2026届湖南省衡阳八中高三上学期期中考英语试题及答案

项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每WhydoesthemangoabA.TotravelonbusineB.Totasteallkindsoffood.C.TolearnaboutdiffeWhatisthewomandoiA.Buyingacoat.B.Askingafavor.WhatdoesthemanaskthewoA.Carryhisbag.B.Examinehiseyes.C.TakecWhatdoesthemanimB.HelefthalfwaythroughtheC.Hehasfinishedall中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将6.WhatdidGeorgebuyfoA.Aring.B.Anecklace.C.Apairofearrings.7.Whatdoweknowab8.Whatdidthemanjustfinishreading?A.Aliterarynovel.BA.LiteraryfictionisC.Sciencefictionisbette10.WhatistherelationA.Poetandreader.B.Te11.WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheA.Gifted.B.Supportive.A.Keepwritingpoems.B.Listentoothers’advice.14.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowarA.Angry.B.Grateful.A.Havethereportretyped.B.Attachanotetothereport.C..A.Thesalesoftheproducts.B.Thecostsoftheproducts.C.Theamountoftheproducts.17.WhendidthestudA.Tenyearsago.B.FortyA.Drums.B.Pianos.A.Collegefreshmen.B.Univer20.Whatisthethemeofthisyear’scompetition?A.Dance.B.Nature.AWe’rehappytointroduceNewsforClassroomUse:aweeklynewsletterwithapieceofnewsandactivitiesquestions,tasksaroundheadlinesandimages,commentstorespondto,vocabularyandlinklessonplans.Thestoriescoveredinthenewsletterrangefrombreakingnewstomoreevergreenabletogobacktoaccordingtoyourstudents’needs.Thenewsletteritselfhasseveralparts.mayalsoserveasareferencepointtoyou,dependingontheactivitiesthatgowiththeparticularelatedtothenews.Youmightaskstudentstodiscussallofthemorjustsomeofthemstudents,usetheeasierquestionsorjustaskstudentstosaywhattheythinkabouttheincludecompletingheadlines,commentingonpictures,reportingwhatstudentshaveheardaboutthIfyouareanUnlimitedoraPremiumuserandyou’resubscribedtoournewslUsenewsletterwilldropintoyourmailboxeveryWednesd21.WhoisthetextiA.Newspresenters.B.Reporters.C.Foreign22.Whichisafeatureofthenewsletter?A.ItpostsdailyupdatB.ItfeaturesbreakingC.ItoffersreusablereadingD.Itcontainsreal-timecomm23.WhatactivitycanberecommendedtobegiA.Rewritingrelatednews.B.ExpressingtheC.Choosingnewspictures.D.contributingtotheB—butwehavenowayofknowingforsure.Hecamefromthelocalanimalsheltewanthim,sincehewasakittenandwewantedtoadoptanadultcatbecausewethouglikelytofindanotherhome,butmylittlesisterinsisswelled,andhisfurdulled.Hebecamesofragilethaupsidedown.Ifelthollow,dead,anemptyshellofaperson.IhadnoideawhatpiecIfoundCometcurledupinacornerthatafternwhenIcamein.Ireachedahandtowardhim.Henuzzledmelooksofabsoluteadoration.Atthatpoint,ithitme:thiscatlovedme.ThecatIdidn’twant,thecatIcifedependedonit,lovedme.AndhewouldalwaysldstilllookupfromanapwhenIenteredtheroom,wouldstiddeterminedlyandunconditionally.Loveiswhatenablesustopickupthepiecesofourbroke24.WhywasthewriterunwillingtoadoptCometinitA.Hethoughtadultcatsweremoregentle.C.Kittenswerethoughteasiertobeadopted.25.HowdidComethelpthewritergothroughhisemotionalbreaA.Bylyingquietlybesidehim.B.ByC.Bydistractinghimwithgrins.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“steadfast”inparagraph6A.Faithful.B.Romantic.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitlefortheA.LovewinsallC.AnencounterwithakittenD.ArescCPicturethis,youwintwoticketstoasold-outconcertandeagerlytexttoaskyourfriendsifthey’dliketojoTherecomestheirresponse“Maybe.”Yourmoodimmediatelyturns,foryouneedtowaitfortheirdecisionyoucanfigureoutyourplIfyou’veexperiencedanythingliketheaboveaextendinganinvitationwantstohearandoverestimateaninviter’slikelihoodofpreferringa“maybe”overa“no.”Moreover,theyfailtorealizehowmuchmoredisrespectedpeoplefeelwhentheyreceiveasomethingcalled“motivatedreasonin(有偏差的)waytosuittheirownwishes.Inotherwords,inviteesconvincethemselvesthatinviterswanttohear“maybe”insteadof“no”becausea“maybe”isbetterfortheinvitees,allowingthemtBesides,peopletendtooverestimatethenegativeconsequencesofsaying“no”toinvitations,thinkingitwillupset,angeranddisappointinviters.However,therewerecertainsituationsthatmadepeoplemorecomfortablesayinrecipientsofaninvitationputthemselvesintheshoesofthepersonextendingtheinvitation,theyaremorelikelytorealizethatthey’dprobablypreferadefiniteanswer.Whentheparticipantsgetinvitedtwanttodo,theyhadnodesiretokeeptheiroptionsopen.Themotivatedreasoningthenbecamyouroptions.Butit’llkeepthosewhoinviteyoufrombeingleftuncertainandmaybethey’llstillthinkofthenextconcertcomestoto28.WhyistheconcertanecdotementionedatthebegiA.Toexplainthebackgroundoftheinvitation.B.Tostresstheimportanceofquickreplies.C.Toencourageimmediatedecision-makin29.Whatisthemainreasonfortheresponseof“maybe”toaninvitation?A.Abiasedinterpretationofsocialcues.B.AdesireforharmoniC.Anunderestimationofrefusalconsequence.D.Anunderstandingoftheinviter’sexpectation.30.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestioninthA.Keepingyouroptionsopenforbetterplans.B.AcceptinginvitationstomaintainfrienC.Prioritizingclearresponseoveropenoptions.D.Thinkingt31.WhatisthebesttitleforthA.ThePsychologybehind“Maybe”B.TheHiddenConsequenceof“Maybe”C.“Maybe”:APoliteEscapefromConflictDWhydosomepeoplefeelsuchastrongbondwithcelebritiesandvalues?AnewstudypublishedintheInternationalJournalofPsychologyhasfoundthatpeoplewhostronglyadmirecelebritiestendtoscorehigherinbothmaterialismandnarcissism(自恋).ThestudywhoperceivethemselvesassimilartotheirfavoritecelebrityaremorelikelytThestudy,conductedbyDavis,Locker,ancompletedabatteryofquestionnairesmeasuringtheirattitudestowardcelebrities,materialisticvalues,andrfavoritecelebrityintermsofpersonality,appearance,orlifestyle.examininghowmuchvaluepeopleplaceonowninwhethertheybelievematerialgoodsmakethemhappier.Narcissismwasmeasuredinnarcissism(characterizedbyconfidence,entitlement,anddominance)andvulnerablenarcissisminsecurity,sensitivitytocriticism,andapreoccupationwithself-image).Theresultsshowedaconsistentonarcissism,onlythevulnerabletype,peoplewithhigherlevelsofemotionalinsecurityandself-focus,weremorelikelytofeelstronglyconnectedtocebehavior,orpersonality—stoodoutasoneofthestrongestpredictorsofcelebrityworship.Theresearchersconcluded,“celebrityworshipisacomplexconstruct,bucelebrityandvulnerablenarcissismpeopleidolizecelebritiesbecauserafterforminganemot32.WhatisparagraphA.Theresearchbackground.C.Theresearchresults.D.Theresearchmeth33.Accordingtothestudy,whoaremorelikelytoworshipceA.ThoseindifferenttoB.Thosevaluingself-confidenceanddominC.ThoseemotionallyinsecurD.Thoseseekingspiritualgrowthbeyondpossess34.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatmightbeadirectionoffutureresearch?A.Celebrityworship.B.Grandiosenarcissism.C.Materialism.D.Per35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.ToexplaincelebrityworshippsycholoB.Towarnagainstthedangersofcelebrityculture.C.TocriticizecelebritymaterialismandnaD.Todescribescalesformeasuringpersonalitytr阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选WhyDoElectricVehiclesMakePeopleMoreCarsicWithelectricvehicles(EVs)gainingsignificantpopularityglobally—accounting2024—manypassengersreportexperiencingincreamediaplatformsarefilledwithsuchpersonalexperiences,particularlyfromthoseridinginpa ___AprimaryreasonforthisphenomenonisthelackoffamiliaritywithEVmotionpatterns.AsWilliamEmond,aPhDresearcherinFranceafterhearingenginerevsinfuel-poweredcars,butEVs 38RecentresearchindicatesthaiseinEVscontributesignificantlytomotiondi—innovativetechnologythattransformskineticenergyBeyondthis,motionsicknessfundamentallbodymovement.Theinnerear,visualcues,andphysicalexpertscalla“neuralmismatchcarsickness—theycontrolandpredictthevehicle’smovements.A.Suchlong-termconflictcantriggermotionsiB.AnothercontributingfactoristhatEV-specificfeaturesaddtotheproC.SomemanufacturersareimprovingsuspensionsystemstD.Driversusuallydon’texperiencecarsicknessduetotheircontroloverE.ThistechnologylengthensthestoppingprocessandmayworsenfeelingsofsicknesF.WithoutpreviousEVexperience,thebrainhastostruggletoestiG.Inregardtothisphenomenon,researchershaveidentifiedseveralscientificexplImustadmitthatIwasn’talwaysafanofch.Likemanychildren,Ifoundcomfortin41—thejoythatcomesfromordi 42themselves.Repetitionbuildsapatternthatquietly43ourcomfortzoneswhy,whileothersstruggletorecalltheirearliestyearofmychildhoodwasmessedupbyadramaticshift.Myearlyyearswere45betweentwocompletelydifferentpartsoftheworld:thefamiliarcalmoftheUnitedStatesandthechaosofthePhilippines.MySanFranciscomemoripigeons,icecream,andseafooddinntoomuchbutnever47thatenthusiAtsix,ImovedtothePhilippines,48bydustyroads,nohotw triedcheapstreetfoAfterfouryears,wereturnedtoCalifornia,whereeverythin“twochildhoods”inside.Thoseyearstaughtmeabundanceandshortagecoexist,andmore.Now,Inolongerfearchange—allbecausethatearly41.A.entertainmentB.school42.A.continuingB.repeating43.A.definesB.disturbs44.A.difficultlyB.intentionallyC.forcefully45A.divided.46.A.chaotic47.A.quieteddownB.showedoff48.A.engagedB.delighted49.A.energeticB.homesickC.comfortable50.A.grewB.str51.A.sighedB.complained52.A.connection53.A.unaffectedB.untouchedC.fixed54.A.avoidingB.embra55.A.failureB.troubleC.joyYangChen-Ning:APhysicsGiaNobellaureateandtoweringfigureinphysics,YangChen-Ning,paTsinghuaUniversity,hislong-timeacademichome,announcedthenews,honoringhim5anofficialobituary(讣Bornin1922,Yang’sacademicpathwasanythingbutachievementcamein1957whenheandTsung-DaoLeenon-conservation,58discoveryoverturnedafundamentalconceptinphysics.FurthermoMillstheory,59(develop)withRobertMills,isnowrecognizedasBeyondhisscientificcontributions,Yangwasapivotalfiscientificcommunity.Afterreturningfor61laoverseasscholars62(ffacilitatingacademicInhislateryears,Yangdevotedhimself64(whole)toeducationandresearcpassingmarkstheconclusionofacentury-longlife.Theuniversityhasproposedinhishonor.Yang’sstorycontinuestoinspirefuturegenerationsofscientistsworldwiDuringmyfinalyearofcollege,Isharedasmalldormroomwithmycl—mysideoftheroomalwayslookedlikeadisasterarotherhand,wasextremelyorganized.Shelabeledeachofherdrawerrcontrastinghabitsoftenmadeusirritate(惹恼)eachother.OneeveninginthemiddleofOctober,thingsreickedoffmybasketballshoes.OneofthemaccidentallyslidunderKim’sbed.Whenshefoundit,herfacetudrightredwithanger.Shepickeduptheshoeandthrewittover.Thelampfelltothefloor,andthelightbulbbrokeintopiecIjumpedup,shoutingatherforbeingsodisrespectful.Sheshoutedback,complabothrushedtowardthedoor,eachdeterminedWemightnothavecomebackthatnightifthephonehadn’trungjustthen.Isatonmybedstillangry.Kim,pickedupthephone.Fromherbrief,unsteadyresponses,Icouldtellsomethingwaswrong.Aftershehucrawled(匍匐)intoherbed,pulledthecoversoverherself,andbegantocry.Thesilence,filledwithanewkindofunease.AsKim’squietcryingreachedmyears,somethinginsi________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IwassofocusedthatIdidn’tnoticeKimhadbeenwatchi_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每WhydoesthemangoabA.TotravelonbusineB.Totasteallkindsoffood.C.Tolearnaboutdiffe【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’dlovetohikeinbeautifulmountainswhenIgoabroadbutmainlyIvisitpeople’straditions,foodsandbackgrounds.M:You’relucky.Idon’thavemanychancestotraveloverseas.IfIdo,thetripsaremostlyrequireWhatisthewomandoiA.Buyingacoat.B.Askingafavor.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’sfreezinginhere!Peter,you’renearesttothewindow.WouldyoumindclosM:IfIwereyou,Iwouldputonawarmcoat.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hello.ThisisthefrontdeskM:Hi.I’mcallingfromRooWhatdoesthemanaskthewoA.Carryhisbag.B.Examinehiseyes.C.Takec【答案】C【解析】M:CanyoukeepaneyeonmyWhatdoesthemanimB.HelefthalfwaythroughtheCHehasfinishedall.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’msuretofailthetest.Idon’tknowwheretheteacherM:SoamI.Ilefthalfoftheblanksunfilled.中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小6.WhatdidGeorgebuyfoA.Aring.B.Anecklace.C.Apairofearrings.7.Whatdoweknowab【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Whatabeautifuldiamond,George!It’sM:Don’tworry,Mom.Itwasn’tasexW:Oh,isthisoneofthosefakediamondnecklaces?IhavearingwithoneM:No,it’sarealdiamond.Itisartificial,though.DidTheycostlessthannaturaldiamonds,buttheyaremorevaluablethanthefakW:Well,it’sbeautiful.AndIlovethissoftpinkcolor.It’sveryattracM:You’reworthit,8.Whatdidthemanjustfinishreading?A.Aliterarynovel.BA.LiteraryfictionisC.Sciencefictionisbette【解析】W:And?WhatdidyouthM:Ihavegottosay,orI’mnotnormallyintoromancenovels,notbecauseIdon’tthimorebecauseI’maveryimpatientreaderandIhateitwhenauthorstaketheirtisamereasonIdon’tlikeliteraryfiction.ButIpW:Idon’tthinkIagreewithyouaboutromancenovelsdifficult.Butromancenovelsareatypeoffictionthatappealtoawiderrangeofaudiencetousesimplerlangu10.WhatistherelationA.Poetandreader.B.Te11.WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheA.Gifted.B.Supportive.A.Keepwritingpoems.B.Listentoothers’advice.【解析】【原文】M:Thankyouagainforencouragingmetoenterthispoetrycompetition.IwouldifIhadn’ttakenthisopportunity.W:YouareverygiftedandhavebeenworkingreallyhardYoudeserve.M:It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.W:Imeanit.Itaughtmanystudentsbefore,butnoneofthemlistenedtomyadvicelM:Ofcourse.Yoursupporthelpedmealot.W:Iguessthejudgesappreciatedyourworktoo,sotheygaveyoutheaward.M:Yeah,IamreallyhappyaboutthereW:Well,youshouldcontinuewritingpoems,notbecauseoftheaward,butbecauseitbringsoutthebestinyou.M:Iwill.Iwritethemfromthehear14.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowarA.Angry.B.Grateful.A.Havethereportretyped.B.Attachanotetothereport.C.A.Thesalesoftheproducts.B.Thecostsoftheproducts.C.Theamountoftheproducts.【解析】【原文】M:Whydowehavetofinishthisreporttonight?It’salrW:Ithastobesubmittedbymidnight.WemustmakeM:Butthey’vebeencheckedoverandW:ThefinanceofficemadesomechangeslatethisM:WhydidtheywaituntilthelastmiW:Thereportwasn’tsentuptothemuntil10:00thismorninM:Well,allright.Ijusthopeitwon’ttaketoolong.W:Here,we’llhavetogointoyouroffice.Myofficehasn’tbeencleaneM:No,minehasn’tbeencleaned,either.WecanuseJane’s,IgW:Allright.Youtaketheaddingmachine,andI’llreadthefigurestoM:Whatareyougoingtodoincaseofamistake？ThereporthasbeentypedW:We’lljusthavetowriteinanycorrectionsbyhand.M:Thatwon’tlookveryneat.Doyoureallythinkwe’regoingtogetthisbusiM:Well,let’sgettoW:Yes,let’s.I’mgoingtostartwiththesalesoftheproducts.Nowthefi17.WhendidthestudA.Tenyearsago.B.FortyA.Drums.B.Pianos.A.Collegefreshmen.B.Univer20.Whatisthethemeofthisyear’scompetition?A.Dance.B.Nature.【解析】【原文】M:Hi,everybody!I’mdelightedtoseesomanyofyouheretodayformyintroductorytalkabouttheuniversitymusicsociety.Thesocietywasoriginallysetupfiftyyearsdepartment.Theyranitthemselvesforthefirsttenyears,andthenhandedovertheorgstudents,andithasstayedthatwathroughouttheyear—we’vehadspeakerstellingusaboutpianosthroughtheages,andhowfirstoneofthetermisthisevening,andit’sallaboutviolins.AndnextWedneourjazzgroupplayinginaconcert.DoyourememberwheretheKing'sHallis,whereyouhadyourfirst-yewelcometalkyesterday?Well,theconcertwillbeintheslightlysmallerUnionHall,justopposite.Wehaveacompetitioneveryyearforyoungcomposers.Ittookusabitoftimechoosingathemethisyear—inwe’vecoveredtopicsfromnaturetodance—thecommitteefinallyagrAWe’rehappytointroduceNewsforClassroomUse:aweeklynewsletterwithapieceofnewsandactivitiesquestions,tasksaroundheadlinesandimages,commentstorespondto,vocabularyandlinklessonplans.Thestoriescoveredinthenewsletterrangefrombreakingnewstomoreevergreenabletogobacktoaccordingtoyourstudents’needs.Thenewsletteritselfhasseveralparts.mayalsoserveasareferencepointtoyou,dependingontheactivitiesthatgowiththeparticularelatedtothenews.Youmightaskstudentstodiscussallofthemorjustsomeofthemstudents,usetheeasierquestionsorjustaskstudentstosaywhattheythinkabouttheincludecompletingheadlines,commentingonpictures,reportingwhatstudentshaveheardaboutthIfyouareanUnlimitedoraPremiumuserandyou’resubscribedtoournewslUsenewsletterwilldropintoyourmailboxeveryWednesd【23题详解】21.WhoisthetextiA.Newspresenters.B.Reporters.C.Foreign22.Whichisafeatureofthenewsletter?A.ItpostsdailyupdatB.ItfeaturesbreakingC.ItoffersreusablereadingD.Itcontainsreal-timecomm23.WhatactivitycanberecommendedtobegiA.Rewritingrelatednews.B.ExpressingtheC.Choosingnewspictures.D.contributingtothe【答案】21.D22.C【解析】【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We’rehappytointroduceNewsforClassroomUse:aweeklynewsletterwiofnewsandactivitiesbasedonitwhichyoucanuseasawarm堂使用新闻》：这是一份周刊，包含一则新闻及基于该新闻的活动，你可将其用作热身、过渡或收尾任you,dependingontheactivitiesthatgowiththeparticularpieceofnews.(根据这则特定新闻配套的活动安排，readitouttostudentsoritmayalsoparticularpieceofnews.(你或许需要把它读给学生【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestoriescoveredinthenewsletterrangefrombreakingnewstomorcontentwhichyouwillbeabletogobacktoaccordingtoyourstudents’needs.(该周刊涵盖的新闻故事从突发新闻到长期适用的内容不等，你可根据学生需求反复使用这细节理解题。根据ACTIVITY部分中的“Ifyouteachlower-levelstudents,usetheeasierquestionsorjustaskstudentstosaywhattheythinkaboutthenews.(如果您教授水平较低的学生（初学者可以使用较简单的问B—butwehavenowayofknowingforsure.Hecamefromthelocalanimalsheltewanthim,sincehewasakittenandwewantedtoadoptanadultcatbecausewethouglikelytofindanotherhome,butmylittlesisterinsisswelled,andhisfurdulled.Hebecamesofragilethaupsidedown.Ifelthollow,dead,anemptyshellofaperson.IhadnoideawhatpiecIfoundCometcurledupinacornerthatafternwhenIcamein.Ireachedahandtowardhim.Henuzzledmelooksofabsoluteadoration.Atthatpoint,ithitme:thiscatlovedme.ThecatIdidn’twant,thecatIclifedependedonit,lovedme.AndhewouldalwayslstilllookupfromanapwhenIenteredtheroom,wouldstideterminedlyandunconditionally.Loveiswhatenablesustopickupthepiecesofourbroke24.WhywasthewriterunwillingtoadoptCometinitA.Hethoughtadultcatsweremoregentle.C.Kittenswerethoughteasiertobeadopted.25.HowdidComethelpthewritergothroughhisemotionalbreaA.Bylyingquietlybesidehim.B.ByC.Bydistractinghimwithgrins.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“steadfast”inparagraph6A.Faithful.B.Romantic.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitlefortheA.LovewinsallC.AnencounterwithakittenD.Ares【答案】24.C25.B26【解析】【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“MybrotherandIdidn’treallywanthim,sincehewasakadoptanadultcatbecausewethoughtthekittenswouldbemorelikelinsisted.(我哥哥和我并不是真的想要它，因为它是一只小猫，我们想收养一只成年猫，【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“He’dbeenasleep,butheliftedhisheadandlmyhanddowntoscratchhisbackandsides,andhestretchedluxuriously,givin崇拜的目光)”及第五段“Atthatpoint,itcareofwhenhislifedependedonit,lovedme.Andhewouldalwaysloveme.Nomatlife,CometwouldstilllookupfromanapwhenIenteredtheroom,wouldstilllove【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词的下一句“Ibelievethatreallove,whetheritcomesfromcat,isoffereddeterminedlyandunconditionally.(我相信，真正的爱，无论是来自你的家【27题详解】主旨大意题。作者在第一至五段讲述了自己精神崩溃时被一只小猫的爱治愈的believeloveissteadfast.Ibelievethatdeterminedlyandunconditionally.Loveiswhatenablesustopickupthepiecesofourbroken相信爱是坚定的。我相信，真正的爱，无论是来自你的家人，还是来自收容所的的爱的力量，治愈了作者崩溃的情绪。由此可知，小猫和爱是CPicturethis,youwintwoticketstoasold-outconcertandeagerlytexttoaskyourfriendsifthey’dliketojoTherecomestheirresponse“Maybe.”Yourmoodimmediatelyturns,foryouneedtowaitfortheirdecisionyoucanfigureoutyourplIfyou’veexperiencedanythingliketheaboveaextendinganinvitationwantstohearandoverestimateaninviter’slikelihoodofpreferringa“maybe”overa“no.”Moreover,theyfailtorealizehowmuchmoredisrespectedpeoplefeelwhentheyreceiveasomethingcalled“motivatedreasonin(有偏差的)waytosuittheirownwishes.Inotherwords,inviteesconvincethemselvesthatinviterswanttohear“maybe”insteadof“no”becausea“maybe”isbetterfortheinvitees,allowingthemt