《储能技术概论双语课程》课件-电解水制氢

电解水制氢waterelectrolysisforhydrogenproduction《储能技术概论》《EnergyStorageTechnology》主讲教师：Instructor:

电解水制氢waterelectrolysisforhydrogenproductionCONTENTS碱性电解水技术Alkalineelectrolysiswatertechnology01PART目录质子交换膜电解水技术Protonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysistechnology02PART高温固体氧化物电解水技术Hightemperaturesolidoxidewaterelectrolysistechnology03PART电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater04PART碱性电解水技术AlkalineelectrolysiswatertechnologyPART01一、碱性电解水技术Alkalineelectrolysiswatertechnology碱性电解水技术Alkalineelectrolyticwatertechnology在两个电极之间施以直流电，并用隔膜将阴阳两极分离开来。Adirectcurrentisappliedbetweentwoelectrodes,separatedbyamembrane.阳极

positivepole

阴极negativepole

一、碱性电解水技术Alkalineelectrolysiswatertechnology质量分数为30%的KOH或者NaOH溶液作为电解液。AKOHorNaOHsolutionwithamassfractionof30%isusedastheelectrolyte.缺点

Disadvantages（1）效率低，阳极生成的氧气扩散到阴极又被还原成水；lowefficiency,theoxygengeneratedbytheanodeisdiffusedtothecathodeandreducedtowater;（2）电解器能承受的电流密度有限；Thecurrentdensitythattheelectrolyzercanwithstandislimited;（3）采用液体电解质，不利于运行管理。Theuseofliquidelectrolyteisnotconducivetooperationmanagement.优点Advantages应用成本低Lowapplicationcost质子交换膜电解水技术ProtonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysistechnologyPART02二、质子交换膜电解水技术Protonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysistechnology质子交换膜电解水技术Protonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysistechnology优点Advantages能耗低、设备紧凑，能适应可再生能源电力输入，lowenergyconsumption,compactequipment,canadapttorenewableenergypowerinput,缺点Disadvantages电解槽使用寿命较短、设备成本高。electrolyticcellservicelifeisshort,equipmentcostishigh.原理

Principle阳极：2H2O-4e-→O2+4H+,

Anode:2H2O-4e-→O2+4H+,阴极：2H++2e-→H2Cathode:2H++2e-→H2质子交换膜电解水技术Protonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysistechnology二、质子交换膜电解水技术Protonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysistechnology制约质子交换膜水电解制氢大规模发展的瓶颈在于阴、阳极催化剂材料需采用贵金属以及电解能耗仍然偏高。Thebottleneckrestrictingthelarge-scaledevelopmentofprotonexchangemembranewaterelectrolysishydrogenproductionliesintheuseofpreciousmetalanodeandcathodecatalystmaterialsandthehighenergyconsumptionofelectrolysis.高温固体氧化物电解水技术HightemperaturesolidoxidewaterelectrolysistechnologyPART03三、高温固体氧化物电解水技术Hightemperaturesolidoxidewaterelectrolysistechnology高温固体氧化物电解水技术Hightemperaturesolidoxidewaterelectrolysistechnology650~900℃的高温条件下，利用固体氧化物电解质（Y2O3、ZrO3）将水分解为氢气和氧气。H2O→H2+O2

Undertheconditionofhightemperatureof650~900℃,thewaterisdecomposedintohydrogenandoxygenbyusingsolidoxideelectrolyte(Y2O3,ZrO3).H2O→H2+O2优点Advantages电解效率高，接近100%，能耗低。highelectrolysisefficiency,closeto100%,lowenergyconsumption.缺点Disadvantages设备成本高，技术仍处于实验室阶段，尚未实现商业化。Theequipmentcostishigh,thetechnologyisstillinthelaboratorystage,andithasnotbeencommercialized.

电解水制氢的工艺TheprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwaterPART03三、电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater准备电解槽preparationofelectrolyticcell通电分解水powersupplytodecomposewater气体收集与处理gascollectionandtreatment电解液循环与冷却electrolytecirculationandcooling电极维护与更换electrodemaintenanceandreplacement三、电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater（一）准备电解槽Electrolyticcellpreparation在碱性电解水技术中，电解槽通常采用耐腐蚀的钢材制成，并内置隔膜将阴阳两极分离开来。在质子交换膜电解水技术中，电解槽则采用质子交换膜作为电解质，阴阳极间的距离被缩减到几百微米甚至几十微米。Inalkalinewaterelectrolysistechnology,cellsaretypicallyconstructedfromcorrosion-resistantsteelwithbuilt-inmembranesseparatingtheanodeandcathode.Inprotonexchangemembrane(PEM)waterelectrolysis,cellsemployPEMsaselectrolytes,withthedistancebetweentheelectrodesreducedtomerehundredsoreventensofmicrometers.三、电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater（二）通电分解水Powersupplytodecomposewater将两个电极分别插入电解槽中的水中，保持适当间距。然后接通直流电源，使水在电解槽中发生电解反应。Inserttwoelectrodesintothewaterintheelectrolyticcellrespectivelyandkeepaproperdistancebetweenthem.Thenconnectthedirectcurrentpowersupplytomaketheelectrolyticreactionoccurintheelectrolyticcell.三、电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater（三）气体收集与处理Gascollectionandtreatment氢气收集通常采用湿式气体流量计进行计量，并通过管道输送至储氢罐中储存。Thehydrogenisusuallymeasuredbywetgasflowmeter,andthentransportedtothehydrogenstoragetankthroughpipeline.（四）电解液循环与冷却Electrolytecirculationandcooling设置冷却装置和循环泵来实现。coolingdeviceandcirculatingpumparesetuptorealizeit.三、电解水制氢的工艺Theprocessofproducinghydrogenbyelectrolysisofwater（五）电极维护与更换Electrodemaintenanceandreplacement由于电极在电解过程中会受到腐蚀和磨损的影响，因此需要定期进行检查和维护。如果发现电极表面出现裂纹或脱落等现象，需要及时进行更换以确保电解效率的稳定性和安全性。Aselectrodesaresubjecttocorrosionandwearduringtheelectrolysisprocess,regularinspectionandmaintenancearerequired.Ifcracksordetachmentarefoundonthesurfaceoftheelectrode,timelyreplacementisneededtoensurethestabilityandsafetyofelectrolyticefficiency.SUMMARY小结01在能源领域，电解水制氢可以与太阳能、风能等可再生能源结合，实现“电-氢-电”的自由转化；Inthefieldofenergy,waterelectrolysistoproducehydrogencanbecombinedwithsolarenergy,windenergyandotherrenewableenergytoachievethefreeconversionof"electricity-hydrogen-electricity";02在交通领域，电解水制氢可以为燃料电池汽车提供氢气燃料；Inthefieldoftransportation,waterelectrolysiscanprovidehydrogenfuelforfuelcellvehicles;SUM