth(back)to...追溯什么到...4.datebackto/from...始于;追溯到1.tracern.跟踪者；追踪器2.track[træk]n.足迹;踪迹;轨道outstanding

[aʊt'stændɪŋ]

adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的杰出的splendid/remarkable/exceptional/splendid/superb/brilliantoutstandingperformance/achievementanoutstandingfigure杰出人才明显的=apparent/evident/distinct/clearstandout突出；站出来；杰出giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的begiftedwithsth.=bebornwith具有(令人愉快的东西)Sheisgiftedwithawarmsmilethatcaneasilymakepeoplefeelatease.begiftedindoingsth做某事有天赋Thelittleboyisgiftedinplayingthepiano.haveagift/talentfor有……的天赋Hehasagiftforlanguagesandcanspeakfourforeignlanguagesfluently.近义词：talented【单句语法填空/一句多译】(1)Wewereimpressedbytheperformanceofthe_______(gift)dancerswhoshowedtheirskillsatthefestival.(2)观众送给那个有音乐天赋的年轻女孩一些精美的礼物。→Theyounggirl_______________________waspresentedwithsomewonderfulgiftsbytheaudience.(giftedadj.)→Theyounggirl_________________________waspresentedwithsomewonderfulgiftsbytheaudience.(giftn．)giftedwhoisgiftedinmusicwhohasagiftformusiccomedownwith