专题05 考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练（知识清单江苏专用）（全解全析）

3/3专题05考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练知识点1旅游交通类词汇1.tourismn.旅游业2.touristn.游客3.tourn.&v.旅行4.book/reservev.预定5.hoteln.酒店6.museumn.博物馆7.galleryn.美术馆8.scenen.风景9.luggagen.行李10.suitcasen.手提箱11.cameran.相机12.packv.打包13.attractv.吸引14.attractiveadj.有吸引力的15.accidentn.事故16.fantasticadj.极好的17.splendidadj.壮丽的18.impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的19.transportn.交通20.airportn.机场21.flightn.航班22.airplanen.飞机23.delayv.&n.延期24.underground/subwayn.地铁25.taxin.的士26.truckn.卡车27.boardv.登上（船、飞机等）28.crossv.穿过29.crossroadsn.十字路口30.comfortableadj.舒适的31.breakdown（机器或车辆）出故障32.abookingoffice售票处33.payavisitto参观，拜访34.trafficjam交通堵塞35.makeareservation预定36.appealto…对……有吸引力37.checkin（在旅馆、机场等）登记38.checkout结账离开（旅馆等）39.putup投宿40.takeoff起飞41.placesofinterest名胜古迹42.single/doubleroom单人/双人间43.atrainschedule列车时刻表44.touristattractions旅游景点45.asharedbike共享单车46.book/reservearoom/ticket订房间/票47.break/observethetrafficrules/regulations违反/遵守交通规则48.aspringouting/anautumnouting春游/秋游知识点2生态旅游与发展类词汇1.ecotourismn.生态旅游2.balancen.&v.平衡3.absorbv.吸收4.atmospheren.大气5.environmentaladj.环境的6.chemicaladj.化学的n.化学制品7.destinationn.目的地8.protectv.保护9.renewableadj.可再生的10.caven.山洞11.coastn.海岸12.purifyv.（使）净化13.recyclev.使再循环14.restorev.恢复15.reusev.重复使用16.pollutionn.污染17.trashn.垃圾18.countrysiden.乡下19.waterfalln.瀑布20.grasslandn.草原21.peakn.山峰；顶峰22.raiseawarenessof提高……意识23.lowcarbon低碳24.putupatent搭帐篷25.keepecologicalbalance保持生态平衡26.windpower风能27.travelbrochure旅行指南28.environmentallyfriendly环保的29.environmentalprotection环保30.naturalscenery自然景观31.liveinharmonywithnature与自然和谐共处32.bekindtonature善待大自然33.solarenergy太阳能34.wildanimalsandplants野生动植物35.protecttrees保护树木36.water-savinghabit节约用水的习惯37.therulesandlawsofnature自然规律38.nationalpark国家公园39.checkin（在旅馆、机场等）登记40.checkout结账离开（旅馆等）41.packup收拾行装42.asummerresort避暑胜地43.be/getstuckin被困在……44.economyclass经济舱45.naturalresource自然资源知识点3自然灾害与防范类词汇与自然灾害相关的词汇1.floodn.洪水2.occurv.发生3.missingadj.失踪的4.earthquaken.地震5.collapsev.倒塌6.strickenadj.受灾的7.droughtn.旱灾8.burstv.爆裂，爆炸9.disastern.灾难10.typhoonn.台风11.destroyv.毁坏12.injuredadj.受伤的13.cutoff中断；切掉；阻挡14.inruins严重受损，破败不堪15.disaster-hitareas受灾地区16.washaway冲走，洗掉，冲掉17.digout挖掘18.dueto由于，因为19.rescuework救灾工作20.takeshelterfrom躲避21.beshockedat对……感到震惊与灾害防范相关的词汇1.trappedadj.被困住2.rescuev.营救，救助3.awareadj.意识到4.preventionn.预防5.predictv.预测6.urgentadj.紧急的7.strategyn.策略8.warnv.提醒，警告9.frightenedadj.害怕的10.measuren.措施11.preventv.阻止11.rightaway立刻，马上12.preparefor为……作准备13.raceagainsttheclock争分夺秒14.trappedpeople被困人员15.endangerthelivesof危及……的生命16.callonpeopletomakedonations呼吁人们进行捐款17.offerone'shelpinghands伸出救援之手18.causegreatdamage造成重大损害19.makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事知识点4主要国家地理概况类词汇1．foundationn．创建；基础；地基2．trunkn．树干3．equatorn．赤道4．fencen．篱笆，栅栏5．barbecuen．户外烧烤；烤架6．sceneryn．风景；景色7．freedomn．自由；不受……影响的状态8．peakn．顶峰；山峰；尖形9．getawayn．适合度假的地方10．urbanadj.城市的；都市的11．sessionn．一场；一段时间；会议12．nestn．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点13．jointn．关节adj.联合的；共同的14．antiquen．古物；古董adj.古老的；古董的15．desertn．沙漠；荒原vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃16．alongsideprep.在……旁边；与……一起adv.在旁边17．highlightn．最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出；强调；使醒目18．uniqueadj.独特的，稀罕的；[数]唯一的，独一无二的19．mistn．薄雾；水汽mistyadj.多雾的；模糊的20．bordern．国界；边界(地区)21．harbourn．(海)港；港口22．shoren．岸；滨23．premieradj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n．总理；首相24．ministern．部长；大臣；外交使节25．arrown．箭；箭头26．monumentn．纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹27．contraryto相反的；相对立的28．dryup枯竭29．benativeto原产于30．aflockof一群(羊或鸟)31．geysern．间歇泉32．prisonn．监狱；监禁33．slogann．标语；口号34．domainn．领域；领土；范围35．entitlevt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利36．grandadj.大；宏大的37．grizzlybearn．灰熊38．prairien．北美草原39．peakseason高峰季节40．owesthtosb欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人41．geothermalpark地热公园42．takesb’sbreathaway令人惊叹43．historiclandmark历史地标，历史遗迹44．historicalinsights历史见解，历史洞察力45．playapart/rolein在……中起作用；扮演一个角色46．approximatelyadv.大约；大概47．herbn．药草；香草；草本48．literallyadv.字面上；真正地49．coherentadj.有条理的；连贯的50．eventfuladj.充满大事的，多变故的；重大的，重要的51．reportagen．报告文学，报道文体；报道，新闻报道52．spectacularadj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的53．continentaladj.大陆的；大洲的54．extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的55．license(＝licence)vt.批准；许可n．许可证；执照56．districtn．地区；区域57．channeln．水渠；海峡58．frontiern．前沿；边界；前线59．geologicaladj.地质学的知识点5地球宇宙探索类词汇1．mankindn．人类2．absencen．缺乏，不存在；缺席3．facilityn．设施；设备4．rocketn．火箭；火箭弹5．telescopen．望远镜6．satelliten．人造卫星；卫星7．vehiclen．交通工具；车辆8．astronautn．宇航员，航天员9．launchvt.&n．发射；发起；上市10．spacecraftn．航天器；宇宙飞船11．spacewalkn．太空行走；太空行走的时间12．gravityn．重力，地球引力13．solarsystem太阳系；类太阳系14．InternationalSpaceStation国际空间站15．onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上16．floatvi.飘动；漂流；浮vt.使浮动；使漂流17．orbitn．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行18．analysisn．(对事物的)分析；分析结果analyz(s)evt.分析19．botherv．使烦恼；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰n．麻烦，困难20．universen．宇宙；天地万物21．drillingn．钻探；勘探22．downfalln．衰败23．fataladj.致命的；灾难性的24．giantadj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人25．incrediblyadv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信26．globen．地球；世界；地球仪27．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论28．astronomyn．天文学29．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员30．checkout调查，检查31．high-endadj.高端的32．Marsn．火星33．Jupitern．木星34．shuttlen．航天飞机35．simulatorn．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器36．lifelikeadj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的37．galaxyn．星系38．cosmicadj.宇宙的39．subatomicadj.亚原子的；原子内的40．particlen．粒子41．missionn．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务42．disciplinevt.训练n．训练，纪律43．hydrogenn．氢，氢气44．nuclearadj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的45．throwoneselfinto积极投入到……中去46．investigationn．调查47．substancen．物质48．microwaven．微波炉；微波49．invisibleadj.看不见的50．unexceptionaladj.平常的51．instantaneouslyadv.瞬间地52．administrationn．行政部门；管理，行政53．uncontrollablyadv.控制不住地54．polestarn．北极星55．cometn．彗星56．hazardousadj.有危险的，不安全的57．intriguev．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心58．spheren．天体59．planetn．行星60．constellationn．星座一、根据语境写出单词的汉语意思（一）写出下列句子中board的含义1．Ipostedaquestiononthemessageboard.______________2．Shehasaseatontheboardofdirectors.______________3．Freeroomandboardareprovidedforallhotelstaff.______________4．Havethepassengersgoneonboardyet?______________5．Theshipwasboardedbycustomsofficials.______________【答案】1．木板2．董事会;理事会3．膳食，伙食4．在火车（或轮船、飞机）上5．登上火车（或轮船、飞机）【详解】1．考查名词。句意：我在留言板上贴了一个问题。所以这里board表示“木板”，为名词。故填“木板”。2．考查名词。句意：她在董事会中有一个席位。所以这里board表示“董事会;理事会”，为名词。故填“董事会;理事会”。3．考查名词。句意酒店为所有员工提供免费食宿。所以这里board表示“膳食，伙食”，为名词。故填“膳食，伙食”。4．考查介词短语。句意：乘客们上船了吗？所以这里onboard表示“在火车（或轮船、飞机）上”，为介词短语。故填“在火车（或轮船、飞机）上”。5．考查动词。句意：海关官员登上了这艘船。所以这里board表示“登上火车（或轮船、飞机）”，为动词。故填“登上火车（或轮船、飞机）”。（二）判断下列句子中breakdown的含义6．IfGeorgekeepsonworkingsohard,he’llbreakdownsoonerorlater.7．Whatisknowntousallisthatthebacteriathatliveinthesoilhelptobreakdownourwastes.8．Onenightinthepouringrain,TawnyNelson’scarbrokedownontheroad.9．Attemptsmustbemadetobreakdownthebarrierbetweenthetwocommunities.【答案】6．（健康或精神方面）垮掉7．使分解8．出故障9．消除【详解】6．考查动词短语。句意：如果George继续这样卖力工作，他迟早会垮掉。根据上文“IfGeorgekeepsonworkingsohard”可知，持续卖力工作会导致健康/精神垮掉，因此本句中breakdown意为“（健康或精神方面）垮掉”。故填：（健康或精神方面）垮掉。7．考查动词短语。句意：我们都知道生活在土壤里的细菌帮助分解我们制造的垃圾。根据“ourwastes”可知，此处是指土壤中的细菌使垃圾分解，因此本句中breakdown意为“使分解”。故填：使分解。8．考查动词短语。句意：一个大雨倾盆的晚上，TawnyNelson的车在路上出故障了。根据“car”和“ontheroad”可知，此处是指车在路上出故障，因此本句中breakdown意为“出故障”。故填：出故障。9．考查动词短语。句意：必须努力打破两族之间的障碍。根据“barrier”可知，此处是指消除障碍，因此本句中breakdown意为“消除”。故填：消除。（三）写出句中observe的含义10．Althoughthethiefwascareful,hewasstillobservedtostealintotheshoplastnightandcaught.11．Itiseveryone’sdutytoobservethetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.12．Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.13．MassesofpeopleobservetheChineseFarmers’HarvestFestivalwhichfallsontheAutumnalEquinox(秋分)ofthelunarcalendareachyear.【答案】10．注意到11．遵守12.观察13．庆祝（节日等）【详解】10．考查动词。句意：虽然小偷很小心，但昨晚他偷进商店被当场抓住。根据“tostealintotheshoplastnightandcaught”可知，句中“observe”表示小偷被“看到”或“注意到”偷窃行为，强调通过视觉发现并报告，最终导致被抓。故填“注意到”。11．考查动词。句意：遵守交通规则是每个人的责任，以保持我们的社会秩序和正确的轨道。结合“thetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack”可知，句中“observe”指“遵守”交通规则，以维护社会秩序，强调对规章制度的服从和履行。故填“遵守”。12．考查动词。句意：我们大多数人在童年时观察到的比成年后观察到的多得多。结合“aschildren”可知，句中“observed”表示儿童时期更“注意”或“留意”周围细节，与成人期对比。故填“观察”。13．考查动词。句意：每年农历秋分，广大人民群众庆祝中国农民丰收节。结合“theChineseFarmers’HarvestFestival”可知，句中“observe”指“庆祝”或“纪念”丰收节。故填“庆祝（节日等）”。二、单句语法填空1．Theystudiedwhetherorhowair(pollute)mightaffectthebody’sresponsetostress.【答案】pollution【详解】考查名词。句意：他们研究了空气污染是否会以及如何影响身体对压力的反应。此处为名词作从句主语，应用pollute的名词形式是pollution，airpollution为固定搭配，意为“空气污染”，符合语境。故填pollution。2．Someofthegreatestproblemswefacetodayarethe(destroy)ofourenvironment.【答案】destruction【详解】考查名词。句意：我们今天面临的一些最大的问题是我们环境的破坏。根据空前的“the”及空后的介词“of”可知，空处需用名词形式作表语，destroy的名词为destruction，意为“破坏”，是不可数名词，符合语境。故填destruction。3．Lastnight,theysucceededinpreventingthefirefrom(break)out.【答案】breaking【详解】考查固定短语。句意：昨晚，他们成功地阻止了火灾的爆发。结合句意表示“爆发”可知短语为breakout，此处为短语preventsth.fromdoingsth.。故填breaking。4．Ifyouaregoingabroadforan(extend)periodoftime,youcouldprobablyconsiderrentingyourhouseout.【答案】extended【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你要在国外呆很长一段时间，你可以考虑把房子租出去。空格处位于名词之前，因此需要填入形容词作定语；extend的形容词为extended，意为“延长了的”。故填extended。5．Firstly,Ihavean(extend)knowledgeofourschool’shistoryandculture.【答案】extensive【详解】考查形容词。句意：首先，我对我们学校的历史和文化有广泛的了解。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词knowledge，所给词extend为动词，其形容词形式拼写为extensive(广泛的)。故填extensive。6．Airpollutionisbecomingincreasinglyserious,sowemusttake(measure)tocontrolit.【答案】measures【详解】考查名词复数。句意：空气污染越来越严重，所以我们必须采取措施控制它。measure“措施”是可数名词，其前无限定词，应用名词复数形式表示泛指，故填measures。7．Thesun-driedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe(absent)ofsmogandplentyofblueskyafternoonswithlotsoffreshair.【答案】absence【详解】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的“thanksto(to为介词)”和定冠词“the”可知，此处应用absent的名词形式absence，为不可数名词，意为“缺乏，没有”，且theabsenceof...为固定搭配，意为“……的缺乏/不存在”，符合语境。故填absence。8．Thefrighteningscenenearlyfrightenedmetodeath.So(frighten)wasIthatIwasonthevergeoftears.【答案】frightened【详解】考查形容词。句意：那可怕的场景几乎把我吓死。我是如此害怕以至于我几乎要哭出来了。这是一个so…that…句型的倒装句，提示词作表语，表明主语“I”的心理状态，应用-ed形容词frightened，意为“感到害怕的”，用来描述“我”的感受。故填frightened。9．Icanget(injure)whiletrainingorplayingandthat’stheworst!【答案】injured【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我可能会在训练或比赛时受伤，那是最糟糕的情况！“get+过去分词”是常用结构，过去分词作表语。injure的过去分词为injured。故填injured。10．Thequestioniswhyhebothered(make)thespeechatall.【答案】tomake【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：问题是他究竟为什么费心做这个演讲。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语bothertodo“花费时间精力做某事，费心做某事”，满足句意要求，所以此处为动词不定式形式作宾语。故填tomake。三、选词填空available,secure,analyze,persuade,gentle,conclusion,absence,career,accompany,combined,defeated,ban1．Theyhavesuccessfullytheoldwiththenewinthisroom.2．Aftermuchdiscussion,wefinallyreacheda.3．Thebabysitterwasvery,withthechildren,tellingthemasoftbedtimestory.4．Couldyoumetothedoctor’soffice?Idon’twanttogoalone.5．It’sdifficulttohimtochangehismindonceit’smadeup.6．Thecitycouncildecidedtosingle-useplasticstoreducepollution.7．Areyouforameetingtomorrowmorning?8．Beforewemakeadecision,weneedtothedatathoroughly.9．Theofanyclearevidencemadethecaseverydifficulttosolve.10．Hedecidedtochangehispathfromfinancetoteaching,seekingamorefulfillinglife.【答案】1．combined2．conclusion3．gentle4．accompany5．persuade6．ban7．available8．analyze9．absence10．Career【解析】1．考查动词。句意：他们成功地将新旧融合在这个房间里。根据“theoldwiththenew”可知，此处表示将新旧事物结合起来，combined“结合”符合语境，与have构成现在完成时，故填combined。2．考查名词。句意：经过多次讨论，我们终于得出了一个结论。根据“Aftermuchdiscussion”可知，经过讨论后得出了结论，conclusion“结论”符合语境，reachaconclusion“得出结论”，故填conclusion。3．考查形容词。句意：保姆对孩子们很温柔，给他们讲了一个轻柔的睡前故事。根据“tellingthemasoftbedtimestory”可知，保姆很温柔，gentle“温柔的”符合语境，作表语，故填gentle。4．考查动词。句意：你能陪我去医生办公室吗？我不想一个人去。根据“Idon’twanttogoalone.”可知，此处表示希望对方陪同，accompany“陪同”符合语境，could后接动词原形，故填accompany。5．考查动词。句意：一旦他下定决心，就很难说服他改变主意。根据“tochangehismindonceit’smadeup”可知，此处表示说服他改变主意，persuade“说服”符合语境，It’sdifficulttodosth.“做某事很难”，to后接动词原形，故填persuade。6．考查动词。句意：市议会决定禁止一次性塑料制品以减少污染。根据“toreducepollution”可知，此处表示禁止一次性塑料制品，ban“禁止”符合语境，decidetodosth.“决定做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填ban。7．考查形容词。句意：你明天上午有空参加会议吗？根据“forameetingtomorrowmorning”可知，此处表示询问对方是否有空，available“有空的”符合语境，作表语，故填available。8．考查动词。句意：在我们做出决定之前，我们需要彻底分析数据。根据“thedatathoroughly”可知，此处表示分析数据，analyze“分析”符合语境，needtodosth.“需要做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填analyze。9．考查名词。句意：缺乏任何明确的证据使得这个案件很难解决。根据“madethecaseverydifficulttosolve”可知，此处表示缺乏明确的证据，absence“缺乏”符合语境，作主语，故填absence。10．考查名词。句意：他决定改变自己的职业道路，从金融转向教学，寻求更充实的生活。根据“fromfinancetoteaching”可知，此处表示改变职业道路，career“职业”符合语境，作change的宾语，故填career。四、阅读理解AThereisthisgirlatschool,andwedon’treallygetalong.Shekeepsspreadingrumors(谣言)aboutmeandmyclassmatesstayawayfromme.WhatshouldIdo?——SamSomepeoplespreadrumorsasawaytoscareothersandgetpopularity.Butspreadingrumorsusuallymakespeoplefeels…Sowhatcanyoudoifyoufindyourselfthetarget(对象)ofrumorsandsocialbullying(欺凌)?Turntoatrustedadultforsupport.Talktosomeoneyoucantrust,likeaparent,teacher,orcoach.Letthatpersonknowwhatyou’regoingthrough.Keephimorherknowingwhat’sgoingon,evenasthingsstarttogetbetter.Atrustedadultisagoodlistenerwhocanhelpyoufeelmoresupportedandlessalone.Findyourfriends.Findafriendortwowhoarewillingtohelpyouandwhowon’tlistentorumors.Ifyouwant,sharehowyoufeelwiththosefriends.Don’tthinktoomuchaboutthesituation.Ifyoualwaysputitinyourmind,youmayhaveahardertime.Dosomethingtospareyourattentionandevenforgetit.Spendtimeandenergyhavingfunwithyourfriendsanddoingactivitiesyouenjoy.Speakup.Trytospeaktothegirlwho’sspreadingrumors.Don’tbeangryormean.Noshouting.Justsaywhatyouwantcalmlyandclearly.Afteryou’vesaidwhatyouwant,youcansimplywalkaway.Goingthroughasituationlikethiscanbedifficultandpainful.Bepositive,getsupportfrompeopleandtrytosaynotorumormakers.Thesethingscanhelpyougothroughadifficultsituationandcomeoutstronger.1．WhydidSamwritetheletter?A．Toaskforsomeadvice. B．Tosharehisschoollife.C．Totellpeoplenottospreadrumors. D．Toexplainwhypeoplespreadrumors.2．Whatistheproperwordinthesentence“Butspreadingrumorsusuallymakespeoplefeels...”?A．sorry B．smart C．sweet D．sad3．HowmanysuggestionsdoesthewritergiveSam?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.4．WhatshouldSamsaywhentalkingtothegirlwhospreadrumors?A．Iamsoangrywithyou!B．Stoptalkingbehindmyback!C．Stopspreadingtherumors,orIwillshoutatyou!D．Youdon’thavetolikemebutpleasestoptherumors.【答案】1．A2．D3．B4．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了山姆因学校女生传谣、同学疏远而求助，文章先提传谣动机，后给出向信任成年人求助、找朋友支持、平静沟通传谣者的建议，鼓励其积极面对。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Shekeepsspreadingrumors(谣言)aboutmeandmyclassmatesstayawayfromme.WhatshouldIdo?(她一直在散播关于我的谣言，我的同学都离我远点。我该怎么办？)”可推知，山姆写信目的是寻求建议。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Somepeoplespreadrumorsasawaytoscareothersandgetpopularity.(有些人散布谣言是为了吓唬别人，获得人气。)”以及“Sowhatcanyoudoifyoufindyourselfthetarget(对象)ofrumorsandsocialbullying(欺凌)?(那么，如果你发现自己成为谣言和社会欺凌的目标，你该怎么办呢？)”可推知，传谣言属于负面行为，会对他人造成伤害，结合语境可知，这种行为通常会让人感到“难过”。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据文章结构以及三、四、五段内容可知，作者明确给出3条具体建议：①向信任的成年人求助（Turntoatrustedadultforsupport）；②找到支持自己的朋友（Findyourfriends）；③主动与传谣者沟通（Speakup）。最后一段为鼓励性内容，非具体建议，故共3条。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Goingthroughasituationlikethiscanbedifficultandpainful.Bepositive,getsupportfrompeopleandtrytosaynotorumormakers.Thesethingscanhelpyougothroughadifficultsituationandcomeoutstronger.(经历这样的情况可能是困难和痛苦的。要积极，从别人那里得到支持，试着对造谣者说不。这些事情可以帮助你度过难关，变得更坚强。)”可推知，当山姆和散播谣言的女孩谈话时，他应该说“你不必喜欢我，但请停止谣言。”。故选D项。BDavidTyney,awinemakerfromMarlborough,NewZealand,firstvisitedNingxiain2012totakepartinawinemakingcompetition.Atthetime,heknewlittleaboutthisremoteregion(遥远的区域)innorthwestChina,andheneverthoughtthistripwouldstartastrongfriendshipbetweentwofarawaywineregions.Thecompetitionaimedtohelplocalprofessionals(专业人士)inNingxiaimprovetheirskillsandintroduceinternationalgrapevarieties(品种).SincehisparentslivedinBeijing,TyneyhadlongbeendrawntoChineseculture.ThecompetitiongavehimachancetoexploreNingxia’syoungbutpromisingwineindustry.Overthenexttwoyears,hereturnedseveraltimestoguidekeystepsinwinemaking—fermentation(发酵),oakaging(橡木桶陈酿),andbottling.Hisskillsanddevotionsoonmadehiswinesbecomepopular.Duringthistime,TyneymetKikiChen,auniversitystudentstudyingregional(地区的)development.Hehiredherasanassistant.HerstrongcommandofEnglishenabledTyneytocommunicateeffectivelywiththelocalfarmers.Butaproblemsoonappeared:Tyneywantedtowaitlongerbeforepickingthegrapessotheycouldbecomesweeterandtastier,butfarmerswantedtopickearlytosellheaviergrapesandearnmoremoney.ThedisagreementendedonlywhenTyney’swinewonaninternationalaward,provingthathismethodworkedeffectively.In2013,TyneyinvitedKikiChentovisitMarlborough.Whilethere,shesawthatbothareasweregoodforgrowinggrapes—dryweather,lotsofsun,andgoodsoil.Shealsolearnedthattheirwineindustriesbeganataboutthesametimeandweregrowinginasimilarway.Theycontactedlocalofficials(官员)andmetNeilHenry,whopointedoutakeyadvantage:thegrowingseasonswereopposite.WhileMarlboroughharvestsinMarchandApril,NingxiaharvestsinSeptemberandOctober—makingitpossibleforwinemakerstoworkallyearround.Whatbeganasasimplewinemakingexchangehasgrownintosomethingmuchbigger.Asthewineindustriesinbothregionsdevelopedsidebyside,cooperationslowlyspreadtoeducation,tourism,andculturalexchange.Thisgrowingfriendshipshowsthatstronginternationaltiesoftenbeginwiththeactionsofjustonepassionateindividual.5．Whatcanweinferaboutthe2012winemakingcompetition?A．ItwasNingxia’sfirstwinemakingcompetition.B．ItonlyintroducedforeigngrapestoNingxia.C．IthelpedTyneyknowmoreaboutNingxia’swineindustry.D．ItaimedtoattractforeignwinemakerstosettleinNingxia.6．WhydidTyneyandlocalfarmershaveaproblem?A．Tyney’swinewasnotpopularlocallyfirst.B．FarmersrefusedTyney’sharvesttimesuggestion.C．Tyneyrefusedtohirelocalfarmersforwinemaking.D．FarmersthoughtTyney’smethodsraisedcosts.7．WhatadvantageoftheoppositegrowingseasonsdidNeilHenrypointout?A．Theyallowedfarmerstogrowdifferentgrapes.B．Theyenabledwinemakerstoworkthroughouttheyear.C．Theyreducedgrapetransportationcosts.D．Theygavegrapesmoretimetogrow.8．Whatisthepassage’sprimarypurpose?A．Toshowone’seffortscanhelpinternationalcooperation.B．Toexplainhigh-qualitywine’stechnicalprocess.C．Tocomparetwowineregions’climateandsoil.D．ToencouragewinemakerstoworkinNingxia.【答案】5．C6．B7．B8．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了新西兰酿酒师DavidTyney与中国宁夏的葡萄酒产业结缘的故事，以及两地因葡萄酒产业合作而发展出的教育、旅游和文化交流。5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThecompetitiongavehimachancetoexploreNingxia’syoungbutpromisingwineindustry.(比赛让他有机会探索宁夏年轻但充满希望的葡萄酒产业。)”可知，比赛帮助Tyney了解宁夏的葡萄酒产业。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Butaproblemsoonappeared:Tyneywantedtowaitlongerbeforepickingthegrapessotheycouldbecomesweeterandtastier,butfarmerswantedtopickearlytosellheaviergrapesandearnmoremoney.(但很快出现了一个问题：Tyney希望推迟采摘葡萄的时间，以便让葡萄变得更甜、更美味，但农民们则希望早点采摘，以便能收获更多重量的葡萄并赚取更多钱。)”可知，Tyney希望晚些采摘葡萄以增加甜度，但农民想早点采摘增加重量和收入，因此可知，双方因采摘时间产生分歧。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Theycontactedlocalofficials(官员)andmetNeilHenry,whopointedoutakeyadvantage:thegrowingseasonswereopposite.WhileMarlboroughharvestsinMarchandApril,NingxiaharvestsinSeptemberandOctober—makingitpossibleforwinemakerstoworkallyearround.(他们与当地官员取得了联系，并见到了NeilHenry。他指出了一个关键优势：两地的种植季节正好相反。马尔堡在3月和4月进行采摘，而宁夏则在9月和10月进行采摘——这使得酿酒商全年都有工作可做。)”可知，NeilHenry指出两地的葡萄生长季节相反，使酿酒师可以全年工作，这是一个优势。故选B。8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thisgrowingfriendshipshowsthatstronginternationaltiesoftenbeginwiththeactionsofjustonepassionateindividual.(这种日益深厚的友谊表明，强大的国际关系往往是由一位充满激情的个人的行动所开启的。)”可知，这段友谊表明国际关系往往始于一个热情个体的行动。因此推断文章的写作目的是为了说明个人努力能促进国际合作。故选A。CSkateboardingismorethanjustasport;it’samixofsoundsandsilence.Anewstudyshowsthatsoundisanimportant,yetoftenundervaluedpartofhowskateboardersconnectwiththeactivity.Skateboardersnotonlyseetheirenvironmentbutalsofeelandhearit.Photosandvideosmayshowtheamazingmoves,buttheydon’texpressthewholeexperience.Thesoundsfromthecitysurfaces—the“skatesound”—areakeypartoftheskateboardingexperience.

Thesesoundsenableskateboarderstocheckthesuccessoftheirmoves,testifsurfacesaresuitableforskating,andsendmessagestoothersaroundthem.However,thestudyintroducesaninterestingidea—the“skatesoundparadox(悖论)”.Skateboardersareawareofthetroublingnatureofthenoisetheyproduceandchangetheirbehavioraccordinglyincertainsituationstomakelessnoise.Skateboardersdescribethesoundofthesportasbothunpleasantandpleasant.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofExetercarriedoutinterviewswith18adultskateboardersagedbetween19and51fromdifferentplacesandexperiencelevels.Theyfoundthattheskatesoundmadepeoplefeelincluded,especiallythosewhomightfeelleftoutofmoretraditionalandregularsports.Interestingly,mostskateboarderswereagainsttheideaoflisteningtomusicthroughheadphones(耳机)whileskateboarding,viewingitasunfriendly.Thesportisconsideredasocialactivity,andwearingheadphonesbreakstheconnectionwiththegroupandtheoverallexperience.However,thosewhochosetolistentomusicthroughheadphoneswhileskateboardinghadtheirreasons.Musichelpedwithfocusforsomeskateboarders,whileheadphonesservedasasocialbarrier(障碍)forothers,offeringthemmoreconfidence.Thestudyshowsthattheskateboardisnotjustatoyorsportsobjectbutan“earunderthefeet”.Nexttimeyouhearthesoundsofwheelsandtheboardhittingtheground,thinkaboutwhatskateboardersarelisteningto.They’renotsimplymakingnoise.Skateboardersarelearningthroughtheirsenses,connectingwiththeirfriends,andperhaps,findingunusualpeaceinanoisyworld.9．Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?A．Thehealthbenefitsofskateboardingpractice.B．Thesocialconnectionsbetweenskateboarders.C．Theinfluenceofskateboardingoncityculture.D．Theroleofsoundinskateboardingexperiences.10．Howdoskateboardersbehavegiventhe“skatesoundparadox”?A．Stayingawayfromnoisyskatingareas.B．Payingattentiontosomesimplemoves.C．Valuingyettryingtocontrolthesound.D．Loweringthenoisethroughagroupeffort.11．Whatdidthefindingsfromtheinterviewsshowabouttheskatesound?A．Itdoesharmtohearingability. B．Itcreatesasenseofbelonging.C．Itraisesskateboarders’confidence. D．Itfitswellwithbackgroundmusic.12．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A．Findpeaceinfreestyleskateboarding.B．Respectskateboarders’traininghabits.C．Recognizethedangerofskateboarding.D．Considertheskatesound’sdeepermeaning.【答案】9．D10．C11．B12．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了声音在滑板运动体验中的重要作用及相关现象。9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anewstudyshowsthatsoundisanimportant,yetoftenundervaluedpartofhowskateboardersconnectwiththeactivity.(一项新的研究表明，声音是滑板运动员与这项活动联系的一个重要但常常被低估的部分。)”可知，这项新研究关注的是声音在滑板体验中的作用。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,thestudyintroducesaninterestingidea—the‘skatesoundparadox(悖论)’.Skateboardersareawareofthetroublingnatureofthenoisetheyproduceandchangetheirbehavioraccordinglyincertainsituationstomakelessnoise.(然而，这项研究引入了一个有趣的概念——“滑板声悖论”。滑板运动员意识到他们产生的噪音的麻烦性质，并在某些情况下相应地改变他们的行为以减少噪音)”可知，滑板运动员意识到滑板声的问题，并在特定情况下改变行为以减少噪音，这表明他们重视但试图控制声音。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theyfoundthattheskatesoundmadepeoplefeelincluded,especiallythosewhomightfeelleftoutofmoretraditionalandregularsports.(他们发现，滑板声让人们感到被接纳，尤其是那些可能觉得自己被更传统和常规的运动排除在外的人。)”可知，访谈结果表明滑板声创造了一种归属感。故选B。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nexttimeyouhearthesoundsofwheelsandtheboardhittingtheground,thinkaboutwhatskateboardersarelisteningto.They’renotsimplymakingnoise.Skateboardersarelearningthroughtheirsenses,connectingwiththeirfriends,andperhaps,findingunusualpeaceinanoisyworld.(下次当你听到轮子和滑板撞击地面的声音时，想想滑板运动员在听什么。他们不仅仅是在制造噪音。滑板运动员通过他们的感官学习，与他们的朋友联系，也许，在这个嘈杂的世界中找到不同寻常的平静。)”可知，作者建议人们考虑滑板声的更深层含义。故选D。DAIkitchens,onceaconceptofsciencefiction,arenowarealityacrosstheglobe.Theseadvancedkitchensuserobotstoperformavarietyoftaskssuchasflippinghamburgers,fryingchicken,creatingpizzas,preparingsalads,andbakingbread.Themixtureofartificialintelligenceinthesekitchensallowsfortheinventionofrecipesbasedonthemolecularcompatibility(分子兼容性)ofingredients.ThebenefitsofAI-drivenkitchensextendbeyondmereconvenience.AIkitchensenablechefstobemorecreative,aswellasremovingrepetitive,boringtaskssuchaswashingthedishesorstandingforhours.Nothavingtocookmeansbeingabletospendmoretimewithfamilyorfocusonmoreurgenttasks.Forpersonalizedeating,AIcanprovidecountlessspecialdietsondemand.However,therearealsoriskstohumanwell-being.Cookingcanberelaxingandprovidesopportunitiesformanythings:gratitude,communication,adventure,independence,confidenceandmore,allofwhichmaybelostifnooneneedstocook.Familyrelationshipscouldbeaffectedifparentsandchildrenarenolongerworkingtogetherinthekitchen—asuitablespacetochat,incontrasttowhatcanfeellikeaninterrogation(盘问)atthediningtable.Moreover,thefoodserviceindustryfaceschallengesasmanyworkersmaystruggletoacquirenewskillsfordifferentjobs,despitethehopethattechnologywillcreatemorejobsthaniteliminates(消除).Inconclusion,theriseofAIkitchensshowsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Whiletheyincreasetheefficiencyandcreativityintheculinaryworld(烹饪界),theyalsoraisequestionsaboutsocietyandfamily.Thebalancebetweendevelopingtechnologicaladvancementsandpreservingthehumanelementsofcookingcan’tbeignored.13．HowdoAIkitchensenhancethecreativityofchefs?A．Byprovidingmoreingredients. B．Byinventingspecialrecipes.C．Byreducingcookingtime. D．Byofferingcookingclasses.14．WhatisanegativeimpactofAIkitchensonfamilyrelationships?A．Increasedcookingtime. B．Moretimespenttogether.C．Lossofcookingas