专题06 非谓语动词（一）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题06非谓语动词(一)(主语、表语、宾语)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一非谓语动词的时态和语态类别时态形式语态形式主动被动动词不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动词-ing一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词一般式done—1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。※IgotalettersayingthatIwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.※Thebridgetobebuiltwillbethelongestoneonthisriver.2.时间先后关系根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。※Hearingtheinspiringnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.※IseemtohaveinvolvedmyselfinsomethingIdon’tunderstand.考点二非谓语动词作主语不定式一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.戒烟是正确的。动名词表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火会很危险。【温馨提示】1.在“Itis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsbtodosth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。2.常用动名词作主语的句型：Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsthItisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuchmoneytothepoor.他捐献了这么多钱给穷人真是太慷慨了。ItwasimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.把英语学好对我们来说很重要。Itisnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。考点三非谓语动词作表语不定式多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。现在/过去分词现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的梦想是考入北京大学。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。It’swellknownthatatigerlooksveryfrightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。Weweremovedatthenewsthathehaddiedforthemotherland.听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。【温馨提示】1.不定式和动名词作表语有时可通用，只不过不定式更侧重具体某一次，而动名词更侧重惯常性的动作状态。2.不定式作表语时，不定式符号to的省略情况：当be动词前的句子部分有do/does/did等(当“做”讲)时。3.作表语的现在分词和过去分词是形容词化了的分词；现在分词v-ing表示:令人/使人/让人…的，过去分词v-ed表示:感到…的excite---exciting---excited;surprise---surprising---surprisedinterest---interesting---interested;disappoint---disappointing---disappointed;delight---delighting---delighted;embarrass---embarrassing---embarrassed;考点四非谓语动词作宾语1.不定式作宾语①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help②动词tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。③在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/putoff，fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid，miss，goon/keepon，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid，imagine，risk，can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape②以介词to结尾后接动名词做宾语的常见短语：lookforwardto盼望;devote…to把…投入…中；payattentionto注意；beused/accustomedto习惯于；getdownto开始认真做某事；stickto坚持③以可以省略的in/from结尾、后面接动名词做宾语的常见短语：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有…困难haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很愉快/不愉快thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事没意义stop/preventsb(from)doingsth阻止/禁止宾语…3.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词(注意两者间意思的不同)，常见的有：下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth打算做某事,meandoingsth意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth忘记要去做某事(未做),forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth对要做的事感到遗憾(未做),regretdoingsth对做过的事后悔(已做)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth努力去做某事,trydoingsth尝试做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth继续做另一件事,goondoingsth继续做原来做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth记住去做某事(未做),rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(已做)))4.在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。Mybikeneedstoberepaired.＝Mybikeneedsrepairing.我的自行车需要修理。考点一：非谓语动词作主语例1.Itisourresponsibility________ourenvironmentandwearemakingprogress.A.protecting B.protect C.toprotect D.beingprotected例2.________goldinRiopaintsthemost________portraitoftheteam’scompetitivespirit.A.Winning,vivid B.Beingwon,amusingC.Won,intense D.Towin,complicated例3.________themeetinghimselfgavethepublicagreatdealofencouragement,instantlyboostingthestockmarket.A.Thepresidentattending B.ThepresidenthadattendC.Thepresidentattended D.Thepresident’sattending1.________makesmeexcited________hardandachieveateamgoaltogether.A.It;work B.It;towork C.That;work D.This;towork2.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.Thesubjectofthissentenceis________.A.TolearnEnglishwell B.isC.important D.English3.Eventhoughsheisanexperienceddriver,ittakesheratleast40minutes________throughthecrowdedcitystreets.A.driving B.drive C.todrive D.driven4.________withyourparentsisquitecommoninfactinyourteens,butyoushouldrespectandlovethem,justastheydo.A.Toargues B.Arguing C.Argue D.Argued5.________goldinRiopaintsthemost________portraitoftheteam’scompetitivespirit.A.Winning,vivid B.Beingwon,amusingC.Won,intense D.Towin,complicated考点二：非谓语动词作表语例1.Tommy’swishis________hisdebtinthenearestfutureandstartanewchapteroflife.A.payingoff B.givingway C.topayoff D.togiveway例2.Whatworriedthechildmostwas________tovisithisbrotherinhospital.A.hisnotbeingallowed B.hisnotallowingC.hisbeingnotallowed D.havingnotbeenallowed例3.Mydecisionis________myownwebsiteaftergraduationfromuniversity.A.toset B.set C.havingset D.tobeset1.Myplanis________ChinesekungfueverySaturday.A.topractice B.practice C.practiced D.topracticing2.Florathinksthatteachers’dutyis________studentsandhelpthemexploretheirinterests.A.educating B.educated C.toeducate D.educate3.Asacross-borderdoctor,myprimarymissionwas________allthoseAfricanpatients.A.tosave B.beingsaved C.save D.tobesaved4.Herhobbyis________stamps.Shehasalargecollection.A.collect B.collected C.tocollect D.collecting5.Hisfavoritething________onthebeach,listeningtothesoundofthewaves.A.islie B.istolie C.islying D.arelying考点三：非谓语动词作宾语例1.Ifyouhavetrouble________mathematics,youcanapply________theMathFoundationWorkshop.A.learning;tojoin B.tolearn;tojoin C.learning;joining D.tolearn;joining例2.Ididn’tmean________anythingbuticecreamlookedsogoodthatIcan’thelp________.A.toeat,totry B.eating,trying C.eating,totry D.toeat,trying例3.Eversinceshewasyoung,shehasbeenlookingforwardto________inthiscollege.A.beingeducated B.educating C.beingeducating D.educate1.Iregret________youthatthere’snothingwecandotohelpyou.A.telling B.beingtold C.totell D.tobetold2.Thosecandidatesprefer________theteachingpositionsintheremoteareas,becausetheyfinditmeaningful________contributionstosociety.A.toapplyto;tomake B.toapplyfor;tomakeC.toapplyto;making D.toapplyfor;making3.—WhydoesTomlooksodisappointed?—Heregretsnot________forhisinterview.Hewasn’tselected.A.preparing B.toprepare C.prepared D.haveprepared4.Thebookmainlydealswiththedifficultynewgraduateshave________toworkplaceculture.A.adapted B.adapting C.toadapt D.tobeadapted5.Shehaddifficulty________theexercise________wehadthoughtwaseasytodo.A.tofinish;but B.finishing;andC.finishing;which D.finished;that一、单项选择1.--________makesyoursonfeelbluetoday?--________towatchhisfavouritecartoonPawPatrol.A.Whatitisthat;Tobeforbidden B.Whatisthat;ForbiddenC.Whatisitthat;Beingforbidden D.Thatiswhat;Havingforbidden2.________lightmusicmayclearyourmindandreducepressure.A.Havinglistenedto B.ListenedtoC.Listeningto D.Listento3.Itis________thecustomers’needsthathasmadechainstoressopopularinbigcitiesinChina.A.meeting B.met C.tohavemet D.beingmet4.Itisimportantforhumans________theenvironment.A.protect B.protecting C.protected D.toprotect5.Tomthoughtitwasanhonor________tospeakintheceremony.A.toinvite B.tobeinvited C.inviting D.havinginvited6.It’simportantforthefigures________regularly.A.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdated C.toupdate D.tohaveupdated7.Theloudnoisefromtheconstructionsitemadeitimpossible________.A.concentrate B.concentrating C.toconcentrate D.concentrated8.Welookforward________theirwonderfulperformanceonthestagenextweek.A.see B.tosee C.toseeing D.seen9.Herjobis________patientsinthehospital;butthisweekendhertaskis

________hergranny.A.nursing;lookingafter B.nursing;tolookafterC.tonurse;lookingafter D.tonurse;tolookafter10.Intheantcity,thequeen’sjobis________eggs.A.lay B.laid C.laying D.lays二、单句语法填空1.ItisindeedanhonorforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicine________(spread)aroundtheworld.2.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherrequirements,pleasedon’thesitate________(contact)usatanytime.3.Theparentsaretryingtofigureoutwhichofthechildrenis________(blame)forthebrokenwindowinthelivingroom.4.________(wash)handsfrequentlyisagoodhabitforourhealth.5.Youcanpostpone________(hand)inyourpaperifnecessary.6.Complaintscan’thelpsolveanyproblems.Weshouldstop________(complain)andtakeactiontomakeourearthabetterplacetolivein.7.WhatIdislikeis________(get)uptooearly.8.Besides________(do)allmyschoolwork,Ichatwithmyfriends,watchfilmsandreadthedailynewsandotherinterestingarticles.9.ThereislittledoubtthatpeoplewithlowEQsoftenhaveproblems________(get)onwithotherpeople.10.WheneverIfeellike________(give)up,Ialwaysthinkofyourspeechatthemeeting.一、阅读理解A(2025届湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试模拟卷英语(五))ChengdongBaseballSportsCenterBaseballisverypopular.Welcometojoinus.Wehavethreegoodteacherstoteachyouhowtoplaybaseball.Openinghours:FromThursdaytoSunday(From9amto6pm)Price:¥30Mr.ChenLingshanGymTherearetwoverygoodfootballfieldsinit.ItisopentothepubliconSaturdaysandSundays.Itisfree.Areyouinterestedinplayingfootball?Ifso,pleasecome.Mrs.WanYuexiuMusicTrainingCenterZhaoMingisafamousmusician.Heplaysthepianoquitewell.HeworksatNo.32XingfuRoad.Heishappytoteachhisstudentshowtoplaythepiano.WantedWeneedamusicteacherwithateachercertificate(证书).YoucanfindMr.Wang.Hisphonenumberis9962-7766.Youcanalsosendane-mailtosmartmusicschool.combeforeOctober10.Workingdays:SaturdaysandSundaysWorkingtime:8hours1.WhencanyouplaybaseballinChengdongBaseballSportsCenter?A.OnMonday. B.OnTuesday. C.OnWednesday. D.OnThursday.2.Wherecanyougoifyouwanttoplayfootball?A.ChengdongBaseballSportsCenter. B.LingshanGym.C.YuexiuMusicTrainingCenter. D.No.32XingfuRoad.3.Whocanteachyouifyouwanttolearntoplaythepiano?A.ZhaoMing. B.Mr.Wang. C.Mrs.Wan. D.Mr.Chen.4.HowmanywayscanyoufindMr.Wang?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.B(2023-2024学年山东省高中12月学业水平合格性考试英语试题)Lastyear,IrealizedthatIhadn'tspokentoanyonebutmywifeandchildrenindays.WhenIleftmyjobinmylatetwentiestowriteabook,IthoughtIwasaluckydog.Nomoregettingupearlyinthemorning;nomoreworryingaboutwhattoweartowork.Icouldstayonmybeduntillateafternoon;IcouldwakeupwhenIfeltlikeitandenjoymycoffeeasIworkedonmybook.Atfirst,itwaslikebeinginheaven(天堂).But20bookslater,Ibegantofeellonely.Itwasjustme,mywork,andtheInternet.IspenthoursontheInternetinsteadofwriting.IthoughtIwasstillclosetoeveryonearoundme,but,infact,Iwasmorelonelythanever.Asaresult,Ibecamemoreafraidofbeingoutintheworld.ForthefirsttimeIfeltlikeIwantedtostepawayfromthelonelylifeandliveanormallifeagain.Iwasthinkingaboutrenting(租赁)anoffice,butIfoundthatIwouldstillbelonely.Icalledafewfriendswhoworkedathomeaswellandaskediftheywouldliketojoinme.TheywerefeelingjustaslonelyasIwas,sotheyallagreed.Eachofushasfoundthatwenowlovetheroutine(常规)of“goingtowork”again,andweareallhappierthanbefore.5.Howdidthewriterfeelwhenhelefthisjobatfirst?A.Tired. B.Bored. C.Free. D.Lonely.6.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theproblemthatworriedtheauthor. B.Thebookstheauthorwroteathome.C.Thepeopletheauthormetintheoffice. D.ThetimetheauthorspentontheInternet.7.Howdidtheauthormanagetoliveanormallifeagain?A.Byborrowingmoneyfromhisfriends. B.Bybuyingahouse.C.Byworkingoutsidethehome. D.Byreadingbooks.8.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Hestillfeelslonelynow. B.Helikeshislifestylenow.C.Hedoesn'tfeellikewriting. D.Heistoopoortobuyanoffice.C(2024-2025学年广东省肇庆市四会市华侨中学高三学业水平英语模拟试题)Parentshavetodomuchlessfortheirchildrentodaythantheyusedtodo,andhomehasbecomemuchlessofaworkshop.Clothescanbeboughtreadymade;washingcangotothelaundry;foodcanbebought;cooked,cannedorpreserved;breadisbakedanddeliveredbythebaker;milkarrivesonthedoorstep;meatscanbehadattherestaurant,thework’scanteen,andtheschooldining-room.Itisunusualnowforfathertopursuehistradeorotheremploymentathome,andhischildrenrarely,ifever,seehimathisplaceofwork.Boysarethereforeseldomtrainedtofollowtheirfather’soccupation,andinmanytownstheyhaveafairlywidechoiceofemploymentandsodogirls.Theyoungwage-earneroftenearnsgoodmoney,andsoonacquiresafeelingofeconomicindependence.Intextileareasithaslongbeencustomaryformotherstogoouttowork,butthispracticehasbecomesowidespreadthattheworkingmotherisnowanotunusualfactorinachild’shomelife,thenumberofmarriedwomeninemploymenthavingmorethandoubledinthelasttwenty-fiveyears.Withmotherearningandhisolderchildrendrawingsubstantialwagesfatherisseldomthedominant(占主导地位的)figurethathestillwasatthebeginningofthecentury.Whenmotherworks,economicadvantagesaccrue,butchildrenlosesomethingofgreatvalueifmother’semploymentpreventsherfrombeinghometogreetthemwhentheyreturnfromschool.9.Thewritermentionshomeasworkshopbecause________.A.fathersoftenpursueemploymentathomeB.parentshadtomakefoodandnecessitiesthemselvesfortheirdailylifeC.manyfamiliesproducegoodsathomeforsaleD.bothfathersandmothersinmostfamiliesareworkers10.Thewritersaysthathomehasbecomemuchlessofaworkshop.Hemeans________.A.inthepast,homewasmorelikeaworkshopB.homeismuchmoreofaworkshopnowC.home-workshopsarebecomingfewerandfewerD.homewaslesslikeaworkshopinthepast11.Thechiefreasonthatboysareseldomtrainedtofollowtheirfather’soccupationis________.A.thatchildrennowadaysrarelyseetheirfathersattheirplaceofworkB.thatfathersdonotliketopursueemploymentathomeanymoreC.thatthereisawidechoiceofemploymentforchildrenD.thatchildrenalsoliketohavejobsoutside12.Whatmakesfathernolongertheonlydominantpersoninafamily?________A.Withtheirearning,motherandchildrendonotneedtodependonfatherfortheirlife.B.Therearemanychoicesofemploymentformothersandchildren.C.Fatherdoesmuchlessforhischildrentodaythanheusedto.D.Thenumberofmarriedwomeninemploymenthasincreasedgreatlynow.D(2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)Partofgrowingupislearninghowtoworkthingsoutforyourself.However.whenyou’refeelingsadorlostyoudon’thavetostrugglealone.______Therearelotsofreasonswhyyoucouldneedhelp,forexample,withschoolwork;learningapewskill;orwhenyoufeelsad,anxiousorangry.Feelinganxiousbecauseyou’refindingsomethingdifficult,orbecauseit’stakingalongtimetomakeprogress,canaltomakeyoufeellikeyoucan’tdoit.Theseareallsignsthatyouneedhelp.Whenyou’restrugglingwithsomething.askingforhelpwillmoveyouforwardmorequicklythantryingonyourown.WhatstopsyouaskingforhelpAskingforhelpisn’talwayseasy.Itcanbedifficultifyou’renotsurewhotoask.Youmightthinkyourfriendswon’twanttobetroubledortheyhaven’tgotthetime.Ifyoufeelsorrythatyouneedhelp,orifyouthinkaskingforahelpinghandisasignofweakness,itmakesithardertoturntoanotherperson.AskingforsupportisbraveLettingsomeoneintrustingthemwithyourstoryandaskingthemtolistentoyouandhelpyoucomeupwithideasofhowtodealwithaproblemtakesgreatcourage.Whenyouaskforhelp,ittakesthepressureofftryingtoworkouteverythingbyyourself.Thereareotherbenefitstoo.Byaskingforhelp,youpractisesayingwhatyouneed.Italsoshowsyouhowsomeoneelsemightfeelwhenthey’restruggling,whichmeansyoucouldbemoreabletoofferahelpinghandwhensomeoneneedsit.13.WhichmaybestfillintheblankaboveParagraph2?A.Besureofyourability B.SeekinghelpisastruggleC.Whenyoumightneedhelp D.Howyoucanmakeprogress14.Whichmaystopyouaskingforhelp?A.Beingtoobusy. B.Havingnofriends.C.Beingtooconfidant. D.Feelingsorry.15.Howmanybenefitsofaskingforhelparementionedinthelastparagraph?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five16.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Trustyourbestfriends. B.Learntoreducepressure.C.Itisnecessarytobeindependent. D.Itisgoodtoaskforhelp.二、完形填空Oncetherewasapoorlittlegirllivingnearaforest.Shehadnofamilyandnoonetoloveher.Sosheoften1sadandlonely.Oneday,whenshewaswalkingintheforest,shefoundthatasmall2wastrappedunluckilyinabush.Thebutterflytriedtoflyaway3failed.Thekindlittlegirlsavedthebutterflywithgreatcare.Insteadofflyingaway,thebutterflyturned4abeautifulfairy(仙女).Thelittlegirlwasvery5.“Thankyoufor6me.Youaresokind.Iwillmakeanyofyourdreamscometrue.”saidthefairy.Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthensaid,“Iwanttobe7!”Thefairysaid,“Verywell.Iwillhelpyou.”Andshesaidsomethinginthelittlegirl’sear.Thenthefairydisappeared.Asthekindlittlegirlgrewup,shewas8readytohelppeopleinneedandwaspopularamongthevillagers.Nooneinthevillagewasashappyasshewas.Everyoneaskedherthe9ofherhappiness.Shealwayssmiledand10,“ThesecretofmyhappinessisthatIlistenedtoakind11whenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenthekindgirlbecameaveryoldwomanandwasdying,theneighboursinthe12allgathered(聚拢)aroundherbedbecausetheywere13thathersecretofhappinesswoulddiewithher.Theyasked,“Pleasetelluswhatthekindfairysaid.”Thelovelyoldwomanstill14andsaid,“Shetoldmethateveryoneneededme,nomatterhowsafetheyseemed,nomatterhowrichorpoor,nomatterhowoldor15.Shesaidthathelpingotherswouldmakemehappyallmylife.”1.A.thought B.found C.sounded D.felt2.A.butterfly B.bird C.snake D.squirrel3.A.so B.or C.but D.as4.A.on B.up C.into D.down5.A.surprised B.tired C.worried D.frightened6.A.catching B.beating C.killing D.saving7.A.clever B.happy C.rich D.beautiful8.A.always B.never C.seldom D.hardly9.A.success B.secret C.purpose D.lesson10.A.asked B.hoped C.answered D.refused11.A.witch B.fairy C.ghost D.princess12.A.village B.town C.city D.world13.A.excited B.pleased C.glad D.afraid14.A.shouted B.cried C.smiled D.jumped15.A.young B.great C.nice D.quiet三、语法填空YoumayrememberbackatthestartofDecember,1ChinacarriedouttheirunmannedChang’e-5missionandthespacecrafttoucheddownonthemoontocollectsamplesforresearch.Nowit2(success)returnedtotheEarth.ThisisthemostsignificanteventinChina’sspacefield,andalsooneofthemostnotablespace3(activity)globally.Chang’e-5,4(launch)byaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocketearlyonNov24,isthenation’s5(large)andmostcomplexlunarprobe.Itreturnedwith1,731gramsoflunarrockandsoiltotheEarth,6(mark)ahistoricaccomplishment44yearsafterthelastlunarsubstancesweretakenback.The23-daymissionwasChina’sfirstspacejourneytoclaimextraterrestrialsamples,making7thethirdcountrytoaccomplishthetask,thefirstbeingtheUSAinthe1960’sandthesecondSovietUnioninthe1970’s.Thespacecraft8(enter)theEarth’satmosphereatanaltitudeofaround120km.Assoonasitwas10kmaboveland,itreleaseditsparachuteandlandedsmoothlyinChina'sInnerMongolia.NowthespacecrafthasbeenairliftedtoBeijingwherethesamples9(examine)byscientistsverysoon.Themission’sresultswillcontribute10mankind’sdeeperunderstandingofthemoon’soriginsandtheevolutionofthesolarsystem.四、应用文写作假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim想了解你最钦佩的一位名人。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.该人物的介绍；2.你钦佩的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

专题06非谓语动词(一)(主语、表语、宾语)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一非谓语动词的时态和语态类别时态形式语态形式主动被动动词不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动词-ing一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词一般式done—1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。※IgotalettersayingthatIwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.※Thebridgetobebuiltwillbethelongestoneonthisriver.2.时间先后关系根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。※Hearingtheinspiringnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.※IseemtohaveinvolvedmyselfinsomethingIdon’tunderstand.考点二非谓语动词作主语不定式一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.戒烟是正确的。动名词表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火会很危险。【温馨提示】1.在“Itis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsbtodosth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。2.常用动名词作主语的句型：Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsthItisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuchmoneytothepoor.他捐献了这么多钱给穷人真是太慷慨了。ItwasimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.把英语学好对我们来说很重要。Itisnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。考点三非谓语动词作表语不定式多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。现在/过去分词现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的梦想是考入北京大学。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。It’swellknownthatatigerlooksveryfrightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。Weweremovedatthenewsthathehaddiedforthemotherland.听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。【温馨提示】1.不定式和动名词作表语有时可通用，只不过不定式更侧重具体某一次，而动名词更侧重惯常性的动作状态。2.不定式作表语时，不定式符号to的省略情况：当be动词前的句子部分有do/does/did等(当“做”讲)时。3.作表语的现在分词和过去分词是形容词化了的分词；现在分词v-ing表示:令人/使人/让人…的，过去分词v-ed表示:感到…的excite---exciting---excited;surprise---surprising---surprisedinterest---interesting---interested;disappoint---disappointing---disappointed;delight---delighting---delighted;embarrass---embarrassing---embarrassed;考点四非谓语动词作宾语1.不定式作宾语①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help②动词tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。③在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/putoff，fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid，miss，goon/keepon，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid，imagine，risk，can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape②以介词to结尾后接动名词做宾语的常见短语：lookforwardto盼望;devote…to把…投入…中；payattentionto注意；beused/accustomedto习惯于；getdownto开始认真做某事；stickto坚持③以可以省略的in/from结尾、后面接动名词做宾语的常见短语：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有…困难haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很愉快/不愉快thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事没意义stop/preventsb(from)doingsth阻止/禁止宾语…3.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词(注意两者间意思的不同)，常见的有：下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth打算做某事,meandoingsth意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth忘记要去做某事(未做),forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth对要做的事感到遗憾(未做),regretdoingsth对做过的事后悔(已做)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth努力去做某事,trydoingsth尝试做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth继续做另一件事,goondoingsth继续做原来做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth记住去做某事(未做),rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(已做)))4.在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。Mybikeneedstoberepaired.＝Mybikeneedsrepairing.我的自行车需要修理。考点一：非谓语动词作主语例1.Itisourresponsibility________ourenvironmentandwearemakingprogress.A.protecting B.protect C.toprotect D.beingprotected【答案】C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保护我们的环境是我们的责任，而且我们正在取得进步。句子核心结构为“Itis+名词+todosth.”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。此处“保护我们的环境”是真正主语，需用不定式toprotect表达。故选C。例2.________goldinRiopaintsthemost________portraitoftheteam’scompetitivespirit.A.Winning,vivid B.Beingwon,amusingC.Won,intense D.Towin,complicated【答案】A【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在里约热内卢赢得金牌为团队的竞争精神描绘了最生动的写照。A.Winning赢得(现在分词),vivid生动的；B.Beingwon被赢得(动名词的被动形式),amusing有趣的；C.Won赢得(过去分词),intense强烈的；D.Towin赢得(不定式),complicated复杂的。第一空作主语，且是主动含义，需用动名词Winning。第二空修饰portrait，用形容词vivid，作定语。故选A。例3.________themeetinghimselfgavethepublicagreatdealofencouragement,instantlyboostingthestockmarket.A.Thepres