高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧及练习题含解析

高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧及练习题含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Anewstudyfrombrainresearchershelpsexplainhowthehumanbrainevolvedorchangedovertime,topermitpeopletospeakandwrite.

MichaelUllman,theleadresearcher,aprofessoratGeorgetownUniversityMedicalSchoolinWashington,D.C,hasbeenstudyinglanguagelearningformorethan20years.

Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystemformakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted(指派)partsofourbrainforlanguage.Andthoseparts,hesays,areancient-oldereventhanhumansthemselves.

"Thisstudyexaminesthetheoreticalframework(准则)thatlanguageislearned,storedand'processedintwoancientlearningandmemorysystemsinthebrain."

Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.Theyfoundthatpeoplelearnlanguageusingtwomemorysystems:declarativeandprocedural.Memorizingvocabulary,forexample,isadeclarativememoryprocess.Butlearninggrammaris,mostly,aproceduralmemoryprocess.

"Declarativememory,inhumansatleast,iswhatwethinkofaslearningmemory',suchas,'Oh,rememberwhatyousaidlastnight'orthingslikethat.Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatweoftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."Or,Ullmanadds,"Theseproceduralmemoryskillsbecomesodeeplyleanedthatwearenolongerawarethatwearedoingthem."

However,Ullmanexplainsthatthetwolong-termmemorysystemscansharetasks.And,headds,theadultbrainusesthesystemstolearnlanguageabitdifferentlythanachild'sbrain.

"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusinggrammarpatterns.Theythinkaboutitpurposefully.Forachild,thegrammarmaycomemorenaturally.Theydon'thavetothinkaboutthegrammarrulesbeforespeaking."

Inadditiontolanguagelearners,Ullman'sstudycouldhelppeoplewhohaveabraininjurythataffectsspeakingandwriting.Thisknowledgecanalsohelpthosewhohavelearningdisabilitiessuchasdyslexia(阅读障碍).Peoplewithdyslexiahavedifficultyrecognizingwordsandsymbolsaccurately.（1）HowdidUllmanstudyhuman'smemorysystems?A.

Byexaminingthebrainwithhisteam.B.

Bystudyinglanguagelearningoveryears.C.

Bycomparingdifferentlanguagesyearafteryear.D.

Byreferringtodatafromotherstudiesonlanguage.（2）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"motormemory"?A.

Learningtomakeamodelplane.B.

RememberingthegrammarpatternsC.

Repeatingwhatyouheard.D.

Memorizingwhatyouread.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"referto?A.

Declarativememory.B.

Anadultlanguagelearner.C.

Usinggrammarpatterns.D.

Asecondlanguage.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Ullmanhasadvancedourlanguageunderstanding.B.

Anewresearchhelpspeoplelearnanewlanguage.C.

Learningmemoryismoreactivethanmotormemory.D.

Humanbeingslearnlanguageinprehumanareaofbrain.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述MichaelUllman和他的团队的研究称人类大脑前区的为语言学习区，由此解开了人类大脑进化过程之谜。在最古老的大脑学习记忆区域，陈述性记忆和运动记忆分工合作，来完成语言学习。（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.”可知，该团队通过研究其他语言学习的成果，得出的结论，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatweoftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."可知，程序性运动记忆就是我们常说的运动记忆，比如学习骑自行车等技能，故选A。（3）考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusinggrammarpatterns."可知，成年语言学习者在学习第二语言时，是刻意地在使用语法句式。所以it是指代usinggrammarpatterns，故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystemformakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted(指派)partsofourbrainforlanguage.”以及全文可知，人类的语言学习是由大脑前区完成的，该区域早于人类本身。所以选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.

Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.

"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."

ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."

ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.（1）Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.

Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.B.

Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.

Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.D.

ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.

TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.

ClimatechangeinAntarctica.C.

TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.D.

TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.（3）WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.

ItisasbigasLondon.B.

ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.

Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.

IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.B.

TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.

Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.D.

By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统，可知选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环境类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whileeverydogownerknowstheirdogscanreadtheirmoodsperfectly,scientistshavealwaysbeenalittledoubtful.NowthankstosomeresearchersattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna,Austria,wefinallyhavesomeconvincingevidence.

Fortheirstudy,biologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposeselevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy.Halfthedogswererewardedfortouchingthescreenwhenshownahappyface,whiletheotherhalfgottheirtreatforselectingthosethatappearedangry.

Interestingly,thedogswerenotprovidedwiththeentireface.Somedogswereshownonlyupperhalveswhiletheothersobservedlowerhalves.That'sbecausethescientistsbelievehumansshowtheiremotionsontheirentireface.

Aftersometraininglikehowtorecognizesmalldifferenceslikethewrinklesbetweentheeyesorthechangesintheirshapethataccompanythehappyorangryexpressions,thedogsweremostlyabletoidentifythecorrectexpressionnotonlyonafamiliarfacebutonastrangeface.Theresearchersconcludedthedogsweresmartenoughtoreadhumanemotions.

Theyalsofoundthosebeingtrainedtoreadangryexpressionstookalongertimetolearn.Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly.However,oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.Infact,thedogshadsuchagoodtimeplayingthecomputer"game"Thatscientistshadahardtimekeepingthemawayfromthetouchscreensafterthestudywascompleted.

Theresearchersalsonoticedonlydogswithamaleownerhadahardertimeunderstandingtheexpressionscorrectly.Sincethetouch-screenmodelswereallfemales,thisconfirmedwhathasbeenobservedinpreviousstudiesdogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner.（1）Howdidthescientistsconducttheexperiment?A.Byleavingdogstowomenwhoareeitherhappyorangry.B.Bymixingtheselecteddogstogether.C.ByrewardingonlyhalfofthedogstouchingthescreenD.Byshowingdigitalpicturesofwomen'shappyorangryfaces.（2）Theunderlinedword"trepidation"inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.fearandhesitationB.curiosityandeagernessC.excitementandhappinessD.doubtandsadness（3）Accordingtothelastparagraph,dogswithfemaleowners________.A.arefondofthemalefacesB.areuninterestedintellingtheemotionsontheentirefacesC.havedifficultytellingthemoodsonthefacesofmalesD.canonlyrecognizeemotionsoffemales（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.MoodChangesInfluenceDogsB.DogsIdentifytheMoodsC.dogsandTheirOwnersD.Dog'sMoodResearch【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新的实验发现，即狗能够识别人的面部表情的变化。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"FortheirstudybiologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposedelevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy."可知，实验人员通过屏幕向这些狗展示了一组女性面部表情的照片，这些表情中既有快乐的，也有愤怒的。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly"以及"However"可知，与前面意思相反，以及划线词后的"disappear"可知"oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.…"此句为，狗看到生气的表情后会感到厌恶，并由此退缩，但是一旦聪明的狗意识到会有奖励之后，它们的恐惧以及退缩就会消失。由此可判断出A符合题意，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"......thisconfirmedwhathadbeenobservedinpreviousstudies―dogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner"可知，狗擅长辨别与自己主人性别相同的人的表情，由此推断，让主人是女性的狗来辨别男性面部表情的图片是比较困难的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每个狗的主人都知道他们的狗狗能很好地读懂他们的情绪，但科学家们一直有点怀疑。现在，有证据表明这是正确的”，接着在下文用硬实证明了这一点。因此本文的最好的题目就是“狗能识别人的情绪”。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).

Migratorybirds(候鸟)floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia(维基百科),theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.

Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.

Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.

Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists(生态环境保护者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."

RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."（1）Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.（2）WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.（3）HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.（4）WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?A.

Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B.

Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C.

TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D.

Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.（2）What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A.

Lackingprotection.

B.

Beingstuckbyplastics.C.

Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.

Treatingplasticsasfood.（3）WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.

Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B.

Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C.

It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D.

Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.

B.

Atravelbrochure.C.

Anenvironmentalreport.

D.

Alifestylemagazine.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.

”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。可知选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．犇犇阅读理解

InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.

Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（独有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.

Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.

Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint（色调）inthesky,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthere'sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoesB.

DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornadoC.

ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-tellingD.

GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds（2）Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?A.

Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.B.

Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.C.

Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.D.

Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A.

Thesunset.

B.

Redlight.

C.

Bluelight.

D.

Water.（4）Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?A.

Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.B.

Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.C.

Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.D.

Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的，有时它们会导致大量降雨，甚至冰雹，待在室内或许是最好的选择。（1）考查主旨大意。通读全文，根据第一段中的“there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.”可知，本文主要话题是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.”可知，白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。故选C。（3）考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（独有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.”可知，选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.”可知，水既能反射蓝光，也能反射红光，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Escapingpredators(食肉动物),digestionandotheranimalactivities—includingthoseofhumans—requireoxygen.Butthatessentialingredientisnolongersoeasyformarinelifetoobtain,severalnewstudiesreveal.

Inthepastdecadeoceanoxygenlevelshavetakenadive—analarmingtrendthatislinkedtoclimatechange,saysAndreasOschlies,anoceanographerattheHelmholtzCenterforOceanResearchinGermany,whoseteamtracksoceanoxygenlevelsworldwide."Weweresurprisedbytheintensityofthechangeswesaw,howrapidlyoxygenisgoingdownintheoceanandhowlargetheeffectsonmarineecosystemsare,"hesays.Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,butthescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropical(热带的)regionshavedroppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelast50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally.

Awarmingoceanlosesoxygenfortworeasons:First,thewarmeraliquidbecomes,thelessgasitcanhold.Thatiswhycarbonateddrinksgoflatfasterwhenleftinthesun.Second,aspolarseaicemelts,itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder,moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth.

Oceananimalslargeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions.Climatechangealreadyposesseriousproblemsformarinelife,suchasoceanacidification,butdeoxygenationisthemostpressingissuefacingseaanimalstoday,Oschliessays.Afterall,hesays,"theyallhavetobreathe."

Asidefromfoodwebproblems,animalsfacevariousotherphysiologicalchallengesastheirbodiesadjusttoloweroxygenlevels.Chineseshrimp(虾)movetheirtailslessvigorouslytopreserveenergyinloweroxygenenvironments.Somecreatures,suchasjellyfishes,aremoretolerantoflowoxygenthanothersare.Butallanimalswillfeeltheimpactofdeoxygenationbecausetheyallhaveevolvedtheiroxygencapacityforareason,saysOschlies."Anydropinoxygenisgoingtodamagesurvivabilityandperformance,"hesays.（1）Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatworriesscientiststhemost?A.

Theworseningdeoxygenationinthewarmingocean.B.

Thesurvivalofpredatorsandvariousmarineanimals.C.

Thealarminglychangeableoxygenlevelsintheocean.D.

Thelackofattentiontothewarmingoftropicaloceans.（2）Whichofth