专题02 语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱（知识清单广东专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

/专题02语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱一、动词的时态和语态1.一般现在时：表示习惯、客观事实或真理。注意第三人称单数动词加-s/-es。2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。注意规则与不规则动词的过去式。3.一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作。常用will/shalldo或begoingtodo结构。4.现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构为am/is/aredoing。5.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构为was/weredoing。6.现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或持续到现在的动作。结构为have/hasdone。7.过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。结构为haddone。8.被动语态：强调动作的承受者。基本结构为be+过去分词，注意时态一致。二、非谓语动词1.动词不定式：todo形式。可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。2.动名词：v-ing形式。具有名词性质，可作主语、宾语、表语。3.现在分词：v-ing形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示主动或进行。4.过去分词：v-ed形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示被动或完成。三、情态动词1.can/could：表示能力、可能性、请求或许可。2.may/might：表示可能性、请求或许可，语气较委婉。3.must：表示必须、肯定推测。否定形式mustn't表示禁止，needn't表示不必。4.shall：用于第一人称，表示征求意见或将来。5.should：表示应该、建议或推测。6.will/would：表示意愿、请求或习惯性动作。7.need：表示需要。既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。8.情态动词+havedone：表示对过去情况的推测或判断。四、主谓一致1.语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数。2.意义一致原则：主语形式为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。3.就近原则：由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。4.集体名词作主语时，强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。五、名词性从句1.主语从句：在句中作主语的从句。注意谓语动词用单数。2.宾语从句：在句中作宾语的从句。注意时态一致和语序。3.表语从句：在系动词后作表语的从句。4.同位语从句：对抽象名词进行解释说明的从句。六、定语从句1.关系代词which：指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。2.关系代词that：指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语。3.关系代词who/whom：指人，who作主语，whom作宾语。4.关系代词whose：指人或物，在从句中作定语。5.关系副词when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。6.关系副词where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。7.关系副词why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。8.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。七、状语从句1.时间状语从句：由when,while,as,before,after,until,since等引导。2.地点状语从句：由where,wherever等引导。3.原因状语从句：由because,since,as,for等引导。4.目的状语从句：由sothat,inorderthat等引导。5.结果状语从句：由so...that,such...that等引导。6.条件状语从句：由if,unless,aslongas等引导。7.让步状语从句：由though,although,evenif,nomatterwhat/how等引导。8.方式状语从句：由as,asif,asthough等引导。9.比较状语从句：由than,as...as,notso...as等引导。八、虚拟语气1.条件句中的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用过去式，主句用would/could/should/mightdo；与过去事实相反，从句用haddone，主句用would/could/should/mighthavedone；与将来事实相反，从句用shoulddo/weretodo，主句用would/could/should/mightdo。2.表示命令、建议、要求的动词、名词、形容词后的从句中，谓语动词用(should)do。3.wish后的宾语从句中，表示现在用过去式，表示过去用haddone，表示将来用would/coulddo。4.asif/though引导的从句中，根据实际情况使用虚拟语气。九、倒装句1.完全倒装：将整个谓语提到主语前面。常见于地点副词开头或表语前置的句子。2.部分倒装：只将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。3.否定词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。4.only修饰状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。5.so/such...that结构中，so/such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。十、强调句1.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分。2.判断方法：去掉Itis/was...that/who，句子结构仍然完整。十一、介词和介词短语1.常用介词的基本用法和区别。2.介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配。十二、连词1.并列连词：and,but,or,so,for,yet等。2.从属连词：引导状语从句和名词性从句的连词。易错题陷阱梳理1.时态混用：尤其在宾语从句和条件状语从句中，注意主从句时态呼应。2.非谓语动词逻辑主语：注意非谓语动词的动作发出者与句子主语是否一致。3.情态动词表推测：对现在/过去的推测，注意使用不同的结构。4.主谓一致被修饰语干扰：主语后有with,aswellas等短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。5.定语从句关系词选择：根据先行词和在从句中的成分选择正确的关系词。6.虚拟语气条件句的时态运用：准确判断与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。7.倒装句的触发条件：熟悉需要倒装的各种情况，避免遗漏。8.强调句与定语从句、主语从句的区别：通过结构分析和成分判断。9.介词搭配：积累常见动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。10.近义连词辨析：如because/since/as,if/whether等。一、根据所给词的适当形式填空1.Bythetimewearrived,themeeting________(start).2.Theproblem________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrow.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(leave)earlytoavoidthetraffic.4.Notuntilyesterday________herealizehismistake.5.Itwasinthispark________Ifirstmether.6.Shemadeapromise________shewouldneverbelateagain.7.Thebook________(write)byafamousauthorisverypopular.8.You________(notneed)tocomeifyouarebusy.9.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________(be)interestedintheactivity.10.Heisconsidering________(accept)thejobofferfromthatcompany.11.IfI________(be)you,Iwouldthinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.12.Sodifficult________theproblemthatnobodycouldsolveit.13.Thisisthevillage________hespenthischildhood.14.Thenumberofpeoplewho________(support)theplanisincreasing.15.Sheseems________(know)everythingabouttheincident.16.Itisimportantthateveryone________(attend)themeeting.17.Hardly________hefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencebegantoapplaud.18.Iwillneverforgetthedays________weworkedtogetherinLondon.19.Thecomputerneeds________(repair)immediately.20.Onlyinthisway________youmakeprogressinyourEnglishstudy.二、选择题1.Thenewpolicy________intoeffectnextmonth.A.willcomeB.comesC.cameD.hascome2.Itisrequiredthatallapplications________byFriday.A.aresubmittedB.besubmittedC.willbesubmittedD.submitted3.Bytheendoflastyear,they________morethantenprojects.A.completedB.hadcompletedC.havecompletedD.willcomplete4.Theprofessor,togetherwithhisassistants,________theexperiment.A.areconductingB.isconductingC.conductD.wereconducting5.Shedenied________anythingaboutthemissingdocuments.A.toknowB.knowingC.knowD.knew6.Ifhe________herenow,hewouldhelpussolvetheproblem.A.isB.wasC.wereD.willbe7.Itwasinthelibrary________shefoundthereferencebooksheneeded.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when8.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas________hemissedthebus.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.which9.Notonly________interestedinthesubject,butalsoalltheotherstudents.A.theteacherisB.istheteacherC.theteacherwasD.wastheteacher10.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat________publishedthisyear.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.were11.Hesuggested________themeetinguntilnextweek.A.topostponeB.postponingC.postponeD.postponed12.Bythetimeyouarrive,I________mywork.A.willfinishB.willhavefinishedC.havefinishedD.finished13.Thehouserequires________becauseitistooold.A.torepairB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.repaired14.Itishightimethatwe________measurestoprotecttheenvironment.A.takeB.tookC.willtakeD.havetaken15.Sofast________thatit'sdifficulttoimagineitsspeed.A.lighttravelB.travelslightC.doeslighttravelD.lighttravels16.Ihavenoidea________hewillagreetoourplanornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.which17.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were18.Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredagoodknowledgeofgrammar________writecorrectly.A.youwillB.youcanC.canyouD.can'tyou19.Itisnecessarythathe________thetaskbeforeFriday.A.finishesB.finishC.finishedD.willfinish20.Thisistheverybook________I'vebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as三、阅读理解A（2019年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷）Oncetherewasawomanwhowasgreatlydisturbedbyherhusband.Heseemedtocarelittleabouther.Sothewomantookhertroubletothelocalmagician.Shetoldhimherstory,fullofpityforherself."Canyougivemesomemagicpowerstomakehimlovemeagain?”sheaskedanxiously.Themagicianthoughtforamomentandreplied,“Iwillhelpyou,butfirstyoumustbringtomethreehairsfromalivinglion.These!MusthavebeforeIcangiveyoumymagicpowers.”Therewasindeedalionthatoftencameneartothevillage.Itwasfrightening.Thewomanthoughtagainandagainandatlastshehadanidea.Thenextmorningshetookayoungsheepandwaitedanxiously.Whenshesawthelionapproaching,sheleftthesheepinthepathofthelionquicklyandwentbackhome.Soithappenedthat,everydayearlyinthemorning,thewomanwouldriseandtakeayoungsheeptothelion.Graduallythelioncametoknowthewoman.Seeingthelion'strustinher,thewomancarefullypulledthreehairsfromitandsetoutforthemagicianshouse“Look,"shesaidhappilyassheentered,"heretheyare!"Andshegavehimthethreehairs.“Howdidyoumakeit?"askedthemagicianinsurprise.Thewomantoldhimthewholestory.Asmilespreadoverthemagiciansface."Youmaytreatyourhusbandthesamewayyou'vetreatedthelion,"hesaid1.Whatwasthewoman’sproblemaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Herhusbandtooknonoticeofher.B.Thewomanwasafraidofherhusband.C.Herhusbandalwaysgotherintotrouble.D.Thewomanandherhusbandhadahardlife.2.Whomdidthewomanaskforhelp?A.asheep.B.alion.C.AmagicianD.Herhusband.3.Beforeshegotthemagicpower,thewomanhadto.A.makemagicpowerswiththemagicianB.getthreehairsfromalivinglionC.rivethelionawayfromthevillageD.leaveasheepinthepathofthelion4.Whydidthewomantakeasheeptothelions?A.Toconfusethelion.B.Tocatchthelion.C.Togetthelionstrust.D.Toshowherpityforthelion5.Whatisthebesttitlefromthepassage?A.AnHonestMagicianB.HusbandandWifeC.AnangryLionD.GoodAdviceB（2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02）Thefieldofgeneeditinghaswitnessedremarkableprogressinrecentyears,withCRISPR-Cas9beingthemostprominenttechnique.CRISPR-Cas9isarevolutionarygene-editingtoolthatallowsscientiststomakeprecisechangestoanorganism'sDNA.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtotreatgeneticdiseasesbycorrectingfaultygenes.Forexample,itcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikesickle-cellanemiaandcysticfibrosis.Inadditiontomedicalapplications,CRISPR-Cas9hasimplicationsforagriculture.Scientistscanuseittodevelopcropsthataremoreresistanttopests,diseases,andenvironmentalstresses.However,theuseofCRISPR-Cas9alsoraisesseriousethicalconcerns.Oneofthemainissuesisthepossibilityofcreating"designerbabies."Ifgeneeditingisusedtoenhancecertaintraitssuchasintelligenceorphysicalappearance,itcouldleadtoanewformofeugenics.Therearealsoconcernsabouttheunintendedconsequencesofgeneediting,suchasoff-targeteffectsthatcouldcausenewhealthproblems.6.WhatisCRISPR-Cas9?A.Atraditionalmedicaltreatmentmethod.B.Agene-editingtoolthatcanmakeprecisechangestoDNA.C.Atypeofgeneticdisease.D.Anewagriculturalproduct.7.WhatarethepotentialapplicationsofCRISPR-Cas9?A.Treatinggeneticdiseasesandimprovingagriculture.B.Onlyforcreatingmorebeautifulpeople.C.Onlyformakingmoremoney.D.Onlyforcreatingnewdiseases.8.WhataretheethicalconcernsofusingCRISPR-Cas9?A.Creating"designerbabies"andunintendedconsequences.B.Itistooexpensive.C.Itistoodifficulttouse.D.Itisnotaccurateenough.9.Whatcouldoff-targeteffectsofgeneeditingcause?A.Morecrops.B.Morebeautifulpeople.C.Moreintelligentpeople.D.Newhealthproblems.C（2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷01）Howtoimproveyourmemory?It'saquestionmanypeopleareinterestedin,especiallyasweageorwhenwehavealottolearn.Herearesomestrategiesthatcanhelp.Oneimportantmethodistouseassociation.____10___Forexample,ifyou'retryingtorememberanewword,youcanassociateitwithasimilar-soundingwordyoualreadyknoworanimagethatrepresentsitsmeaning.Thiscreatesaconnectioninyourbrainthatmakesiteasiertorecalltheinformationlater.Anotherusefultechniqueisrepetition.____11____Repeatingsomethingoverandoveragainhelpstoreinforceitinyourmemory.Youcanrepeatnewinformationaloud,writeitdownmultipletimes,orreviewitatregularintervals.Organizationalsoplaysabigrole.___12___Grouprelatedinformationtogether.Forinstance,ifyou'restudyingforahistoryexam,youcanorganizeeventsbytimeperiodortheme.Thisway,yourbraincanprocessandstoretheinformationmoreefficiently.Mnemonicdevicescanbeextremelyhelpful.____13___Anexampleiscreatinganacronymfromthefirstletterofeachwordinaphraseyouwanttoremember.Oryoucanmakeuparhymingsentencethatincorporatestheinformation.Finally,gettingenoughsleepandmaintainingahealthylifestyleareessentialformemory.____14____Whenyousleep,yourbrainconsolidatesmemories,somakesureyougetagoodnight'srest.Eatingabalanceddiet,exercisingregularly,andreducingstressalsocontributetobettermemoryfunction.A.Ithelpstomaketheinformationmorememorable.B.Sleepisthetimewhenyourbrainworkshardest.C.Thismeanscreatingasystemfortheinformation.D.Youcanrepeatnewinformationindifferentways.E.Ourbrainhasanaturalabilitytorememberthings.F.Theyaretrickstohelpyourememberinformation.G.Youconnectnewinformationwithsomethingyoualreadyknow.D（2025年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真模拟试卷07）Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinsandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialdiversity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitan(见多识广的)outlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.15．Accordingtoparagraph1,itwasonceacommonbeliefthatpeopleinmodernsociety__________.A．tendedtoacquaintthemselveswithpeoplepassingbyB．usuallyhadmorefriendsthansmall-townresidentsC．boregreatresponsibilitiestoneighborsandrelativesD．couldnotdevelopverycloserelationshipswithothers16．Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanismisthatthecityresidents__________.A．lowerthequalityofrelationships B．showlittleconcernforstrangersC．sufferfromthelackoffriendship D．thebetteritsqualityoflifeis17．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis,__________.A．themorelikelyitistodisplaystress B．themoreopen-mindedpeopleareC．themoresimilaritsinterestsare D．thebetteritsqualityoflifeis18．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Minordifferencesintheinterpersonalrelationsbetweencitiesandtowns.B．Thepositiverolethaturbanismhasbeenplayinginourmodernsociety.C．Advantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginbigcitiesorsmalltowns.D．Thestrongfeelingofalienationthatcityinhabitantsaresuffering.E（2025年福建省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷03）MyelderbrotherSteve,intheabsenceofmyfatherwhodiedwhenIwassix,gavemeimportantlessonsinvaluesthathelpedmegrowintoanadult.Forinstance,Stevetaughtmetofacetheresultsofmybehavior.OncewhenIreturnedintearsfromaSaturdaybaseballgame,itwasStevewhotookthetimetoaskmewhathappened.WhenIexplainedthatmybaseballhadsoaredthroughMrs.Holt’sbasementwindow,breakingtheglasswithacrash,Steveencouragedmetoconfess(认罪)toher.Afterall,IshouldhavebeenplayingintheparkdownFifthStreetandnotinthepathbetweenbuildings.AlthoughmykneesknockedasIexplainedtoMrs.Holt,Iofferedtopayforthewindowfrommypocketmoneyifshewouldreturnmyball.IalsolearnedfromStevethatpersonalpropertyisasacred(神圣的)thing.AfterIfoundashinysilverpeninmyfifth-gradeclassroom,Iwantedtokeepit,butSteveexplainedthatitmightbeimportanttosomeoneelseinspiteofthefactthatithadlittlevalue.HeremindedmeofhowmuchI’dhatetolosetosomeoneelsethesmalldogmyfathercarvedfromapieceofcheapwood.Ireturnedthepentomyteacher,Mrs.Davids,andstillrememberedthesmellofherperfumeasshepattedmeonmyshoulder.YetofalltheinstructionsStevegaveme,hisrespectforlifeisthemostvividinmymind.WhenIwastwelveIkilledanoldbrownsparrowintheyardwithaBBgun.Excitedwithmyaccuracy,IscreamedtoStevetocomefromthehousetotakealook.Ishallneverforgetthewayhestoodforalongmomentandstaredatthebirdontheground.Theninadead,quietvoice,heasked,“Didithurtyoufirst,Mark?”Ididn’tknowwhattoanswer.Hecontinuedwithhiseyesfirm,“Theonlytimeyoushouldeventhinkofhurtingalivingthingisifithurtsyoufirst.Andthenyouthinkalong,longtime.”Ireallyfeltterriblethen,butthatmomentstandsoutasthemostimportantlessonmybrothertaughtme.19．Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?A．TherelationshipbetweenMarkandSteve.B．TheimportantlessonMarklearnedinschoolC．Steve’simportantroleinMark’sgrowingprocess.D．MarkandSteve’srespectforlivingthings.20．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhenMarkconfessedtoMrs.Holt,________.A．hefeltsurprised B．hewaslight-heartedC．hefeltfrightened D．hekneltbeforeher21．Inthestoryaboutthepen,whichofthefollowinglessonsdidSteveteachhisbrother?A．Respectforpersonalproperty.B．Respectforlife.C．Sympathyforpeoplewithproblems.D．Thevalueofhonesty.22．Accordingtothewriter,whichwasthemostimportantlessonStevetaughthisyoungbrother?A．Respectforlivingthings.B．Responsibilityforone’sactions.C．Thevalueofthehonesty.D．Careforthepropertyofothers.23．Whichofthefollowistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Markwasstillaboywhenhewrotethispassage.B．Marklostthesmalldoghisfathergavehim.C．Whenalivingthinghurtsyou,youshouldkillit.D．Evenifalivingthinghurtsyou,youshouldnotkillitwithouthesitation(犹豫).四、完形填空F（2022年1月浙江省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）Iwas15whenIwalkedintoMcCarley’sBookstoreinAshland.AsIwaslookingat1ontheshelves,themanbehindthecounter,2,askedifI’dlike3.Ineededtostart4forcollege,soIsaidyes.I5afterschoolandduringsummersforthelowestwagesandthejobhelpedpayformyfreshmanyearofcollege.Iwouldworkmanyotherjobs:ImadecoffeeintheStudents’Unionduringcollege;IwasahotelmaidandevenmademapsfortheUSForestService.Butsellingbookswasoneofthemost6.

Onedayawomanaskedmeforbooksoncancer.Sheseemedfearful.Ishowedheralmost7wehadatthattime8andfoundotherbookswecouldorder.Sheleftthestoreless9.I’vealwaysrememberedthe10Ifeltinhavinghelpedher.

Yearslater,asa11inLosAngeles,Iheardaboutanimmigrant(移民)childwhowasbornwithhisfingersconnected,weblike.Hisfamilycouldnot12acorrectiveoperation,andtheboylivedin13,hidinghishandinhispocket.

I14mybosstoletmedothestory.Aftermystorywasbroadcast,adoctorandanursecalled,offeringtoperformthe15forfree.

Ivisitedtheboyintherecoveryroomsoonaftertheoperation.Thefirstthinghedidwastoholduphis16handandsay,“Thankyou.”Ifeltasenseof17.

Inthepast,whileIwas18,IalwayssensedIwasworkingforthecustomers,notthestore.Todayit’sthesame.NBCNewspaysmysalary,19IfeelasifIworkforthe20,helpingthemmakesenseoftheworld.1.A.maps B.titles C.articles D.reports2.A.thereader B.thecollegestudent C.theshopowner D.thecustomer3.A.abook B.ajob C.sometea D.anyhelp4.A.planning B.saving C.preparing D.studying5.A.read B.studied C.cooked D.worked6.A.boring B.surprising C.satisfying D.disappointing7.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything8.A.inneed B.inall C.inorder D.instore9.A.worried B.satisfied C.excited D.puzzled10.A.pride B.failure C.regret D.surprise11.A.doctor B.storeowner C.bookseller D.TVreporter12.A.pay B.cost C.afford D.spend13.A.shame B.honour C.horror D.danger14.A.advised B.forced C.persuaded D.permitted15.A.action B.program C.treatment D.operation16.A.repaired B.connected C.injured D.improved17.A.pleasure B.sadness C.interest D.disappointment18.A.attheTVstation B.intheStudents’Union C.attheUSForestService D.atMcCarley’sBookstore19.A.so B.and C.but D.because20.A.readers B.viewers C.customers D.passengers五、语法填空G阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案转写到答题卡上。（2023年3月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷2）Videosof77-year-oldXuXiuzhen,whospeaksdifferentlanguageswithforeignerswhileworkingatascenicspotsellingwater,postcardsandheaddressflowers,havebroughtherinstantfame.Xu’svillageislocatedatthebaseofMoonHill,___1___populartouristdestinationfamousforamoon-shapedholeatthesummit.She___2___(work)asatourguideandvendor(小贩)inYangshuosince1998,___3___theareabecamepopularwithforeignbackpackersandorganizedtours.XusaidshewouldchangewordsinanylanguageintoChinesecharacters___4___(base)ontheirpronunciationsandthenmemorizethem.Sheaddedthatshewouldrepeatthewordsinherhead___5___goingtobedandafterwakingup,becauseithasgivenher___6___(fluent)inbasicconversationswithforeigners.Overthepasttwodecades,Xuhastaught___7___(she)11foreignlanguages,includingEnglish,Spanish,JapaneseandKorean.Inadditiontomakingher___8___(incredible)popular,hergreatlinguisticskillhasmadeiteasierforher___9___(communicate)withforeigntourists.XuhasalsobecomeoneofthebusiesttourguidesinYangshuo,____10____(attract)alargecrowdoftouristseveryday,especiallyforeignvisitors,whocometomeetthemultilingualguideoutofadmiration.

专题02语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱一、动词的时态和语态1.一般现在时：表示习惯、客观事实或真理。注意第三人称单数动词加-s/-es。2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。注意规则与不规则动词的过去式。3.一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作。常用will/shalldo或begoingtodo结构。4.现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构为am/is/aredoing。5.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构为was/weredoing。6.现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或持续到现在的动作。结构为have/hasdone。7.过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。结构为haddone。8.被动语态：强调动作的承受者。基本结构为be+过去分词，注意时态一致。二、非谓语动词1.动词不定式：todo形式。可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。2.动名词：v-ing形式。具有名词性质，可作主语、宾语、表语。3.现在分词：v-ing形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示主动或进行。4.过去分词：v-ed形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示被动或完成。三、情态动词1.can/could：表示能力、可能性、请求或许可。2.may/might：表示可能性、请求或许可，语气较委婉。3.must：表示必须、肯定推测。否定形式mustn't表示禁止，needn't表示不必。4.shall：用于第一人称，表示征求意见或将来。5.should：表示应该、建议或推测。6.will/would：表示意愿、请求或习惯性动作。7.need：表示需要。既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。8.情态动词+havedone：表示对过去情况的推测或判断。四、主谓一致1.语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数。2.意义一致原则：主语形式为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。3.就近原则：由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。4.集体名词作主语时，强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。五、名词性从句1.主语从句：在句中作主语的从句。注意谓语动词用单数。2.宾语从句：在句中作宾语的从句。注意时态一致和语序。3.表语从句：在系动词后作表语的从句。4.同位语从句：对抽象名词进行解释说明的从句。六、定语从句1.关系代词which：指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。2.关系代词that：指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语。3.关系代词who/whom：指人，who作主语，whom作宾语。4.关系代词whose：指人或物，在从句中作定语。5.关系副词when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。6.关系副词where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。7.关系副词why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。8.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。七、状语从句1.时间状语从句：由when,while,as,before,after,until,since等引导。2.地点状语从句：由where,wherever等引导。3.原因状语从句：由because,since,as,for等引导。4.目的状语从句：由sothat,inorderthat等引导。5.结果状语从句：由so...that,such...that等引导。6.条件状语从句：由if,unless,aslongas等引导。7.让步状语从句：由though,although,evenif,nomatterwhat/how等引导。8.方式状语从句：由as,asif,asthough等引导。9.比较状语从句：由than,as...as,notso...as等引导。八、虚拟语气1.条件句中的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用过去式，主句用would/could/should/mightdo；与过去事实相反，从句用haddone，主句用would/could/should/mighthavedone；与将来事实相反，从句用shoulddo/weretodo，主句用would/could/should/mightdo。2.表示命令、建议、要求的动词、名词、形容词后的从句中，谓语动词用(should)do。3.wish后的宾语从句中，表示现在用过去式，表示过去用haddone，表示将来用would/coulddo。4.asif/though引导的从句中，根据实际情况使用虚拟语气。九、倒装句1.完全倒装：将整个谓语提到主语前面。常见于地点副词开头或表语前置的句子。2.部分倒装：只将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。3.否定词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。4.only修饰状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。5.so/such...that结构中，so/such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。十、强调句1.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分。2.判断方法：去掉Itis/was...that/who，句子结构仍然完整。十一、介词和介词短语1.常用介词的基本用法和区别。2.介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配。十二、连词1.并列连词：and,but,or,so,for,yet等。2.从属连词：引导状语从句和名词性从句的连词。易错题陷阱梳理1.时态混用：尤其在宾语从句和条件状语从句中，注意主从句时态呼应。2.非谓语动词逻辑主语：注意非谓语动词的动作发出者与句子主语是否一致。3.情态动词表推测：对现在/过去的推测，注意使用不同的结构。4.主谓一致被修饰语干扰：主语后有with,aswellas等短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。5.定语从句关系词选择：根据先行词和在从句中的成分选择正确的关系词。6.虚拟语气条件句的时态运用：准确判断与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。7.倒装句的触发条件：熟悉需要倒装的各种情况，避免遗漏。8.强调句与定语从句、主语从句的区别：通过结构分析和成分判断。9.介词搭配：积累常见动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。10.近义连词辨析：如because/since/as,if/whether等。一、根据所给词的适当形式填空1.Bythetimewearrived,themeeting________(start).【答案】hadstarted【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们到达时，会议已经开始了。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。2.Theproblem________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrow.【答案】willbediscussed【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个问题将在明天的会议上被讨论。时间状语tomorrow表明用一般将来时，主语problem是动作discuss的承受者，应使用被动语态。3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(leave)earlytoavoidthetraffic.【答案】(should)leave【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们早点出发以避开交通拥堵。动词suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。4.Notuntilyesterday________herealizehismistake.【答案】did【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到昨天他才意识到自己的错误。否定词Notuntil位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装。根据yesterday判断用一般过去时，故助动词用did。5.Itwasinthispark________Ifirstmether.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句。句意：就是在这个公园里我第一次遇见了她。此句为Itis/was...that...结构的强调句，强调地点状语inthispark。6.Shemadeapromise________shewouldneverbelateagain.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：她许诺说她再也不会迟到了。名词promise后接同位语从句，解释promise的具体内容，且从句成分完整，故用that引导。7.Thebook________(write)byafamousauthorisverypopular.【答案】written【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位