大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析(第1套)

大学英语四级考试真题COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—2024年12月（第1套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试Directions:Supposethebusinessschoolofyouruniversityisconductingasurveytocollectstudents'opinionsontheexpressdeliveryserviceindustryinChina.Youaretowritearesponseaboutitsrecentdevelopmentanditsimpactonpeople'slives.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域内作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效！PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1-2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A.Sheisthelongest-servingbusdriverinFayettevilleB.Shehasbeendrivingaschoolbuseversince2009.C.ShehasbeenlivinginFayettevillefor25years.D.Sheismakingaspecialefforttoberecognized.2.A.ThesignificanceoftheeventtotakeplaceMarch18B.Thenewproclamationissuedearlythisweek.C.Thenumberofriderstheyserveinthecity.D.Theimportanceoftheirservicetothecity.Questions3-4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A.Budgeted$56.7millionforthecomingschoolyear.B.Requestedtoraiseteachers'salariesby3percent.C.Keptraisingfundsforatleast8budgetcycles.D.Proposedaspendingincreaseby5.99percent.4.A.Reductioninfederalandstatefunding.B.Firingoflessqualifiedfacultymembers.C.Decreaseinsalariesforschooladministrators.D.Closingdownofsomelesscompetitiveschools.Questions5-7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A.TheyoftentakeplaceintheScottishhighlands.B.Theirloudclapscanbeconfusedwithexplosions.C.Theirdamagecanbeasseriousasthatofbombs.D.Theyusuallyhappeninthemiddleofthenight.6.A.TheytoldthemthemilitaryexercisewasoverB.Theypromisedtostoptheconstructionwork.C.Theysentoutamessagetocalmthemdown.D.Theysetofftoinspectthesiteoftheplanecrash.7.A.Avoiddriving.B.Takecaution.C.Userailservice.D.Keepwarm.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8-11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A.Whythemanissoanxioustobuyanewphone.B.Howthemangotintothehabitofbeingwasteful.C.Howthemancouldpossiblyaffordanewphone.D.Whythemanissofondofusinghiscreditcard.9.A.Itisnotinfashionanymore.B.Itgoesoutoforderfrequently.C.Itlacksfunctionsofficeworkrequires.D.Itisnotasfancyashiscolleagues'.10.A.Itallowshimtoborrowmoneywithoutpayinginterestforsixmonths.B.Itisavailabletoofficeworkerswhohaveagoodenoughcreditscore.C.Itisaspecialoffertorecentcollegegraduatesworkinginoffices.D.Itenableshimtobuyanewphoneatamorefavorableprice.11.A.Sheregretsignoringthewoman'sadvice.B.Sheenjoysbuyingalotoffancythings.C.Shedevelopedahabitofoverspending.D.Sheborrowedmoneytopayherdebt.Questions12-15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Homeownershipandenvironmentalprotection.B.AudienceparticipationinTheMorningShow.C.Jointeffortstoimprovethelocalcommunity.D.Blogwritingandnaturalresourcessaving.13.A.NotwelcomedbymostAmericans.B.Notarealisticsizeforfamilies.C.Onlyfitforfamiliesoffourorless.D.Onlysuitableforrentingtothepoor.14.A.Itisn'teasytorealize.B.Itwillcometruesoonerorlater.C.Itshouldbechanged.D.Itdoesn'tappealtoaveragefamilies.15.A.Theyarevitaltoreducingwasteworldwide.B.Theyareagoodchoiceformanypeople.C.Theyhelptosaveupforlargerhouses.D.Theyhelptolowerhousingprices.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16-18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Growupstrongandhealthy.B.Takecareoftheirwell-being.C.BeatchallengesandtakerisksD.Playoutdoorsandenjoythemselves.17.A.Preventthemfromfeelinglonely.B.Helpthemtoconcealtheirfrustration.C.Enablethemtodeveloptheirmotorskills.D.Reducetheirstressanddepression.18.A.Itbeginsearly.B.Itprovesdemanding.C.Itliesinnatureexperiences.D.Itcallsforlifelongefforts.Questions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Whentheirjobsearchcriteriaaremetfully.B.Whencompaniesembracegreaterdiversity.C.Whentheyfindjobpostingsvisuallyattractive.D.Whencompaniessharetheirinformationonline.20.A.Majorcompaniesinonelocation.B.Emailsinthenormalformat.C.Allcompaniesinthesamesector.D.Variousaspectsofacompany'sworkforce.21.A.Jobsecurity.B.Potentialpayraises.C.Informationaboutdiversity.D.Minimumbasesalary.Questions22-25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A.Original.B.Positive.C.Surprising.D.Important.23.A.Dogscanhelpkidsinmanyways.B.Kids'attitudetodogsisinfluencedbyadults.C.Kidsandadultsalikefindindogsasourceofattachment.D.Dogsmatchtheirbehaviorwithkidsasmuchaswithadults.24.A.Kidsneedtobeawareoftherisksinplayingwithdogs.B.Kidsdifferfromadultsintheirbehaviortowardsdogs.C.Dogsviewbothadultsandkidsassocialcompanions.D.Dogspaymuchattentiontothekidstheylivewith.25.A.Understandingdogs.B.Takingcareofdogs.C.Trainingdogs.D.Associatingwithdogs.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.WhenToniMorrisondiedin2019,theworldlostoneofitsmostinfluentialauthors.ButMorrisonwasnotanearlysuccess.Herfirstnovelwasnotpublisheduntilshewas39,andherlastappearedwhenshewas84.AndMorrisonwasnot26inthisregard.Numerouswritersproducemasterpieceswellintotheir70sandbeyond.Such27accomplishmentshighlightanimportantpoint.Ourcapacitytospeak,writeandlearnnewvocabularydoesnotseemto28withage.Oureyesightmaydimandourrecallmayweaken,but,bycomparison,ourabilitytoproduceandto29languageiswellpreservedintoolderadulthood.Indeed,thelatestresearchthathasemergedonlanguageandagingshowsthatlanguagemasteryisa30thatwebeginasinfantsandcontinueonfortherestofourlives.Someaspectsofourlanguageabilities,suchasourknowledgeofwordmeanings,31improveduringmiddleandlateadulthood.Onestudy,forexample,foundthatadultsoversixtyhadanaveragevocabularysizeofover21,000words.Theresearchersalsostudieda32ofcollegestudentsandfoundthattheiraveragevocabularycontained3316,000words.Inanotherstudy,olderadults,withanaverageageof75,34betterthanparticipantsintheiryouthormiddleyearsontasksthatrequiredthemtodeterminethemeaningofwords.Thus,languageseemstobeaskillthat,contrarytowhatmanymight35,doesnotweakenwithage.AA.actuallyI.literaryB.approximatelyJ.performedC.assumeK.rarelyD.componentL.sampleE.comprehendM.underminedF.deteriorateN.uniqueG.equivalentO.unitH.journeySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Ifwecareaboutplasticwaste,whywon'twestopdrinkingbottledwater?Wehaveallseenthedamageplasticwasteisdoingaroundtheworld,butsalesofbottledwaterhavecontinuedtogrow.A)Foralltheinnovationandchoicethatdefinethefoodanddrinkindustries,ifyouwanttomakemoney,youcoulddoalotworsethanfillabottlewithwaterandsellit.Alitreoftapwater,thestuffwehavecleverlypipedintoourhomes,costslessthanhalfapenny.Alitreofbottledwatercancostwelloverapound,especiallyforsomethingfancythathasbeensuckedthroughamountain.B)Yetthebottledwatermarketislivelierthanever.Itdefiesourincreasingawarenessoftheharmplasticsdototheenvironmentandabroader,growingsensethatsomethinghastochange.SalesintheUKwerewortharecord&558.4millionthispastyear,anincreaseof7%,accordingtothelatestfiguresfromthemarketanalystKantar.SeparatedatafromotheranalystsshowthatlastyeartheBritishconsumedmorethan2.2billionlitresofbottledwater,including"take-home"and“on-the-go"products.That'sanannualriseinvolumeof8.5%.C)Environmentalcampaignersarestrugglingtounderstandwhynationsblessedwithcleantapwatergrowonlyfonderofthebottle."It'sverysurprisingtome,"saysSamChetan-Walsh,apoliticaladviseratGreenpeaceandcampaigneragainstoceanplastic."Publicawarenesshasneverbeenhigher,butthemessageisnotquitereachingallthepeopleitneedsto."Whereitisheard,themessageiscausingconcern.Plasticwaterbottlesrequireoceansoffossilfuelstomakeandship.Additionally,single-useplasticsofalltypesarepollutingourcitiesandseas.Numerousdocumentarieshaveshownhowplasticisultimatelykillingwildlife.D)Movesagainstvariousplasticshavegatheredpace,fromshoppingbagstostrawsandplastic-linedcoffeecups.Chetan-Walsharguesthatbottledwaterisdifferentbecausethealternativesaresoobvious."Ifaproductthatissonakedlyunnecessarycanexist,thenthewholesystemisfailing,"hesays.E)Hopeisnotentirelyoutofreach.Therateofgrowthhasbeguntoease(saleswereup7%intheyear,comparedwith8%thepreviousyear).F)Buteveniflargenumbersofpeoplearequittingbottledwaterbecauseofcarefortheenvironment,othersaretakingitup.Theintroductionofthe"sugartax"onjuicesandsodadrinkshaspushedmorepeopletobottledwater,whilehealthawarenesshasboosteditsdesirability.Tapwaterconsumptionisgrowingatroughlythesamepace(UKconsumersstilldrinkalmostthreetimesasmuchtapwaterasbottledwater)G)Sotheplastictideonlycreepshigher.Theindustryisquicktopointoutthatallitsbottlesarerecyclable."Butcollectionratesare,atthemostgenerousestimates,56%,sotheactualrecyclingratewillbelowerthanthat,"Chetan-Walshsays.Andwhilebottlesmayberecyclable,veryfewaremadeofrecycledplastic.Onewaterbottlecompanylaunchedrecycledhalf-litre"eco"bottlesalongsideitsstandardbottles.Anotherhaspledgedtouseonlyrecycledplasticacrossitsrangeby2025.Chetan-Walshbelievesinabanonsingle-usebottles.Bansdoexistinsomeplaces.Organisersofafamousmusicfestivalannouncedthatwaterbottleswillnotbesoldthissummer.SanFranciscohasbannedthemfromcitypropertyandevents.Lastyear,theUKgovernmentsetoutplanstobansingle-useplasticfromitsestate.H)Waterbottlers,unsurprisingly,don'tsupportbans.Buttheyraiseconcernsabouthealthratherthanprofitmargins.Lastmonthonechiefexecutiveofawaterbottlingcompanysaidthatbanswould"resultingreaterconsumptionofsugarydrinks,addingtoallthehealthdangersofobesity,diabetesandtoothdecay".KinvaraCarey,generalmanagerofanassociationofthebiggestbottledwatermanufacturers,citesasurveyinwhichpeoplewereaskedwhattheywoulddoifbottledwaterwerenotavailable."Forty-fourpercentwouldbuyanotherdrink,whichisnotgreat,14%wouldgowithoutand4.5%saidtheywouldfindafountain,"shesays."Thechoiceisimportant."I)Whatiffountainsweremorenumerous,andtapwatermoreclearlyavailableincafes,restaurantsandelsewhere?DozensoffountainsarebeinginstalledinLondon.Therearesimilarinitiativeselsewhere.Beforeplasticandthemarketingthatmadepeoplethinktheyneededbottledwaterinthefirstplace,fountainswereanurbanfixture.Greenpeace,amongothers,isalsopushingfora“depositreturn"scheme.Thiswouldmeantaxonbottledwaterwouldberefundedtocustomerswhoreturnedtheplasticforrecycling.J)Evenifbottledwatersalesaregrowingslightlymoreslowly,theindustryisracingtoadapttochangingconcernsandtastes.Flavouredwaterisbooming:salesofthesparklingvarietyshotupby20%,accordingtothelatestanalystdata.Meanwhile,internationalwaterbrands,aswellasarangeofnewcompanies,aresellinghigh-endreusablebottles.Andifyoumustfillthemwithtapwater,whynotaddflavouring?K)Astheownerofmultiplesugarydrinkbrandsandbottledwater,PepsiCoisfacingchallengesonhealthandenvironmentalfronts.Lastyear,thecompanyboughtSodaStream(adrinkscompanythatsellsmachinesformakingtapwaterbubblyandthenconsumersaddflavours)for$3.2billion.Italsolaunchedarangeoffancybottlesthatworkwithtapwaterandflavourpackets.Thebottleisreusable.Thepackets?Notsomuch,and,yes,theyaremadeofplastic,althoughthecompanyinvitesuserstopostthembackforrecycling.L)Asissooftenthecase,clevermarketingcanbeatreason;awarenessisrarelyenough."Thereisalwaysthiskindofslipbetweenconcern,intentandchangedbehaviour,"saysGilesQuick,ananalystofbottledwater."Thebestexampleisfiveaday,therecommendationtohaveatleastfiveportionsoffruitandvegetableseveryday.Almosteveryoneisawareofthis,butsomethinglike15%ofusachieveit."Unlessafar-reachingbottlebandoescomeintoforce,itwillbeuptoconsumerstonotonlydemandchange-buttoactthemselves.36.Judgingfromtheslowingrateofsalesgrowth,thereisstillhopetocombatbottledwater.37.Bottledwatermanufacturersbasetheirargumentsagainstbansofplasticbottlesonhealthconcernsratherthanonprofits.38.SalesofbottledwaterinBritainhitarecordhighlastyeareventhoughpeopleareincreasinglyawarethatplasticsareenvironmentallyunfriendly.39.Itoftenhappensthatpeoplecanlackreasonwhenfacedwithskillfulmarketing.40.OnecityonthewestcoastofAmericahasbannedsingle-usebottlesfromitspropertyandevents.41.Manufacturingandshippingofplasticwaterbottlesconsumeatremendousamountoffossilfuels.42.Onelargebeveragecompanyhasadapteditsoperationswhenconfrontedwithchallengesfromhealthandenvironmentaladvocates.43.Bottledwaterisconsiderablymoreexpensivethantapwater.44.Fountainscouldbeseenincitiesbeforebottledwaterbecamepopular.45.Morepeoplehavetakentobottledwaterbecauseoftheirhealthawareness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theweakeningofthehumanconnectiontonaturemightbegoodforeconomicgrowthbutisbadforpeople.Atippingpointwasreachedin2020whenhuman-madematerials—suchassteel,concreteandplastic-werefoundtoweighmorethanalllifeonEarth.Continuingtogrowconcreteforestsratherthanrealonesisshortsighted.SimplybeinginthenearestwoodhassuchhealthbenefitsthattheWoodlandTrustsuccessfullylobbiedforittobeprescribedbydoctors.Yetslippingfrompopularcultureisthewonderandbeautyofthenaturalworld.Foreverythreenature-relatedwordsinhitsongsofthe1950s,researchersfound,therewasonlyslightlymorethanone50yearslater.Itisnotamomenttoosoonthatteenagerswillbeabletotakeanaturalhistorytest,giventhatfordecadeschildrenhavebeenabletonamemorevideogamecharactersthanwildlifespecies.Partofremedyingthissocialdiseasewouldbeforparliamenttopassa"righttogrow"law,allowinganyonetoturnunderusedpublicspacesintovegetableandfruitgardens.Theideaisforpeopletogetbackintouchwiththesoil-whileproducingfoodsustainably.Vegetableplantinghasarespectabletradition.InApril1649,localsrespondedtohighpricesandfoodshortagesbycultivatingvegetablesoncommonlandinSouthernEngland.Thepracticeofthrowingseedbombstoturnvacantplotsoflandgreentookoffin1970sNewYork,andhasbeenrevived（使复活)bygreen-thumbed（有园艺才能的)socialmediainfluencerswhodefylocalUSregulationsinawaronuglyspotsincities.Apartfromtheurgenttaskofprovidingmorehealthynutrientstothosewhoincreasinglycan'taffordthem,publiclyaccessiblefruitandvegetablegardensconnectwhatweeattowhereitcomesfrom-themeansofproduction,ifyouwill.Theycanmakeunlovelyspaceslovely,andmarryuseandbeautyaswellashelppromoteasenseofcommunity.Plantsarealso,ofcourse,ourfirstdefenceagainstspecieslossandclimatechange.Suchplantingisasmallstepforhumanity-—intherightdirection.46.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoemphasiseinthefirstparagraph?A.Theyear2020wasabigturningpointinhumanhistory.B.Economicgrowthbenefitspeoplelittleinthelongrun.C.Itisunwisetoweakenthehumanconnectiontonature.D.Itisharmfultomankindtousehuman-madematerials.47.Whatdidresearchersfindaboutpopularculture?A.Itisincreasinglydetachedfromthenaturalworld.B.Itisfilledwithallkindsofvideogamecharacters.C.Itisespeciallyappealingtothetasteofteenagers.D.Itisstillimpactedbythehitsongsofthe1950s.48.Whatdoestheauthorproposepeopledo?A.Takemeasurestoensuresustainablefooddevelopment.B.Reconnectwithnaturethroughtherighttogrow.C.Standbytheparliamentinfightingsocialdiseases.D.Coverpublicspaceswithfruittreesandvegetableplants.49.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutvegetableplanting?A.Itallstartedin1649inSouthernEngland.B.ItisprotectedbyUSgovernmentregulations.C.Ithaslongbeenusedtoincreasefoodsupplyandimproveurbanlandscape.D.Ithasbeenpopularisedworldwidewiththeincreasinginfluenceofsocialmedia.50.Whatcanpubliclyaccessiblefruitandvegetablegardensdoapartfromtheirpracticalfunctions?A.Raisepeople'senvironmentalawareness.B.Addtothegreatvarietyofplantspecies.C.Actasthefirstdefenceagainstnaturaldisasters.D.Enhancepeople'scommunityspirit.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EngineeringintheU.S.haslongbeenamale-dominatedprofession.Fiftyyearsago,itlookedlikethatmightchange.In1970,thepercentageofwomenmajoringinengineeringwaslessthan1%.In1979,thatnumberwas9%.Manyhopedwomenwouldcontinuetoenterthefieldatthesamerate.Butthat'snotwhathappened.Today,only21%ofengineeringmajorsarewomen,anumberlargelyunchangedsince2000.Iamahistorianwho,alongwithmycolleagues,surveyed251womenengineerswhograduatedfromcollegeinthe1970s.Thesepioneersreflectedonthechallengestheyfaced-—andhadadviceforwomenenteringthefieldtoday.Onesurveytakerexplained,"Thegreatestchallengeformewascontinuingtobelieveinmyself,whenallthemessagesIwasgettingwerethatIwouldneverbetakenseriouslyorpromotedorgivenraisesatthesamerateasmen,whowereclearlylessqualifiedandnotassmartasIwas."Achemicalengineerwhoworkedinmanufacturingagreed,"Youhavetoproveyourselfjustbecauseyouarefemale.Andyouhavetoworktwiceashard!"Acivilengineersaid,"Weare'womenengineers.'Peopledon'trefertoamanasa'manengineer'—he'sanengineer.Weareconstantlyremindedthatwedon'ttrulybelong."Anothercivilengineerstated,"Onmanylevels,you'reneverquiteoneofthegroup."Womenalsotalkedaboutfamilycaregivingresponsibilities.Aretiredvicepresidentfromamajorchemicalcompany