核心素养测评（选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection）

核心素养测评(30分钟32.5分)二十九选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)A(2025·山东模拟)Atlargeeventsallovertheworld,thescenesofextremeheatstressarestartingtolookfamiliar.Oldermen,shirtsundone,lyingdownwiththeireyesclosed.dtentspackedwiththeunconscious.Andlinesofthefthful—whethertheyseekreligion,music,ballotboxesorsport—sweatingundersliversofshade.Theconsequenceshavebeenscared.Atthisyear’shajj(朝觐),theIslamicpilgrimageinSaudiArabia,atleast1,300peoplediedastemperaturesbeyond37℃.Andinmanyways,thatheavyincidentwasjustthelatestsignthatcrowdcontrolandheatwavesfueledbyclimatechangeareonadangerouspower.DuringIndia’srecentelection,dozensofworkersdiedonthejob.Lastsummer,troopsofBoyScoutsvisitingRepublicofKoreabecamesickfromheat,asdidothersatmusicfestivalsinAustralia,EuropeandNorthAmerica.Evenasheatkillsmorepeopletodaythananyotherextremeweatherevent,thereisstilladangerousculturallag(滞后).Manymajor-eventorganizersarestillflingtorealizejusthowmuchawarmingplanethasrisentherisktosummercrowds.“Asthewarmseasonsgetlonger,astheheatwavescomeearlier,we’regoingtohavetoadapt,”sdBenjaminZtchik,aclimatescientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversitywhostudieshealth-damagingclimateevents.Alongwithpersonalbehavior,headded,facilities,emergencymanagementandsocialcalendarsmust“reallyacknowledgethisnewreality”.Amongthemanylow-techwaystopreventsicknessanddeathareshade,waterstations,sidewalkspntedwhitetoreflectheatandemergencyhealthservicestotreatseverecasesofheatstroke.Somehotandinnovativeplaces,likeSingapore,haveconstructedpublicspacesunitingtheoutdoorswiththeindoors.Theyhaveaddedr-conditioningtoareaswherepeoplemighthavetospendtimewting,suchasbusstops.Thehardestfixofallmaybeonethatisalsoinsomewaysthesimplest:educatingordinarypeopleabouttherisksofheat,includingthosewhoareaccustomedtolivinginhotplaces.Often,theyareunawareoftheearlysymptomsofheatstressorhowhightemperaturesareespeciallydangerousforpeoplewithpre-existinghealthconditions,likekidneydisease(肾病)orhypertension(高血压).“Heatisavery,verycomplexandsneakykiller,”sdTarikBenmarhnia,anenvironmentalepidemiologistandassociateprofessoratUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.“It’sverysilent.”【语篇属性】语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然(高温气候变得更加频繁)语篇内容文章主要说明了如今高温气候变得更加频繁,炎热的天气对人们的影响超出了预期。指出解决这一问题的方法和存在的挑战语篇结构Para.1Globaleventsfaceextremeheatstress.Para.2Heatleadstosevereconsequences.Para.3Heatrisksareoverlooked.Para.4Adapttoheatwaves,ascientistsays.Para.5Low-techsolutionspreventheatillnesses.Para.6Publiceducationonheatrisksiscrucialyetchallenging.Para.7Heatisacomplexandsilentkiller.【命题意图】1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinParagraph2?此题设置是把信息定位到第二段,本段主要讲述了高温气候的后果令人担忧。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的把握与理解,推断出作者第二段的写作目的。本题旨在考查考生基于对文章的理解,读懂并分析判断段落内的内容信息之间的逻辑关系。2.Whatismnlytalkedaboutinthetext?此题设置需要考生通读全文,尤其是第三段和倒数第二段,本文主要围绕高温气候的严重后果及其解决方法和存在的挑战而展开。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,归纳总结出文章的大意。本题旨在考查考生基于对文章的理解,提炼文章的中心思想的能力。3.WhatseemtobemostTarikBenmarhnia’sattitudetowardheat?此题设置是把信息定位到第七段,本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解与TarikBenmarhnia的话语,推断出TarikBenmarhnia的态度。本题的命制,旨在考查考生基于文章中的信息,分析和推断文章中信息所表达的情感和态度的能力。4.AccordingtoBenjaminZtchik,whichmeasureishemostlikelytoagreewith?此题设置是把信息定位到第四段,本段主要讲述了BenjaminZtchik说我们将不得不适应高温气候。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解与BenjaminZtchik的话语,推断出BenjaminZtchik最有可能会同意的措施。本题的命制,旨在考查考生基于对文章的理解,推断文章中某个人物的观点的能力。1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinParagraph2?A.Largeeventsareheldmorefrequentlythanbefore.B.Hotweatherinfluencedpeoplemorethanexpected.C.Occurrenceofpeoplegettinginjuredismorecommon.D.Peopleconsidertheirjobmoreimportantthantheirlives.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段(在今年沙特阿拉伯的麦加朝圣中,至少有1300人因气温超过37℃而死亡。在许多方面,这一重大事件只是气候变化引发的人群控制和热浪处于危险状态的最新迹象。在印度最近的选举中,数十名工人在工作中死亡。去年夏天,访问韩国的男童军士兵因高温而生病,澳大利亚、欧洲和北美音乐节上的其他士兵也是如此)可知,炎热的天气对人们的影响超出了预期。故选B项。2.Whatismnlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.Culturaldiversityinglobal.B.Dangerousnessoflargefestivals.C.Ahiddenkillerofthehealth.D.Disadvantagesofhightemperature.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第三段和倒数第二段“最困难的解决办法可能也是最简单的解决办法:教育普通人了解高温的危害,包括那些习惯于在炎热地区生活的人。通常,他们不知道热应激的早期症状,也不知道高温对已经患有肾病或高血压等疾病的人来说是多么危险。”并通读全文可知,这篇文章主要讨论了健康的隐形杀手。故选C项。3.WhatseemtobemostTarikBenmarhnia’sattitudetowardheat?A.Indifferent.B.Complex.C.Uncaring. D.Serious.【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段加州大学圣地亚哥分校环境流行病学家、副教授TarikBenmarhnia说:“高温是一个非常、非常复杂和狡猾的杀手。它非常安静。”可知,TarikBenmarhnia对高温的态度是严肃的。故选D项。4.AccordingtoBenjaminZtchik,whichmeasureishemostlikelytoagreewith?A.Drawingsidewalksinwhite.B.Educatingmorepeopleinadaptingheat.C.Promotingmorejobsandmedicalresources.D.Buildingmorepublicfacilitiesandstations.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段“随着温暖季节变得更长,热浪来得更早,我们将不得不适应,”约翰霍普金斯大学研究有损健康的气候事件的气候科学家BenjaminZtchik说。他补充说,除了个人行为,设施、应急管理和社交日程都必须“真正认识到这一新的现实”。可知,根据BenjaminZtchik的观点,他最可能同意在适应高温方面教育更多人。故选B项。【阅读障碍】【熟词生义及低频词汇】1.sweatv.流汗,出汗,冒汗;通过出汗排除n.汗水,汗液;一身汗,满身大汗2.fuelv.刺激,加剧;(给……)提供燃料,加油n.燃料,燃烧剂;刺激因素,刺激性言行;(为身体提供能量的)食物,饮料,药剂3.associateadj.副的,准的,非正式的;联合的,有关连的v.联想,联系;支持,同意;交往,(尤指)混在一起n.同事,伙伴;副学士,准学士;副职,副手;准会员;联想associateprofessor副教授4.pre-existingadj.现存的;已存的,先于……存在(或生存)的5.indifferentadj.冷淡的,不关心的【长难句分析】Andinmanyways,thatheavyincidentwasjustthelatestsignthatcrowdcontrolandheatwavesfueledbyclimatechangeareonadangerouspower.分析:本句为主从复合句,主句是thatheavyincidentwasjustthelatestsign。第二个that引导同位语从句,对sign的内容进行介绍说明;同位语从句中的主句是crowdcontrolandheatwavesareonadangerouspower;fueledbyclimatechange是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰crowdcontrolandheatwaves。翻译:在许多方面,那一重大事件只是气候变化引发的人群控制和热浪处于危险状态的最新迹象。B(2025·山东新高考联合质量测评)Switchingfoodanddrinkpurchasestoverysimilarbutmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativescouldreducethegreenhousegasemissionsfromhouseholdgroceriesbymorethanaquarter(26%),accordingtoanewAustralianstudyfromTheGeorgeInstitutepublishedinNatureFood.Makingbiggerchanges—likeswappingafrozenmeatlasagne(宽面条)forthevegetarianoption—couldpushthereductiontoasmuchas71%.LeadauthorDrAllisonGnessd,“Dietaryhabitsneedtochangesignificantlyifwearetomeetglobalemissionstargets,particularlyinhigh-incomecountrieslikeAustralia,theUK,andtheUS.”Butwhileconsumersareincreasinglyawareoftheenvironmentalimpactofthefoodsystem,theylackreliableinformationtoidentifythemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoptions.Researcherscalculatedtheprojectedemissionsofannualgrocerypurchasesfrom7,000AustralianhouseholdsinTheGeorgeInstitute’sFoodSwitchdatabaseandglobalenvironmentalimpactdatasets.Morethan22,000productswereassignedtomajor,minorandsub-categoriesoffoods(e.g.‘breadandbakery’‘bread’and‘whitebread’,respectively)toquantifyemissionssavedbyswitchingbothwithinandbetweengroups.Makingswitcheswithinthesamesub-categoriesoffoodscouldleadtoemissionreductionsof26%inAustralia,equivalenttotakingover1.9millioncarsofftheroad.Switcheswithinminorcategoriesoffoodscouldleadtoevenbiggeremissionreductionsof71%.Theresultsofthestudyshowthepotentialtosignificantlyreduceourenvironmentalimpactbyswitchinglike-for-likeproducts.“Itshowedthatyoucanswitchtoloweremissionsproductswhilestillenjoyingnutritiousfoods,”DrGnesadded.Afreeapp,calledecoSwitch,hasbeendevelopedcurrentlyavlableinAustralia,basedonthisresearch.Shopperscanusetheirdevicetoscanaproductbarcodeandcheckits‘PlanetaryHealthRating’,ameasureofitsemissionsshownasascorebetweenhalfastar(highemissions)tofivestars(lowemissions).“WhileecoSwitchisamuch-neededfirststepinprovidingenvironmentaltransparency(透明度)forgroceryshoppers,thevisionisforcompulsivedisplayofasingle,standardisedsustnabilityratingsystemonallsupermarketproducts,”concludedprofNeal,ProfessorofClinicalEpidemiologyatImperialCollegeLondon.【语篇属性】语篇类型新闻报道主题语境人与社会(更环保的食品和饮料替代品)语篇内容文章报道了一项新的澳大利亚研究,该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放语篇结构Para.1Eco-friendlyfoodanddrinkreduceemissions.Para.2Consumerslackinformationoneco-friendlyoptions.Para.3Researcherscalculatedemissionreductionsfromfoodswitches.Para.4Thestudyshowsbenefitsoflower-emissionproducts.Para.5EcoSwitchappinAustraliashowsproducts’emissionratings.Para.6ProfNealenvisionsstandardisedsustnabilityratingsystemonallsupermarketproducts.5.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbylistingnumbersinParagraph1?A.Theimpactoffoodindustry.B.Theneedofchangingdlydiet.C.Thestatusofenvironmentalproblems.D.Theinfluencingfactorsofgasemissions.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段“乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新的澳大利亚研究,将食品和饮料的购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品,可以将家庭杂货的温室气体排放量减少四分之一以上(26%)。做出更大的改变——比如把冷冻肉千层面换成素食——可能会使碳排放减少多达71%。”可知,作者在第一段列举数字是想说明改变日常饮食的需要。故选B项。6.Whydoresearchersmakeadetledclassificationforproducts?A.Tosetupacomprehensivedatabase.B.Tofigureoutthedetledfoodcategories.C.Toidentifyemissionsreducedbyswitchingfood.D.Toensurelessrpollutioncausedbyfoodoptions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“超过22000种产品被分配到食品的主要、次要和子类别(例如‘面包和烘焙’‘面包’和‘白面包’),以量化通过在组内和组间转换而节省的排放量。在相同的食品子类别中进行转换可以使澳大利亚的排放量减少26%,相当于减少190万辆汽车的排放量。在较小类别的食品中进行转换可能会导致更大的71%的减排。”可知,研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了确定通过转换食物减少的排放量。故选C项。7.WhatdoweknowaboutecoSwitch?A.Itispopularinhigh-incomecountries.B.Itcheckstheemissionsofstarproducts.C.Itisameasurementsystemforasupermarket.D.Itensureswiserchoicesforfoodpurchase.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“基于这项研究,澳大利亚目前开发了一款名为ecoSwitch的免费应用程序。购物者可以用他们的设备扫描产品条形码,查看产品的“行星健康评级”,这是一种衡量产品排放的指标,从半星(高排放)到五星(低排放)不等。”以及最后一段“伦敦帝国理工学院临床流行病学教授尼尔教授总结道:‘虽然ecoSwitch是为杂货店购物者提供环境透明度的急需的第一步,但其愿景是在所有超市产品上强制展示单一、标准化的可持续性评级系统。’”可知,ecoSwitch保证了购买食物时更明智的选择。故选D项。8.Whatdoesthetextmnlytalkabout?A.EcoSwitchmakescustomersawareoffoodrisk.B.Foodswapscontributetoenvironmentalsustnability.C.Environmentalproblemsaccountforlessfoodnutrition.D.Greenhousegasemissionshaveaneffectonfoodsafety.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段以及通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了食物交换有助于环境的可持续性。故选B项。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)(2025·广东省八校检测)Therearesomanydefinitionsofwisdom.Simplyput,wisdomisamixofinsight,commonsense,experience,andresultstosoundjudgement.Itisnotmerelyadesirablequalitybutanabsolutenecessityinaworldfilledwithchaos,controversy,andconflicts.9Itshinesourwaythroughdarkness.

Growingupwithfrytalesandfantasymovies,IalwaysassociatedwisdomwithGandalf,Yoda,andAlbusDumbledore.Althoughthesecharactershavegiveneveryoneofustonsofinspiration,wisdomactuallylieswithinourselves.10Andhow?

11Youwillnevergrowfrombeinginyourcomfortzone,whichiswhyyouneedtogetoutofit.Dochangeyourroutineandexperienceasmuchaswhatlifetakesyouto!Infact,therearealwaysseveralsidestoalifestory.Toidentifythetruth,youneedtobereceptivetodifferentviews.Neverbaseyourperspectiveonthemostpopularopinions.Itisnotemotion-basedeither.Instead,trnyourmindtobeajudgment-freespaceforideas.Open-mindednessopensnewpathwaystoprofoundinsights.

Whatifyouaredesperateforpersonalgrowthandimprovement?12Themoretimeyouspendwiththem,themoretransferofknowledgetherewillbe.Yourtutorscanbewhoeveriswiserthanyou.Yetpriortothat,engageindialoguewiththemtofindoutwhy.

Romewasnotbuiltinaday.13Itisimportanttoacknowledgethatittakesaspanofyourlifeandcontinuousefforttomatureinwisdomasyounavigatelife’schallenges.

A.Individuals