专题02 考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练（知识清单江苏专用）（原卷版）

3/3专题02考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练知识点1社会热点类词汇1.acceleratev．(使)加速，加快2.allocatevt.分配3.assessv．评估；估算4.bankruptadj.破产的5.boostv．提高；推动；使增长6.caterfor适合，满足需要7.celebrityn．名人8.criticn．批评家，评论家9.criticallyadv.批判性地10.depressedadj.萧条的11.distinctionn．差别，区别12.distributev．分发；散布13.emergencen．兴起14.financialsqueeze财政困难15.flourishv．繁荣16.genuineadj.真的；真诚的17.imposev．把……强加于18.indicatev．指出；象征；显示19.initiativen．倡议，新方案20.restorev．恢复；归还21.settingn．环境，背景22.sponsorn．赞助者v．赞助23.squeezev．压榨24.tendv．倾向25.thrivev．旺盛，繁荣26.abandonedadj.废弃的27.alternativeenergy替代能源28.atmospheren．大气29.bepoisonousto对……有毒30.botanyn．植物学31.climatechange气候变化32.creaturen．生物，动物33.dieout灭绝34.ecologicaladj.生态(学)的35.endangeredspecies濒危物种36.environmentallyfriendly环保的37.extinctionn．灭绝，绝种38.organicadj.有机的39.preservev．保护40.sustainableadj.可持续的41.chemicaln．化学制品42.circumstancen．条件，环境43.disposeof丢弃44.garbagen．(生活)垃圾45.garbagesorting垃圾分类46.punishmentn．惩罚，处罚47.recyclev．再利用48.renewableadj.可再生的49.severeadj.十分严重的50.widespreadadj.分布广的51.catastrophen．灾难52.charityn．施舍；慈善机构53.crisisn．危机54.destructiveadj.毁灭性的55.droughtn．干旱，旱灾56.eruptionn．(火山)爆发57.miserableadj.痛苦的58.strickenadj.遭受……的；受……之困的59.victimn．受害者60.volcanicadj.火山的61.welfaren．福利知识点2文化艺术类词汇1.adaptv．改编；使适应2.bachelorn．学士3.biographyn．传记4.civilizev．使文明，开化5.comedyn．喜剧6.composev．创作，作曲7.comprehensionn．理解8.comprisev．由……组成9.compulsorycourses必修课10.concreteadj.具体的11.consciousnessn．意识；观念12.coordinationn．协调13.criterionn．标准14.disciplinen．纪律15.fictionaladj.虚构的16.heritagen．(文化)遗产17.illustratev．阐明18.literaturen．文学；文献，资料19.masterpiecen．杰作20.modifyv．调整；修饰21.optionalcourses选修课22.originaladj.首创的n．原作23.pursuitn．追求；消遣24.subscribev．订阅25.tragedyn．悲剧知识点3校园生活类词汇(一)与生活相关的词汇1.lifestylen.生活方式2.attituden.态度3.pressuren.心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促4.desiren.愿望，欲望5.adaptv.适应6.preparev.准备7.encouragev.鼓励8.handlev.处理9.developv.发展10.independentadj.自主的，有主见的，自立的11.balancedadj.平衡的12.relaxedadj.放松的(二)与学习相关的词汇1.achievementn.成就，成绩；达到，完成2.examinationn.考试3.progressn.进展，进步4.experiencen.[U]经验；[C]经历5.accomplishv.实现6.memorizev.记忆7.attendv.参加8.analyse/analyzev.分析9.absentadj.缺席的10.beneficialadj.有益的，有用的11.confidentadj.自信的12.stressfuladj.有压力的13.adaptoneselfto适应14.makeprogress取得进步15.beabsorbedindoing…全神贯注于，专心致志于16.getalongwellwit与……相处融洽17.havetrouble（in）doingsth.做某事有困难18.attendanassembly参加集会19.havegreatinterestin…对……很感兴趣20.sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事21.catchup赶上22.lookbackon回忆23.behardon对……严格24.inchargeof主管，掌管25.haveaffectionfor…喜欢/钟爱……26.askforleave请假27.behappywith…对……感到满意28.lookup向上看；改善；拜访（某人）；查阅29.havethecapacitytodosth.有能力做某事30.succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事知识点4性格/特点类词汇1.abnormaladj.不正常的2.accustomedadj.惯常的3.acuteadj.敏锐的4.admirableadj.可钦佩的5.advancedadj.先进的6.alikeadj.相像的，十分相似的7.antiqueadj.古老的8.apparentadj.显而易见的9.authenticadj.真实的10.automaticadj.无意识的；自动的11.bentadj.弯曲的；不正派的12.boredadj.烦闷的，无聊的13.briefadj.简短的；短暂的14.capableadj.有能力的；有才能的15.cautiousadj.谨慎的16.classicadj.经典的；一流的17.classicaladj.古典的18.clumsyadj.笨拙的19.competentadj.能胜任的20.complexadj.复杂的21..considerateadj.考虑周到的22.cooperativeadj.有合作精神的23.criticaladj.批判性的；挑剔的24.deadlyadj.致命的25.devotedadj.忠诚的26.dulladj.枯燥无味的27.efficientadj.有效率的28.elegantadj.优雅的；文雅的29.energeticadj.精力充沛的30.enthusiasticadj.热情的31.essentialadj.必要的32.faithfuladj.忠诚的33.fierceadj.凶猛的；猛烈的34.firmadj.强有力的；坚定的35.forgetfuladj.健忘的36.selflessadj.无私的37.fragileadj.易碎的；脆弱的38.frankadj.坦率的39.generousadj.慷慨的，大方的40.gentleadj.温和的41.grandadj.壮丽的；宏伟的42.handyadj.易使用的；便利的43.humorousadj.幽默的44.meanadj.吝啬的；刻薄的45.mildadj.轻微的；温和的46.modestadj.谦虚的，谦逊的47.narrowadj.狭隘的；勉强的48.nobleadj.崇高的49.noveladj.新颖的50.objectiveadj.客观的51.optimisticadj.乐观的52.outstandingadj.杰出的53.passionateadj.充满热情的54.passiveadj.被动的；消极的55.pessimisticadj.悲观的56.realisticadj.现实的57.reliableadj.可信赖的58.responsibleadj.负责的59.roughadj.粗野的；粗糙的60.selfishadj.自私的61.sincereadj.真诚的62.stableadj.稳固的，稳定的63.stilladj.静止的；寂静的64.stubbornadj.顽固的65.stupidadj.糊涂的；笨的66.thoughtfuladj.深思的67.toughadj.严厉的；坚强的68.vainadj.徒劳的；自负的69.vividadj.生动的；鲜明的70.voluntaryadj.无偿的；自愿的知识点5身心健康类词汇1.adolescencen．青春期2.beaccustomedto习惯于3.beaddictedto对……上瘾4.breakdown(健康状况)垮掉5.depressionn．抑郁6.diseasen．疾病7.headachen．头疼8.infectv．感染9.nutritionn．营养10.obesityn．肥胖11.operationn．手术12.organn．器官13.potentialn．潜质；潜力adj.潜在的14.proteinn．蛋白质15.psychologicallyadv.心理上16.recoveryn．康复17.refreshv．使恢复精力18.surgeonn．外科医生19.symptomn．症状20.physicalandmentalhealth身心健康一、根据语境写出单词的的汉语意思（一）写出下列句子中brilliant的含义。1．Hehasgotbrilliantachievementsinthefieldofphysics.2．Thebrilliantsunlituptheirrooms.3．Memoryislikealivingbookwhosebrilliantcontentsareworthreadingahundredtimesinmylife.4．Thenovelisconsideredabrilliantperformance.5．Hewasabrilliantyoungscientist.6．Thepureradiamond,thegreateritsclarity(透明度)andthemorebrilliantitis.（二）写出下列句子中blank的含义。7．Jimwaswatchingalate-nightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrilling(惊险的)scene,thetelevisionwentblank.8．TheprofessorcouldtellbytheblanklookonMaria’sfacethatshedidn’tunderstandasinglewordofhislecture.9．Putawordineachblanktocompletethesentence.10．MymindwasablankandIcouldn’trememberhername.二、单句语法填空1．Thereasonwhyheislostinisthatheon/upontheproblem,whichinthelist.(reflect)2．Hedidn’tunderstandthe(puzzle)question,sotherewasa(puzzle)expressiononhisface.3．InthefictionalworldsoffilmandTV,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbeendescribedassoadvancedthatitis(distinguish)fromhumans.4．Webegintoseethe(connect)ofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.5．Ifyouhavebeenworkinghard,don’tbeafraidtotakeabreakandgiveyourselfawell-(deserve)patonthebackortoreflectonyourgoals.6．I’msorryforthecausedbymistakes.IsitforyoutocomeonThursday?Ifnot,youcancomeatyour.(convenient)7．Ishallneverforgetwatchingthesunriseoverthesea-itwas(forget)!8．Hehasonlybeenplayingfootballasa(profession)fortwoyears.9．IhavealotofworktodoeverydayandIneedan(assistance).10．Lastly,itpromotesahealthyandactivelifestyle,whichis(essence)foroverallwell-being.三、选词填空anxious

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fitness1．Thecoachtoldtheplayerstotheirdefensivestrategies.2．Thejobapplicantwastohearbackfromtheemployeraftertheinterview.3．WhenIwasa,Iusedtoridemybikeeverywhere.4．Themagicianperformedantrickthatlefttheaudienceinawe.5．Theuniversityprovidedforinternationalstudents.6．Thestudentsareforcompletingtheirhomeworkontime.7．Hedreamsofbecomingaprofessionalandrepresentinghiscountry.8．Hejoinedaclasstostayactiveandmeetnewpeople.9．Themartialartsinstructortaughtthestudentshowtotheirtechniques.10．Thecouplecouldn’taffordtoacaratthemoment.四、阅读理解ADearDaisy,Phew!I’msogladthedayisover.I’mreallytired,butmyfirstdayatschoolwentwell.Firstofall,wemetoutsidetheschoolbuilding.Iwasveryworriedbecausemyprimaryschoolonlyhad300studentsbutinthemiddleschoolthereareabout1300.Whatadifference!Theolderstudentsarereallybig.Ifeltsosmallwaitingthereinfrontoftheschool.Theheadteachercameoutandtoldustogointotheschoolhall.Thenhecalledournamesouttotelluswhichclasswewerein.MyclassteacheriscalledMrs.Black.Shetookustoourclassroom.It’sonthe5thfloor.Wearen’tallowedtousethelift.Icouldn’tbelieveit.WespentallmorningwithMrs.Blacklookingatourtimetables.Everyoneintheschoolhadadifferenttimetable.I’mworriedthatI’llforgetmytimetableandgotothewrongroom.LunchtimewasOK.Ihadsalad,fishandfruit,whichwerequitedeliciousandhealthy,andthenIwenttoplayfootballwithsomeoftheotherboys.TheywereallfriendlyandIdon’tthinkitwilltakemelongtomakefriends.Afterlunchwestartedlessons.Ihadmathsandthenhistory,wherewestartedtolearnaboutancientGreece(希腊).Thatlookedinteresting.IhavetodosomehomeworktonighttofindouthowtheancientGreekpeoplelived,soI’mgoingtodoanInternetsearchandlookitupinthelibrary.Sofarsogood.Iamquitelookingforwardtotomorrow,eventhoughI’vegotscience.Ihatescience.Yours,Jason1．Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthesizeofthenewschool?A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Awful. D．Curious.2．Whatmadetheauthorfeeldifficult?A．Findingtheclassroom. B．Makingnewfriends.C．Rememberingthetimetable. D．Havingnosnacks.3．Whydidtheauthorconsiderthelunchinschoolgood?A．Itwascheap. B．Itprovidedhealthyfoodchoices.C．Itwastotallysafe. D．Ittastedlikehomemadefood.4．Whattopicdidtheauthorexpressinterestinresearchingafterschool?A．Theapplicationofmaths. B．Thenationalhistory.C．Theimportanceoffirstimpression. D．DailylifeinancientGreece.B“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”5．WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A．He’sodd. B．He’sstrict. C．He’sbrave. D．He’srude.6．WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A．Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B．Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C．Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D．Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.7．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment. B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases. D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.8．WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A．ToproveFarber’spoint. B．Toemphasizeitsimportance.C．Topraiseveterinarians. D．Toadvocateanimalprotection.CPlasticandcheapclothesarenotvaluablepropertyforgenerationstocome.Butascientistexploringwhichitemsfromourtechnologicalcivilisationaremostlikelytosurviveformanymillionsofyearsasfossilshasreachedadisturbingconclusion:Plasticandfastfashionwillbeourlastinggeologicalsignature.“Plasticwilldefinitelybeasignature‘technofossil’,becauseitisincrediblydifficulttobreakdown.Wearemakingmassiveamountsofit,anditgetsaroundtheentireglobe,”saysSarahGabbott,aUniversityofLeicesterexpertonfossils.“Sowhereverthosefuturegenerationsdig,theyaregoingtofindplastic.”Clotheswillalsomakeanabruptentryintohumanity’sfossilrecord.Today,theworld’sgrowingpopulationoftenwearsmass-producedsynthetic(合成的)clothingthatisrapidlythrownawayanditisnotsodegradableascottonandsilk.“Wearemakingitinridiculousamounts,”saysGabbott.“Wesimplystickitintolandfillswithoutconsideringanyconsequences.Itisalreadyclearthatmuchofmodernfashionwillendupbeingtrulytimeless.”Fossilsarenotjustobjectsleftbehind,butalsothetracksoflife’sactivitywrittenintotherocks.Humanactivities,suchasoildrillingandnucleartests,willleavelastingscars.Humankindhasalsocreatedmanynear-indestructiblechemicals,suchasdioxinsandDDT,whichappeartobeheretostay.“Andsuchisalsothecaseforgraphite(石墨)usedinpencils,”saysGabbott.“Itislovableandheartwarmingtothinkthatitmaybethedrawingsofchildrenthatmaysurvivebestofall:apencilportrait,perhaps,ofafamilyoutsideahouse,withthesunshiningandarainbowarchingacrossthesky,”Gabbottsaysjokingly.“Thebigmessagehereisthattheamountofstuffwearenowmakingiseye-watering—it’stotallybeyondmeasure,”saysGabbott.Allofthestuffmadebyhumansby1950wasasmallpartofallthematteronEarth.Buttodayitoutweighsallplantsandanimals.“Thisraisesseriousquestionsforusall,”shesays.“Doyouneedthat?Doyoureallyneedtobuymore?”9．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepropertymentionedinparagraph1?A．Short-lived. B．Technologicallyweak.C．Troubling. D．Environmentallyharmless.10．Whatcanbecategorizedastechnofossils?A．Nuclearwaste. B．Dinosaurbones. C．Cottonclothing. D．Solidlandfills.11．Whyis“thedrawingsofchildren”mentionedinparagraph5?A．Tohighlighthumancreativity. B．Tocelebratemoderntechnology.C．Tostressthatwarmthoflifeisheretostay. D．Toindicatethatchemicalscouldbefossilized.12．WhatisGabbott’sprimaryconcern?A．Biodiversityloss. B．Geologicalrecordaccuracy.C．Technologicalprogress. D．Overproductionofmaterialgoods.DHaveyoubeendreamingoftakingavacation,butwonderwhetherit’sbettertotakeasolojourney,orhaveanadventurewithfriends?Inmyopinion,thereareadvantagesinbothtravellingaloneandinagroup.Grouptravelisgenerallymuchcheaper.Youcangetgroupratesonaccommodations,certainmodesoftransportation,orticketstotouristattractions.Ifyou’reabletoreducecosts,you’llhaveextramoneytoseeanddomorethings.Itisalsosafertotravelinagroup.Doyourememberwhenyouwerelittleyourparentsorteachersusedthe“buddysystem”?Itdoesn’tonlyapplytochildren.It’sespeciallytruewhentravelling,particularlyinunknownplaces.Nobodycanforecastproblemsordangersontheway,suchastrafficaccidentsandconflictswithstrangers.Whenyoutravelwithafriendorwithinagroup,youhavesomeonetowatchyourback.Travellingwithotherpeoplecanalsocreatesharedexperiences.Formanypeoplethisisthebestpartoftravelling-there’salwayssomeonetodothingswith,laughwith,sharestorieswith,andmakememorieswith.Thesearejustsomeofthereasonswhytravellingwithfriendscanbemorefun.However,ifyoutravelalone,youaretheboss.There’snoonetotellyouwheretogoorwhattodo,andyoudon’thavetomakecompromises(妥协).Youcandothingsatyourownpace,onyourowntimetable.Forsomepeople,meetingothertravellersispartofthefunoftravellingalone.Alotofsolotravellersseemtoendupinthesamespots,soyouhaveachancetomeetotherpeoplewiththesameinterests.Youcanjointhemandspendsometimetogether,thengoyourseparateways.Somepeopletaketripsalonebecausetheywanttimetoreflect.Ifyousimplyenjoybeingonyourown,orwanttobewithyourownthoughts,withoutanyoneelsebotheringyou,thensolotravelmightbethewaytogo.Ingeneral,whetheryouchoosetotravelsoloorinagroupmainlydependsonyourpersonality.Thinkofhowyouareinyoureverydaylife-doyouvalueyourtimealone,ordoyouprefertobeinthecompanyofothers?Itmightnotseemlikeabigdeal,butifyou’retravellingforanylengthoftime,itcouldmeanthedifferencebetweenanenjoyable,memorablevacation,andanunhappytrip.13．Whatistheadvantageofgrouptravel,accordingtoParagraph2?A．Youcansavemoneybysharingahotelroomwithfriends.B．Youcanchoosewhatkindoftransportationyouwanttotake.C．Youcandomanyfunactivitiesandlaughhappilywithfriends.D．Youcanvisitalotmoreplaceswithfriendsforlessmoney.14．Whatdoes“buddysystem”meaninParagraph3?A．Aruleyoushouldfollowatschool. B．Yourparents’suggestionformakingfriends.C．Awaytoensureyoursafetywhengoingout. D．Aruleofnottravellingtounknownplaces.15．Whatadvantageofsolotravelisnotmentioned?A．Youcandecidewheretogo,whentogo,andwhattoeat.B．Youcanjoinothertravellersbasedonyourinterests.C．Youcanhavetimetoreflectandthinkalone.D．Youcansharememorieswithyourfriendsafterthejourney.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitude?A．Grouptravelisbetterthansolotravel.B．Travellingalonehasmorepositivefactors.C．Thewayyouliketotraveldependsonyourpersonality.D．Itisnotabigdealtochoosetotravelaloneorinagroup.五、完形填空RogerBannister,borninHarrow,England,earlyrevealedaremarkabletalentforrunning.Universityeducationwasbeyondthe1ofhisworking-classparents,buthewas2tosecureaplaceatoneofEngland’sprestigiousuniversitiesandembarkonacareerin3.Luckily,owingtohisacademic4,BannisterwasawardedascholarshipbyOxfordUniversity,wherehisexceptionalspeedonthetracksoonearnedhimtheattentionand5fromthesportsmedia.Surprisingly,he6tocompeteinthe1948OlympicsinLondon,preferringtofocusonhis7andhismedicalstudies.By1951,BannisterhadclaimedtheBritishchampionshipinthemileandfelt8topursueOlympicsuccess.Unfortunately,alast-minutechangeintheschedule9himtocompetewithoutadequaterecoverybetweenevents,leavinghimtofinishfourthinthe1500-meterraceatthe1952Olympics.Tobreakthefour-minutemilebarrier,Bannister,whileundertakingfull-timemedicalstudies,dedicated45minuteseachday10totraining.OnMay6,1954,atOxford,hissheerperseveranceultimately11.Attheageof25,Bannistermadehistory,crossingthefinishlinein3:59:4.Whentheannouncerreadoutthetime:“3…”,therestwas12bythedeafeningroarofthecrowd.Inthefollowingfamous“MileoftheCentury”race,Bannister13AustralianrunnerJohnLandywithatimeof3:58.8toLandy’s3:59.6,bothunderfourminutes.In1955,Bannister’sautobiography,TheFirstFourMinutes,cameout.Bannister’s14toacademicmedicineprovedequallydistinguished,yetthespiritandleg