核心素养测评（选择性必修第四册Unit2IconicAttractionsUnit3SeaExploration）

核心素养测评(50分钟60分)三十二选择性必修第四册Units2、3Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2.5分,满分17.5分)A(2025·成都模拟)AuroraBorealis,thenorthernlights,showcasesbeautifulgreen,pink,blueandviolet-coloredlightsdancinginthenightsky.Herearesomeofthebestplacestoseethenorthernlightsaroundtheworld.Tromso,NorwayTromsoisrightinthecenteroftheNorwegianArcticaurorazone,makingitoneofthebestplacestowitnesstheAuroraBorealisannually.ThiscityhasthebestnorthernlightviewsfromSeptembertoApril.TravelerscanstayinThonHotelTromso,amid-rangehotelthatoffersviewingspotsontheroofdeck.ThonHotelTromsorate:Startsat$111pernightBestactivitybesidesviewingthenorthernlights:HuskyToursOrkney,ScotlandOrkneyis10milesfromtheremotenortherncoastofScotlandandisoneofthebestlocationstoviewtheAuroraBorealisintheUK.TravelerscanwitnessthenorthernlightsbetweenSeptemberandMarchduringcoldanddarkevenings.TheKirkwallHotel:Startsat$86perroompernightOtherpopularplacesinOrkney:WidefordHillandInganessBayLapland,FinlandLaplandisanotherlocationwithintheArcticCircle,inFinland’snorthernmostpart.TravelerscanexpecttoseethenorthernlightsfromlateAugusttoApril,about200timesannually.OneofthebestbucketlistexperiencesiswatchingthelightshowfromSanta’sHotelAurora.KakslauttanenArticResortGlassIgloos:Startsat$484pernightSanta’sHotelAurora:Startsat$121pernightYellowknife,CanadaYellowknife,morepopularforbeingNorthAmerica’sAuroraCapital,sitsatthecenteroftheAuroraOval,withthebestviewsfrommid-NovembertoearlyApril.AuroraVillagetoursarealsoavlableforviewingthenorthernlights,withfreepick-upfromhotelsaroundthearea.AuroraVillagetour:Startsat$100perpersonAuroraVillageHotelpackage:Ratesdifferduringfallandwinter【文章大意】本文为一篇应用文,主要介绍了四个可以欣赏极光的地点。1.Whichofthefourlocationshasthelongestseasonofviewingthenorthernlights?A.Tromso. B.Orkney.C.Lapland. D.Yellowknife.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章可知,Tromso,Norway观看极光的时间为9月到4月。Orkney,Scotland观看极光的时间为9月到3月。Lapland,Finland观看极光的时间为8月下旬到4月期间。Yellowknife观看极光的时间为11月中旬到4月初。所以Lapland观看极光的时间最长。故选C。2.WhatisthelowestpriceforrentingtworoomsforonenightintheKirkwallHotel?A.$172.B.$200.C.$222.D.$242.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Orkney,Scotland介绍中“TheKirkwallHotel:Startsat$86perroompernight”可知,TheKirkwallHotel最低价格为86美元每间每晚,所以租两间房一晚最低为172美元。故选A。3.WhatcantouristsdoinbothTromsoandLapland?A.Enjoysightseeingtoursaroundthevillage.B.Watchthenorthernlightsfromthehotel.C.ParticipateinSanta-themedactivities.D.Getfreepick-upstotheviewingspots.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章Tromso,Norway中的内容可知,从9月到4月,这个城市有最好的北极光景观。旅行者可以住在ThonHotelTromso,这是一家在屋顶甲板上提供观景点的中档酒店。又根据Lapland,Finland中的内容可知,游客可以在8月下旬到4月期间从Santa’sHotelAurora看到北极光,每年大约200次。所以,游客在这两座城市中从酒店就可以欣赏北极光。故选B。B(2025·名师深度改编)Thispastsummer,hundredsoffishinCanadabeattheheatinhuman-madeplumes(一股)ofcoldwater.Theapproachcouldhelpprotectcold-waterspeciesasclimatechangewarmsrivers.Fishcanbecomestressedorevendiewhenthewatergetstoohot.Inrivers,Atlanticsalmonandothercold-waterspeciessometimesescapetheheatbyflockingtocoolerzones.Suchfrigidsitesmaybefoundneargroundwaterspringsorsmallriversandstreamsflowingintolargerwaterways.“Peoplehavedonealottopreserveandaddtothesenaturalshelters,”sdKathrynSmith,acivilengineerinCanadaatDalhousieUniversityinHalifax,NovaScotia.Herteamworksonthenewriver-chillingproject.Untilnow,shesays,“Therehasn’treallybeenanemphasisifwecancreatecold-waterhabitat.”Totesttheidea,herteampumped(抽送)groundwaterfromanearbywellintotheWrightsRiverinNovaScotia.Thegroundwaterwas9℃.Thiscreatedanartificialplumeofcoolwater.Itwasupto20℃coolerthanthesurroundingwater.Thisplumeattractedseveralhundredfishofdifferentlifestagesandspecies.TheseincludedAtlanticsalmon,mostofwhichwereveryyoung.Thesesmallyoungfishhungoutintheplumethroughoutthetest.Butwhenaheatwaversedrivertemperaturestoabout30℃,olderfishtookshelterintheplume,too.Theteamalsotriedasecondapproach.Theyreroutedsomewaterfromtheriverintoanundergroundtrench(沟渠).Here,thewatercooledabitbeforeflowingbackintotheriver.Thismethodcooledpartoftheriverwithoutneedingapump.ThewatertemperaturefellbyonlyafewdegreesCelsiusthisway.Butevenso,fishwerespottedinthecooledflowthroughoutthesummer.Thoughsmall,theseearlytestsshowa“proofofconcept”.Thatmeanstheapproachesshowpromisebuttheyaren’tyetreadyforwideuse.“Moreworkliesaheadtodecidetheneedednumberofcoolingsitestoreallyhelpfishcommunities,”saysKathrynSmith.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了加拿大科学家通过人工制造冷水来保护适应在冷水中生活的鱼类,以应对气候变化导致的河流升温问题。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“frigid”inParagraph2mean?A.Cold. B.Secret.C.Distant. D.Rough.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知,当水太热时,鱼会感到压力甚至死亡。在河流中,大西洋鲑鱼和其他冷水物种有时会聚集到较冷的地区来躲避高温。这种寒冷的地点可能在地下水泉或流入较大水道的小河和小溪附近发现。因此,frigid在此处表示“寒冷的”。故选A。5.WhatisthepurposeofSmith’steam’sproject?A.Tocreatecold-waterspecies’habitat.B.TolearnmoreaboutAtlanticwaters.C.Toofferinformationaboutclimatechange.D.ToprotecttheenvironmentaroundAtlantic.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“Herteamworksonthenewriver-chillingproject.Untilnow,shesays,‘Therehasn’treallybeenanemphasisifwecancreatecold-waterhabitat.’”可知,她的团队正在进行新的河流冷却项目。所以,他们的目的是创造冷水物种的栖息地。故选A。6.WhatdoesSmith’steam’sprojecttellus?A.Thefirstapproachismuchmorepractical.B.Theartificialplumeflstoattractbigfish.C.Thewatertemperatureoftheplumeishigher.D.Pumpingcoldwatercouldhelpfishbeattheheat.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四、五段可知,为了验证这个想法,她的团队从新斯科舍的赖特河附近的一口井抽取地下水。这创造了一股人工冷水流。它比周围的水温低20℃。这股水流吸引了数百条不同生命阶段和种类的鱼。所以,Smith团队的项目告诉我们抽送冷水可以帮助鱼类避热,故选D。7.WhatshouldSmith’steamfigureoutinthefuture?A.Howtohelpfishavoidattack.B.Howmanycoolingsitesareneeded.C.Whentomakewideuseoftheapproaches.D.Whytomaketheapproachesunderstandable.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘Moreworkliesaheadtodecidetheneedednumberofcoolingsitestoreallyhelpfishcommunities,’saysKathrynSmith.”可知,未来还有更多的工作要做,以确定真正帮助鱼类群体所需的冷却地点数量。所以,Smith团队未来需要弄清楚需要多少冷却地点,故选B。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)(2024·太原模拟)Howtochooseahikingtrl(路径)Ifyou’reakeenhiker,chancesareyouhaveyourfavoritetrlsmostlybecausethey’reeasytoreachandfitintoyourschedule.Ifyoudesiretosetfootinhikingindepth,thisguidemaywalkyouthroughthestepsofhowtochooseahikingtrltoyournextgreatadventure.8,defininghowmanymilesthehikecoversbeforedeparture.Next,askyourselfifyoucanreasonablywalkthatfar.Youcanjustwalkasfardownatrlasyouwant,andthenturnbackwhenyou’reready.9,suchasawaterfallorstandingstones,you’llideallymakesureyoucanreachit.

Knowwhat’sgoingtobeunderfoot.10.Onahikeyoumightencounteralldifferenttypesofland,andtheclimbingisgoingtobedangerousorstable.Sodoresearchandunderstandwhattypeofterrn(地形)you’relikelytoencounter.There’sabigdifferencebetweenwalkingthroughaforestandstr-steppingupasteeprock.Whenyou’reusingroutefindingapps,trlsareusuallyrateduseasy,moderateordifficult.Makesureyouunderstandexactlywhatthehikeinvolvesfromaskilltoequipment.11.

Forhikers,athunderingwaterfullfallingoveracliffcanbeabreathtakingclimaxtoaforesthike.12,thethingsyou’llseealongthewayareagreatreasontochooseonehikingtrloveranothersolongastherestofitfallswithinyourabilitylevelofcourse.

A.MasteryourhikingequipmentB.EveniftheyareworthvisitingC.CheckthetotaldistanceinvolvedD.Butifthere’sawaymarkyou’rehopingtoseeE.IthelpsyoudecidebetweenhikingshoesorbootsF.AlthoughnotallhikesleadtoafantasticviewpointG.Don’trushintothejourneywithouttheinvestigationsabove【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何选择远足路线。8.【解析】选C。根据下文“defininghowmanymilesthehikecoversbeforedeparture”可知,建议要先确定远足的路程,与C项意思一致,“howmanymilesthehikecovers”和“thetotaldistanceinvolved”相照应。故选C。9.【解析】选D。下文“suchasawaterfallorstandingstones”列举了一些路标,是对D项中“awaymark”的说明,上下文语义连贯。故选D。10.【解析】选E。上文“Knowwhat’sgoingtobeunderfoot.”提出要弄清楚脚下的路是什么样的,E项承接上文,说明这样做的意义:决定穿什么样的鞋子。上下文语义连贯。故选E。11.【解析】选G。上文介绍了出发前的调查和准备工作,G项再次强调这些工作的意义,句中“theinvestigationsabove”指代上文中的内容。故选G。12.【解析】选F。分析句子结构可知,设空后是主句,空格处应该是一个从句。结合下文“thethingsyou’llseealongthewayareagreatreasontochooseonehikingtrloveranother”可知,此处与徒步路线的选择有关。F项与徒步路线相关,与下文构成转折关系。故选F。Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)(2024·九师模拟)Iwasalwaysinterestedinbiology.However,itwasn’tuntilIsawa13aboutcavedivinginseniorhighschool,inwhichIwatcheddiverspassbyurchins(海胆),thatIrealizedIwantedto14caveanimals.Thevideodidn’tmentionthe15inthoseunderwaterhouses,butI16theymustbethere.Morethanjustnamingthem,Iwantedtolearnabouttheir17,whichmeantIneededtostudythemintheir18habitat.

Cavedivingrequiresspecial19.InthisphototakenduringasamplingtripinMarchinBelize,youcanseethatIwascarryinglightsandnavigationtools,andbringingextrartanks.Iwasusinganetandtesttubestocollecttinyandnearly20animalsfloatinginthewater.Sincethen,I’vecometo21thatcavesarefulloflife:shrimps,seastarsandurchins,all22thelow-lightenvironments.

Althoughunderwatercavesmightseemfarremovedfromsurfaceenvironments,researchhasshownthattheseworldsare23inmanyways.Ifpollutantsgetunderground,theycan24affectmanyecosystems.

Thecaveecosystemissufferingfromclimatechange.Ifwedidn’ttakeactionto25theseamazingcaves,theycouldbegonebeforewehavethe26tofullyunderstandthem.Andeverythingthatmakesthemuniquewould27,too.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中学时看过一部关于洞穴潜水的电影,从而开始对洞穴生物感兴趣,后来自己也去洞穴潜水,了解水下洞穴的生物及其生存环境。13.A.filmB.storyC.paperD.book【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,直到我在高中看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影,在电影中我看到潜水员经过海胆,我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。film电影;story故事;paper纸;book书。根据下文“Thevideodidn’tmention...”提到视频可知,此处应表示作者看了一部关于洞穴潜水的电影。故选A。14.A.adopt B.feedC.rescue D.study【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,直到我在高中看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影,在电影中我看到潜水员经过海胆,我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。adopt采纳;feed喂养;rescue救援;study研究。根据下文“whichmeantIneededtostudythemintheir______habitat”提到研究可知,此处应表示作者意识到自己想研究洞穴动物。故选D。

15.A.caves B.creaturesC.views D.divers【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物,但我相信它们一定在那里。caves洞穴;creatures生物;views景点;divers潜水员。根据上文“caveanimals”可知,此处应表示视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物(即洞穴动物)。故选B。16.A.believed B.dreamedC.doubted D.disagreed【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物,但我相信它们一定在那里。believed相信;dreamed梦想;doubted怀疑;disagreed不同意。根据上文“Thevideodidn’tmentionthe______inthoseunderwaterhouses”提到视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物,以及转折词but可知,此处应表示作者相信它们一定在那里。故选A。

17.A.photos B.ecologyC.names D.news【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:除了给它们命名,我还想了解它们的生态,这意味着我需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。photos照片;ecology生态;names名字;news新闻。根据下文“Ifpollutantsgetunderground,theycan______affectmanyecosystems.”提到影响许多生态系统可知,此处应表示作者想了解它们的生态。故选B。

18.A.artificial B.shallowC.modern D.natural【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:除了给它们命名,我还想了解它们的生态,这意味着我需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。artificial人工的;shallow浅的;modern当代的;natural自然的。根据上文提到的作者想了解它们的生态,以及下文“habitat”可知,此处应表示作者需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。故选D。19.A.time B.equipmentC.information D.space【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:洞穴潜水需要特殊的设备。time时间;equipment设备;information信息;space空间。根据下文“youcanseethatIwascarryinglightsandnavigationtools,andbringingextrartanks”提到作者带着的工具可知,此处应表示洞穴潜水需要特殊的设备。故选B。20.A.starving B.valuableC.invisible D.dying【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我用网和试管收集漂浮在水中几乎看不见的小动物。starving饥饿的;valuable有价值的;invisible看不见的;dying垂死的。根据语境以及上文“tiny”可知,此处应表示作者用网和试管收集漂浮在水中几乎看不见的小动物。故选C。21.A.deny B.promiseC.learn D.imagine【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:从那时起,我开始了解到洞穴里充满了生命:虾、海星和海胆,它们都在适应弱光环境。deny否定;promise承诺;learn了解;imagine想象。根据下文“thatcavesarefulloflife:shrimps,seastarsandurchins,all______thelow-lightenvironments”可知,此处应表示作者开始了解到洞穴里充满了生命:虾、海星和海胆。故选C。

22.A.adaptingto B.appealingtoC.breakingup D.clearingup【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:从那时起,我开始了解到洞穴里充满了生命:虾、海星和海胆,它们都在适应弱光环境。adaptingto适应;appealingto吸引;breakingup分解;clearingup清理。根据语境以及下文“thelow-lightenvironments”可知,此处应表示住在洞穴的虾、海星和海胆这些生物都在适应弱光环境。故选A。23.A.created B.mirroredC.linked D.interpreted【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管水下洞穴似乎与地表环境相去甚远,但研究表明,这些生物圈在许多方面都是联系在一起的。created创造;mirrored反射;linked联系;interpreted解释。根据上文“Althoughunderwatercavesmightseemfarremovedfromsurfaceenvironments”提到尽管水下洞穴似乎与地表环境相去甚远可知,下文与上文存在语义上的转折,此处应表示这些生物圈在许多方面都是联系在一起的。故选C。24.A.suddenly B.barelyC.originally D.negatively【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:如果污染物进入地下,它们会对许多生态系统产生负面影响。suddenly突然;barely几乎不;originally起初;negatively负面地。根据上文“Ifpollutantsgetunderground”提到污染物进入地下可知,此处应表示它们会对许多生态系统产生负面影响。故选D。25.A.conserve B.exploreC.decorate D.construct【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们不采取行动保护这些神奇的洞穴,它们可能在我们有机会完全了解它们之前就消失了。conserve保护;explore探索;decorate装饰;construct建设。根据下文“theycouldbegone”可知,此处应表示这些神奇的洞穴可能会消失,所以需要我们去保护它们。故选A。26.A.permission B.desireC.decision D.chance【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果我们不采取行动保护这些神奇的洞穴,它们可能在我们有机会完全了解它们之前就消失了。permission准许;desire渴望;decision决定;chance机会。根据上文“theycouldbegonebeforewe...”以及下文“tofullyunderstandthem”可知,此处应表示它们可能在我们有机会完全了解它们之前就消失了。故选D。27.A.happen B.returnC.disappear D.begin【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:所有让它们独一无二的东西也会消失。happen发生;return返回;disappear消失;begin开始。根据上文“theycouldbegone”以及下文“too”可知,此处应表示所有让它们独一无二的东西也会消失。故选C。Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)(2024·山东齐鲁名校联盟联考)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IndowntownXiamen,FujianProvince,a6-meter-highmound(土堆)thatstretchesfor60to70metersstandsincontrasttothehigh-rise28._______(construction)allaround.Itisavitalplacefortheblue-tledbee-eaters.Nowtheyareundersecond-levelstate29.__________(protect).

Theblue-tledbee-eater,orMeropsphilippinus,isknownforitscolorfulplumageandontheChinesemnlandit30._________(find)incoastalprovinces,suchasFujianandHnan.

31.____________(establish)in2011asXiamen’sinauguralcity-levelnaturereserveinanurbanarea,theWuyuanwanNatureReserveprovides32.__________crucialhabitatforthespecies.

Inrecentyears,withimprovedenvironmentalconditionsinXiamenandthecitygovernment’scommitment33.__________natureconservation,theblue-tledbee-eatershavebecomeregularvisitors.

Before2015,thecenter34.__________(observe)some70to80birdsintheareawhilein2023,over200ofthebirdswerewatchedatthenestingsite.

Thebirds,35.__________aresensitivetosmell,buildanewnesteveryyear.Therefore,themoundmustbeclearedandrefilledaftertheblue-tledbee-eatersflysouth.

36.__________(safeguard)theirhabitatbetter,thecitygovernmentissuedanoticein2017,settingupaprotectivezonearoundthenestingsite,wherenoiseandpolluti