核心素养测评（选择性必修第一册UnitPeopleofAchievement）

核心素养测评(30分钟32.5分)十七选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievementⅠ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)A(2024·威海模拟)MassimoBottura,athree-Michelin-Starredchef,hasextendedhisculinary(烹饪的)empireglobally,However,hesaysthatthepeakofallofhisachievementsisMilan’sRefettorioAmbrosianoandthefollowing12globalbranches.AtRefettorioAmbrosiano,dinnerguestsaregreetedbyname.Theydineonfinechinaattablescreatedbythecountry’smostsought-afterfurnituredesigners.Thewtersarepolite,andthechefshavebeentrnedunderthefinestrestaurateursintheworld.Thesetmenuchangeseveryday,dependingonwhatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.Thismorning’sdeliverycontnsdryarugula(芝麻菜),chickenclosetoitssell-bydateandtoo-ugly-to-be-soldoranges.Bydinner,however,thesupermarketcastoffshavebeentransformedintoathree-coursemeal.The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwters,prsingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.ThebrightestgemsinBottura’sculinaryempirearenotrestaurantsatall.Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguestswhilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoodsthatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals.BotturafirstthoughtofRefettorioAmbrosianoasapop-upconceptforthe2015WorldExpoinMilan.Theorganizershadinvitedhimtocookforthegrandopening.Botturaproposedsomethingdifferent.Hewantedtoinvitetheworld’sbestchefstocookwithhimforthecity’shomeless,usingleftovers.Thatideasoongotsupportedandturnedintosomethingmorepermanent.“Today,theRefettorioisamovement,”Botturasays.“Itisamodelforfightingfoodwasteandisolationonthefrontlines.Anditstartsbylookingatanoldcarrotorapieceofhardbreadandcatchingsightofgold.”【语篇属性】语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会(社会服务与人际沟通公益事业与志愿服务)语篇内容文章讲述了MassimoBottura及其创立的RefettorioAmbrosiano,探讨了该机构如何通过利用剩余食材为弱势群体提供高质量餐饮服务,同时解决食物浪费问题。文章强调了Bottura的社会责任感和创新精神,以及Refettorio在社会和环境方面的积极影响语篇结构Para.1Bottura’sachievementsandthespecialstatusofRefettorio.Para.2ThediningenvironmentandserviceatRefettorio.Para.3HowRefettoriotransformsdiscardedsupermarketingredientsintodeliciousdishes.Para.4ThecorephilosophyofRefettorio.Para.5ThebackgroundandoriginalintentionofthefoundingofRefettorio.Para.6ThecurrentstatusandsignificanceofRefettorio.【命题意图】1.HowdoestheRefettorioAmbrosianodifferfromBottura’sotherrestaurants?题目要求识别并阐述RefettorioAmbrosiano与Bottura的其他餐厅的不同之处。本题旨在考查学生对文章细节的捕捉能力,特别是对比分析的能力2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheeventatRefettorioAmbrosiano?题目要求从选项中选出最能准确描述在RefettorioAmbrosiano发生的事件的一项。本题考查学生对文章中描述的事件的理解程度和归纳总结能力3.WhatdoesBotturathinkoftheRefettorio?题目要求学生根据文章内容推断出Bottura对Refettorio的看法或评价。本题考查对态度和观点的理解4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?题目要求选择一个能够准确概括文章主题或核心内容的标题。本题考查学生对文章整体内容的把握和概括能力1.HowdoestheRefettorioAmbrosianodifferfromBottura’sotherrestaurants?A.Thewtersarewell-trned.B.Thetablesarecustom-made.C.Theyarethree-Michelin-starred.D.Dlydeliverydecidesthesetmenu.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thesetmenuchangeseveryday,dependingonwhatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.”可知,RefettorioAmbrosiano餐厅与Bottura的其他餐厅的不同之处在于套餐是由每天的送货来决定的。2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheeventatRefettorioAmbrosiano?A.Aneveninggatheringforlocalchefs.B.Acharitysaleofsupermarketcastoffs.C.Awealthymealfortheless-fortunate.D.Avolunteertrningforthehomeless.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中“The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwters,prsingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.”可知,为不幸的人准备的丰盛大餐,能最好地描述在RefettorioAmbrosiano餐厅发生的事,故选C。3.WhatdoesBotturathinkoftheRefettorio?A.It’shisbestprofitablerestaurant.B.It’sagoodprojectforfoodsafety.C.It’sapop-upconcepttoextendhisbusiness.D.It’swin-winfortheenvironmentandsociety.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容和上文提到的Refettorio为难民、无家可归者和失业者提供大餐可推知,Refettorio对环境和社会是双赢的。4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LessWaste,MoreTasteB.ADinnerofDignityC.BestRestaurant,BestServiceD.ThePowerofFood【解析】选A。标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段中“However,hesaysthatthepeakofallofhisachievementsisMilan’sRefettorioAmbrosianoandthefollowing12globalbranches.”以及第三段的内容和第四段中“Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealight...MichelinGuide-worthymeals.”可知,文章主要讲述了米其林三星级厨师MassimoBottura创立了RefettorioAmbrosiano餐厅,用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民、无家可归者和失业者提供美味的大餐,这减少了食物浪费,故A项“更少的浪费,更多的美味”适合作文章标题。【阅读障碍】【生疏单词】sought-after adj.很吃香的,广受欢迎的sell-bydate 最迟销售日期castoff n. 垃圾leftover n.剩余物;残羹剩菜shinealighton 使……显现出来;照亮【熟词生义】“Michelin-Starred”通常指米其林星级餐厅,但在这里更侧重于描述Bottura作为一位获得多项殊荣的大厨的身份。“culinaryempire”字面意思是“烹饪帝国”,这里比喻Bottura在全球范围内的餐饮业影响力。“setmenu”通常指固定的菜单,但在这里强调的是每天根据送来的食材变化而变化的菜单。“pop-upconcept”原意是“临时概念店”,在这里指的是Bottura最初设想的RefettorioAmbrosiano作为一个临时项目的想法。【长难句分析】Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguestswhilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoodsthatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals.分析:第一个that引导定语从句thatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguests,先行词是spaces。whilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoods是省略句,作状语。thatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals是定语从句,先行词是foods。翻译:他认为它们是照亮客人尊严的空间,同时将注意力集中在食物浪费问题上,把那些原本将被丢进垃圾桶的食物变成符合米其林指南价值的饭。B(2025·浙江名校协作体联考)GladysWest,themathematician,wasbornin1930inVirginiaandhadtohelpharvestcropsonherfamily’sfarm.Thehardworkstartedbeforedaybreakandlastedwellintotheblisteringheatoftheafternoon.Togetoutofthere,shewasgoingtogeteducation.Herparentstriedtosavesomemoneytosendhertocollege,butunexpectedbillskepthittingthefund.Thenateacherannouncedthatthestatewasgoingtogiveacollegescholarshiptothetwotopstudentsfromhergrade.Finally,Westgotthescholarship,allowinghertoattendVirginiaStateCollege(nowVirginiaStateUniversity),ahistoricallyblackuniversity.Westdecidedtomajorinmathematicsbecauseitwasawell-respectedsubject.Itwaslargelystudiedbymen,butshedidn’ttakemuchnoticeofitassheknewdeepinherheartthatnothingwasgettinginherway.Aftergraduating,shebecameateacher.Afewyearslater,shereturnedtotheuniversityandearnedamaster’sdegreeinmathematics.ThenshewasofferedajobatanavalbaseinDahlgren,Virginia.Thismadeheronlythesecondblackwomantobehiredtoworkasaprogrammeratthebase.Despiteherintellectualabilitiesandcareersuccess,Westfeltshewasinferior.Itwasthisfeeling,deeplyrootedandfeltbymanyAfricanAmericans,thatdrovehertoworkashardasshecould.Westdeterminedtocommitherselftoherwork,hopingthatbydoingittothebestofherability,shecouldgetrecognitionforherwork.Westdidjustthat.In1978,shebecameprojectmanagerfortheSeasatproject,thefirstsatellitethatcouldmonitortheoceans.SheprogrammedanIBM7030“Stretch”computer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetledmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.In1998,aged68,sheintendedtofocusonherPhDafterretirement.SheeventuallyfinishedhergraduationthesisandgnedherPhDinpublicadministrationandpolicyaffrsin2000attheageof70.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了非裔美国数学家GladysWest的故事。她幼年家境贫困,上大学时主修数学,毕业后担任教师,后又成为海军基地的程序员。由于工作努力,她成为项目经理,70岁时获得了博士学位。5.WhatwasthedecisivefactortoenableGladysWesttogototheuniversity?A.Herteacher’sdingher.B.Herparents’payingtheexpenses.C.Herfamilybackground.D.Thescholarshipfromthegovernment.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段的内容可知,政府将给她那个年级的两名优等生提供大学奖学金。最后,她获得了奖学金,进入了大学。据此可知,政府提供的奖学金是她能读大学的决定性因素,故D项正确。6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Westgotallherdegreesafterretirement.B.MendominatedthemathsfieldinWest’sdays.C.Blackwomenscientists’talentwasfullyappreciated.D.Whenshebegantowork,Westfeltshewassuperiortoothers.【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第三段的“Itwaslargelystudiedbymen”可知,在那个年代,数学主要是由男性研究的;据此可以推知,在West那个年代,男性在数学领域占主导地位,故选B项。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inParagraph5mean?A.Abasicpart. B.Adetledmap.C.Abuildingmaterial. D.Amajorobstacle.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由语境可知,画线短语所在句表示“这个详细的地球形状数学模型是GPS轨道的基础”,故画线短语的意思应为“基础组成部分,构成要素”,所以A项切题。8.WhatkindofpersonwasGladysWest?A.Helpfulandserious.B.Honestandhardworking.C.Ambitiousandcommitted.D.Considerateanddevoted.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段描述可知,GladysWest自小在家从事艰苦劳动,为了离开家,她决定上学;由第三段内容可知,她决定学数学,虽然该领域内男性居多,但她深知没有什么可以阻挡她。据此可以推知,她是一个有抱负的人。由第四段的“Itwasthisfeeling...workashardasshecould”可知,她是一个对工作尽心尽力的人。综上可知,C项正确。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)(2024·聊城模拟)NewacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyattheChineseAcademyofSciences.9Theymedtomakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentofthenation’sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationandpromotingtheroleoffemalescientists.

AcademicianHuangmadethreecommitmentstohimselftocontributehisenergytoscientificresearch;toapplyhisachievementsinthefields;andtoprovidemoreopportunitiesforyoungpeople.“10Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,wecanfosteradiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates,”hesd.

AcademicianJianZhiminadvisedyoungstudentsthatpersistenceshouldbethemostvaluablespiritonthepathofscientificresearch.“11Thisdeterminationandperseveranceareessentialinscientificresearch,”hesd.

Outofthe59newlyelectedacademiciansthisyear,fiveofthemarefemalescientists.AcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespectingtheroleofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.12

13Forexample,shesdfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationandtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takingintoconsiderationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.

A.Theyaremoreresilient(有适应力的),whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.B.Inrecentyears,JinhasnoticedtheincreasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.C.Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.D.Shehasbothmaleandfemalestudents,whoareirreplaceabletoeachother.E.The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.F.IhopethehonorIreceivedcaninspiremorefemalestodevelopaninterestinphysics.G.Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingistopersistwithoriginalintention.9.【解析】选E。根据前文“Newacademicians”“thecertificateawardingceremony”和后文的“They”这一人称代词可知,空处应是一个过渡句,从而衔接前后。E选项“The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.”承前启后,且与后文“med”形成顺承关系。故选E。