专题12 阅读理解（一）(题型突破)（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（解析版）

专题12阅读理解(一)(题型突破)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一细节理解题文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节理解对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节题在高考阅读理解中出现频率很高。高考英语阅读理解题的细节题考点可能源自于段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内或段落间综合信息理解。考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式等，议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。关于综合细节判断(需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合)：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点(近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等)，确定答案。考点二词义猜测题正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。考点三推理判断题推理判断属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层含义及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断的考查要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等。解答该类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。1.推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。2.推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。3.推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。4.推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。考点四主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。段落大意题标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。主旨大意题要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。考点一：细节理解题例1Geology,thestudyofthestructureandformationoftheEarth,isthebabyofalltheothersciences.Untilcomparativelyrecently,scholarspaidlittleattentiontorocksandrockformations.Indeed,thewordgeologyonlyappearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtookanotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneralusage.GeologymadeitsfirstappearanceintheEncyclopaediaBritannica(大英百科全书)inthe1810edition.Despitethisinclusion,thescienceofgeologyremainedlargelyignoreduntilmuchlaterinthecentury.Whendidtheword“geology”starttobecommonlyusedintheEnglishlanguage?A.In1735. B.In1810. C.Around1805. D.Around1895.【答案】C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地质学作为一门年轻科学，早期在英语世界出现较晚且长期未受广泛关注的情况。例2Thenewtoy,thesizeofasmallsuitcase,dominatedtherestoftheChristmasholidays.Oncewehadmasteredthecontrols,werecordedanythingandeverything:eachother,ourparents,themilkman,thedog...andweveryquicklylearnedhowmuchfunwecouldhavewithit.Forthefirsttime,inthesamewaythatasightedchildmightreacttoseeingthemselvesinamirrororaphotograph,Igotthesenseofmyselfasaseparatepersonwhoexistedoutsidemyheadandwasexperiencedbyotherpeople.Itwasbothexcitingandembarrassing.Whatdidtherecorderenabletheboystodowhentheystartedtouseit?A.Maketheirownradioprogrammes.B.Discovermoreaboutthemselves.C.Pursueacareerinbroadcasting.D.Heareachothermoreclearly.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一款行李箱大小的新玩具主导了作者的圣诞假期，让作者首次感受到自身作为独立个体的存在，既兴奋又尴尬。【详解】细节理解题。根据本段中“Forthefirsttime,inthesamewaythatasightedchildmightreacttoseeingthemselvesinamirrororaphotograph,Igotthesenseofmyselfasaseparatepersonwhoexistedoutsidemyheadandwasexperiencedbyotherpeople.(第一次，就像一个有视力的孩子看到自己在镜子或照片中的反应一样，我意识到自己是一个独立的人，存在于我的头脑之外，被其他人所体验。)”可知，录音机使作者更多地了解了自己。故选B项。例3AndJuneau’snaturalcharm,withitsvariousscenicspots,isJuneau’sbiggestdrawingforceinvisitors’eyes.TheremarkableMendenhallGlacier—rockyenoughtofascinatehikers—isjustoneofJuneau’smanynaturalattractions.DuringtheMendenhallGlacierhike,you’repersonallyexperiencingwildwatersandsharpforestedslopes.Forhardcorehikers,itspullishardtoresist.WhichofthefollowingitemsisJuneau’smajorsellingpointtovisitors?A.Culturalbackground. B.Developmenthistory.C.Naturalattraction. D.Climateadvantage.【答案】C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是美国阿拉斯加州首府朱诺的自然美景、历史文化及探险活动，为游客提供详尽的旅行建议。【详解】细节理解题。根据文中的“AndJuneau’snaturalcharm,withitsvariousscenicspots,isJuneau’sbiggestdrawingforceinvisitors’eyes.(而朱诺的自然魅力，及其众多风景名胜，是游客眼中朱诺最大的吸引力所在。)”可知，自然景观是朱诺的主要卖点。故选C项。1.Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentcompanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandMessenger,insistingthatthecompanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonitsplatformstocausechildrentooverusethem.Theaccusationsinthelawsuitraiseadeeperquestionaboutbehavior:Areyoungpeoplebecomingaddictedtosocialmediaandtheinternet?Here’swhattheresearchhasfound.WhatwasMetaaccusedof?A.Itaddedproblematicfeaturestoitsplatform.B.Itstartedadiscussiontomisleadyoungpeople.C.Ittemptedchildrentousesocialmediatoomuch.D.Itconductedillegalresearchonitsparentcompany.【答案】C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文(节选)。主要围绕41个州和哥伦比亚特区对Meta公司的诉讼展开，引出年轻人是否沉迷社交媒体和互联网的讨论，并提及相关研究发现。【小题1】细节理解题。根据第一段“Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentcompanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandMessenger,insistingthatthecompanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonitsplatformstocausechildrentooverusethem.(41个州和哥伦比亚特区开始对Facebook、Instagram、WhatsApp和Messenger的母公司Meta提起诉讼，坚称该公司故意使用其平台上的功能，导致儿童过度使用这些平台)”可知，Meta被指控故意利用平台功能诱使儿童过度使用其社交媒体平台。故选C项。2.Thehistoryofthebicycledatesbacktotheearly19thcentury.Thefirstbicycleswerecalled“velocipedes”andweremadeofwood.Theyhadnopedalsandwerepropelledbytheriderpushingtheirfeetagainsttheground.Inthe1860s,the“boneshaker”wasinvented.Ithadmetalframesandsolidrubbertires,anditwasthefirstbicycletohavepedals.Overtheyears,bicycleshavecontinuedtoevolve.Theinventionofthepneumatic(air-filled)tireinthe1880smadeforamuchmorecomfortableride.Today,bicyclescomeinawidevarietyofstylesandareusedformanydifferentpurposes,includingtransportation,exercise,andsport.Whatwasthefirstbicyclewithpedalscalled?A.Thevelocipede.B.Theboneshaker.C.Thepneumatictirebicycle.D.It’snotmentioned.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自行车的发展历史。【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Inthe1860s,the“boneshaker”wasinvented.Ithadmetalframesandsolidrubbertires,anditwasthefirstbicycletohavepedals.(19世纪60年代，boneshaker问世。它有金属车架和实心橡胶轮胎，是第一款带有踏板的自行车)”可知，第一款带踏板的自行车名为boneshaker。故选B项。3.Scientistshavelongbeeninterestedintheeffectsofmusiconthehumanbrain.Arecentstudyfoundthatlisteningtoclassicalmusiccanhaveapositiveimpactonmemoryandconcentration.Theresearchersconductedanexperimentwithtwogroupsofstudents.Onegrouplistenedtoclassicalmusicwhilestudying,andtheothergroupstudiedinsilence.Theresultsshowedthatthestudentswholistenedtoclassicalmusichadbetterrecallofinformationthanthosewhostudiedinsilence.Inadditiontoitseffectsonmemory,musichasalsobeenshowntohaveanimpactonmood.Up-tempomusiccanmakepeoplefeelmoreenergeticandpositive,whileslow,soothingmusiccanhelptoreducestressandanxiety.Manypeopleusemusicasaformofself-care,listeningtotheirfavoritesongstorelaxafteralongdayortoboosttheirmoodwhenthey’refeelingdown.Whatwasthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofstudentsintheexperiment?A.Onegroupwassmarterthantheother.B.Onegrouplistenedtomusicwhiletheotherdidn’t.C.Onegroupstudiedlongerthantheother.D.Onegroupwasmoreconcentratedthantheother.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐对人类大脑的影响，包括古典音乐有助于记忆力和专注力，以及不同节奏音乐对情绪的不同作用。【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theresearchersconductedanexperimentwithtwogroupsofstudents.Onegrouplistenedtoclassicalmusicwhilestudying,andtheothergroupstudiedinsilence.(研究人员对两组学生进行了实验。一组学生在学习时听古典音乐，另一组则在安静的环境中学习)”可知，两组学生的区别在于一组在学习时听古典音乐，另一组在安静的环境中学习、不听音乐。故选B项。4.TheInternethasbecomepartofourdailylives.Weuseitforwork,forentertainment,andforkeepingintouchwithfriendsandfamily.OneofthemostpopularusesoftheInternetisonlineshopping.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,morethan60%ofconsumersintheUnitedStateshavemadeatleastoneonlinepurchaseinthepastyear.Theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome,thewidevarietyofproductsavailable,andtheabilitytocomparepriceseasilyaresomeofthereasonswhyonlineshoppinghasbecomesopopular.However,onlineshoppingalsohasitsdrawbacks.Oneconcernisthesecurityofpersonalinformation.Whenconsumersentertheircreditcardnumbersandotherpersonaldetailsonawebsite,thereisariskthatthisinformationcouldbestolenbyhackers.Anotherissueisthequalityofproducts.Sinceconsumerscan'tseeortouchtheproductsbeforebuyingthem,theysometimesreceiveitemsthatareoflowerqualitythanexpected.Whatisoneofthemainreasonsforthepopularityofonlineshoppingaccordingtothetext?A.Thespeedofdelivery.B.Theabilitytobargaininperson.C.Theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome.D.Theopportunitytomeetnewpeople.【答案】C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了互联网成为日常生活一部分，网购受青睐及其流行原因，同时指出网购在个人信息安全和产品质量方面的不足。【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome,thewidevarietyofproductsavailable,andtheabilitytocomparepriceseasilyaresomeofthereasonswhyonlineshoppinghasbecomesopopular.(在家购物的便利性、丰富的产品种类以及轻松比价的能力，是网购如此流行的部分原因)”可知，在家购物的便利性是网购流行的主要原因之一。故选C项。5.Mrs.Lilyorderedabeefsteakandacupofcoffee.Sheneededtopay________.A.$4.00 B.$12.00 C.$16.00【答案】C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要呈现了“美味”店的汉堡、肉类、饮品价格，用于解决消费金额计算问题。【详解】细节理解题。根据价目表中“Beefsteak$12.00(牛排12美元)”和“Coffee$4.00(咖啡4美元)”可知，莉莉夫人需支付$12+$4=$16。故选C。考点二：词义猜测题例1.Iargued,pointingoutthatschoolwasabouttostart,andIdidn’twanttowaitforthebus.Mydad,knownforhisstubbornness,wouldn’tgivein.Afterafewheatedwords,hesighedandhandedmethekeys.“Fine,butbecareful,”hesaid.Islidintothecar,abittriumphant.Theroadslookedfine,Ithought,barelyaninchofsnow,Istartedthecarandpulledoutofthedriveway,feelingasurgeofindependence.ButasImademywaythroughtheneighborhood,theslipperyroadstestedmyconfidence.Onesharpturnlater,andIwasintrouble—thecarstartedtoskid.Itriedtoslowdown,butitwastoolate.Thecarslidrightintoasnowbank.Whatdoestheword“triumphant”(paragraph5)mostlikelymean?A.Amused. B.Proud. C.Embarrassed. D.Regretful.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因不想等公交车与固执的父亲争执后获准开车，却因路面湿滑车子滑进雪堆的经历。【详解】词句猜测题。根据本段第一段中“Afterafewheatedwords,hesighedandhandedmethekeys.“Fine,butbecareful,”hesaid.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。“很好，但要小心，”他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词triumphant意思是“得意的”，与proud意思相同。故选B。例2.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingupinlandfills.Andhere’sthekicker:mostofitbarelygetswornbeforeit’sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.Parkthought,“Icandobetterthanthis.”So,shepicturedanewkindofstore—onethatwouldn’tjustreducewastebutwouldalsoinspirepeopletomakesmarter,greenerchoices.Thephrase“thekicker”mostlikelymeans________.A.thepersonkickingthefootballB.somethingunexpectedandsurprisingC.themostexcitingpartofthesituationD.thereasonwhyfastfashionissuccessful【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了快时尚浪费现象及应对新构想。【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词语上文“Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingupinlandfills.(每年，数百万吨的衣物被丢弃，其中近一半最终进入了垃圾填埋场。)”、和下文“mostofitbarelygetswornbeforeit’sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.(由于快时尚的无休止循环，大部分衣物在被扔掉之前几乎都没怎么穿过。)”可知，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在“每年大量衣服被丢弃”的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。thekicker意思是“意想不到且令人惊讶的事”，故选B。例3.JenniferBlackburnisa49-year-oldwhohasfolloweddecadesoftryingdifferentdietsandmedicationsandfindinglittlesuccess.Inlate2022shestartedtakingOzempic,thediabetes(糖尿病)drugthathasbecomesynonymouswithcelebrityweightloss.Theeffectislife-changing....Despiteallthese,sinceloadsofinfluencershavecheeredtheirslimmingsuccessesonthesedrugs,itseemseverybodywantstotrythem.Theheavydemandhasledtoshortages.Throughout2023,peoplewithtype2diabetesstruggledtoaccessOzempic.Periodicshortagesareexpectedtocontinuein2024,whilethosewhocanaccessthesedrugsfaceasignificantfinancialcost.ThecostismuchtoohightothevastmajorityofAmericans-amonthlysupplywillsetonebackmorethan$1000.JenniferBlackburnhaslost16kilograms(andkeptitoff).“Ifeelhappier,moreconfident,”saysBlackburn,“It’saboutmuchmorethansize—it’sliketheweightisliftedoffmyshoulders.”Withsuchsupportivevoices,thefutureofOzempicremainsunpredictablesofar.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedphraseinparagraph1?A.bekeenon B.beequivalenttoC.besuitablefor D.befamiliarwith【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了糖尿病药物Ozempic受追捧用于减肥，引发供应短缺、费用高昂等问题，前景尚不明朗。【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Inlate2022shestartedtakingOzempic,thediabetes(糖尿病)drugthathasbecomesynonymouswithcelebrityweightloss.Theeffectislife-changing.(2022年底，她开始服用治疗糖尿病的奥兹匹克(Ozempic)，这种药已becomesynonymouswith名人减肥。其效果能改变人生)”以及最后一段“JenniferBlackburnhaslost16kilograms(andkeptitoff).“Ifeelhappier,moreconfident.”saysBlackburn,“It’saboutmuchmorethansize—it’sliketheweightisliftedoffmyshoulders.”(JenniferBlackburn已经减掉了16公斤(并一直保持着)。“我感到更快乐，更自信。”Blackburn说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”及倒数第二段“Despiteallthese,sinceloadsofinfluencershavecheeredtheirslimmingsuccessesonthesedrugs,itseemseverybodywantstotrythem.(尽管如此，由于许多网红都为他们服用这些药物减肥成功而欢呼，似乎每个人都想尝试它们)”可知，JenniferBlackburn因为服用Ozempic减掉了16公斤，且许多网红都服用药物成功，这种药物如今已经成为名人减肥的代名词。故划线词意思是“等同于，相当于”，与B选项beequivalentto意思相同。故选B。1.Urbanplannerssaythismovement,organizedbyresidentsinsteadofgovernmentagencies,couldmake“aginginplace”safeandaffordableforamajorityofelderlypeople.Althoughnotthecure-allforthosewithcomplicatedmedicalneeds,theapproachaddresseswhatexpertssaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomesinresponsetorelativelysmallproblems.Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesaccompaniedbypressurefromadultchildren,theelderlyhomeowneriscaughtoffguard.Remainingathomewithoutsufficienthelpisfrightening.“Ifpeopledon’tfeelsooverpowered,theydon’thavetojumpatprecipitousdecisions.Actuallypracticeslikemovingintonursinghomesarehardtobereversed,”saidanexpert.Theunderlinedwordprecipitousinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.A.alternative B.fake C.rushed D.joint【答案】C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了居民组织的相关行动有助于老年人居家养老，可避免其因小问题仓促放弃住房。【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Althoughnotthecure—allforthosewithcomplicatedmedicalneeds,theapproachaddresseswhatexpertssaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomesinresponsetorelativelysmallproblems.Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesaccompaniedbypressurefromadultchildren,theelderlyhomeowneriscaughtoffguard.Remainingathomewithoutsufficienthelpisfrightening.(虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的。)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““Ifpeopledon’tfeelsooverpowered,theydon’thavetojumpatprecipitousdecisions.Actuallypracticeslikemovingintonursinghomesarehardtobereversed,”saidanexpert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必precipitous做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说。)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。2.It’snotunheardofforoneeventtokickoffawholenewfieldofscientificinquiry.Stillit’srare.WhenLorimer’spapercameoutinthejournal,itwasnotsurprisingthatmanywereskeptical.“Sometimes,whatseemslikearemarkablescientificdiscoveryturnsouttobeanerrorinthedata,”somecommented.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.Optimistic. B.Curious. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.【答案】D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Lorimer发表研究论文后，科学界对其发现普遍持怀疑态度。许多人认为，看似突破性的科学发现可能只是数据错误，强调了科学验证的严谨性。【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Sometimes,whatseemslikearemarkablescientificdiscoveryturnsouttobeanerrorinthedata(有时候，看似了不起的科学发现，其实是数据上的错误)”可知，许多人对Lorimer的论文持怀疑态度，认为是数据上的错误。故划线词意思是“怀疑的”。D选项“Doubtful(怀疑的)”与划线词意思相近。故选D。3.Thenewproductonthemarketisarealgame-changer.Ithasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate.Insteadofthetraditionalmethodsthatwereoftenslowandcumbersome,thisdeviceallowsforinstantaneousandseamlessconnection.It’ssocompactthatyoucancarryitwithyouwhereveryougo,anditsuser-friendlyinterfacemakesitaccessibletopeopleofallages.Whatdoestheword“cumbersome”inthetextprobablymean?A.Convenient.B.Complicated.C.Quick.D.Modern.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一款市场上的新产品，它改变了沟通方式，小巧便携且界面友好。【详解】词句猜测题。根据“Insteadofthetraditionalmethodsthatwereoftenslowandcumbersome,thisdeviceallowsforinstantaneousandseamlessconnection.(与传统的、往往缓慢而cumbersome的方法不同，这种设备可以实现即时无缝连接。)”可知，传统方法慢且cumbersome，与新设备的“instantaneousandseamless(即时无缝)”形成对比，所以cumbersome意思是“笨拙繁琐的，复杂的”，与Complicated意思相近。故选B。4....(Paragraph2)Theword“misophonia”literallymeans“ahatredofsound”andissometimescalledSelectiveSoundSensitivitySyndrome.Therearesomeexpertswhodoubttheexistenceofthecondition.However,forthosewhoclaimtosufferfromit,theexperiencecanbetraumatic.Certainsoundscauseintenseemotionalorpsychologicalresponsesthat...Whatdoestheunderlinedword“traumatic”inParagraph2mean?A.Physicallypainful B.MentallysatisfyingC.Spirituallycomforting D.Emotionallydisturbing【答案】D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“恐音症”的字面含义、别称、部分专家的质疑及患者的痛苦感受。【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Certainsoundscauseintenseemotionalorpsychologicalresponsesthat...(某些声音会引发强烈的情绪或心理反应，这些反应……)”可知，恐音症患者会受声音影响产生负面的情绪或心理反应，“traumatic”应体现这种负面感受，指情感上令人痛苦或困扰的。A.Physicallypainful(身体上疼痛的)；B.Mentallysatisfying(心理上满足的)；C.Spirituallycomforting(精神上安慰的)；D.Emotionallydisturbing(情绪上困扰的)。D选项符合“强烈负面情绪反应”的描述。故选D。5.Ifyouwanttofullyenjoyyourvacation,you’dbetterchecktheDurbanCityTours.ThisisactuallyoneofthebestchoicesinSouthAfricatoday.Thereisnothingmorerelaxingthantothinkaboutthatthereisaplacetogoandrelax,right?Citylifeisstrained,butyoucanescapethissituationandbeintheplacewherethereisnothingbutrelaxation.HereinDurbanyouwillgettoseealltheamazingtouristattractions.Ifyouloveanimalsandwanttoseesomeelephantswanderingaroundthestreets,thenDurbanistheplacetogo.Youcanevengettorideoneifyouwant!Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strained”inthisparagraphmean?A.Easy. B.Stressful. C.Steady. D.Casual.【答案】B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章推荐南非德班城市游，称其是当下好选择，能让人逃离紧张的城市生活，享受放松，还可参观景点、看大象甚至骑大象。【详解】词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“Thereisnothingmorerelaxingthantothinkaboutthatthereisaplacetogoandrelax,right?(没有什么比想到有一个地方可以去放松更让人放松的了，对吧？)”以及下文“butyoucanescapethissituationandbeintheplacewherethereisnothingbutrelaxation.(但你可以逃离这种情况，到一个只有放松的地方。)”可知，前文提到德班之旅能让人放松，后文用“but”转折，指出城市生活能让人“逃离(escape)”这种状态，说明“strained”与“relaxation”(放松)相反，即“充满压力的”，与B选项“Stressful(紧张的，压力大的)”含义一致。故选B项。6.MyplanistogohikingintheGrandCanyon,asIwanttoseethebeautifulscenerythereandexperiencethewondersofoneofthelargestcanyonsonEarth.SincetheColoradoRiverflowsthroughthecanyon,findingwatertodrinkisnotanissue.However,manyofthepathsarequiterockyandnarrowwithahighcliffononeside,soitcanbeperiloustohikethere.Anotherproblemiswildanimalssuchasrattlesnakes,mountainlions,scorpions,andskunks.Ontheotherhand,thecoloursandnaturalwondersinsidethecanyonaresobeautifulthatitmakessuchatripworthwhile,andhikinginthecanyonwouldhelpmelearnmoreaboutitsuniquegeography,alongwithitsplantsandanimals.It’struethatitmightbealittledangeroushikinginsuchaplace,buttobealoneundertheopenskywillfillmewithgreatpeaceandallowmetoclearmymindandfocusonthepositivethingsinmylife.Andtochallengemyselfwiththedifficultyseemslikeawonderfulexperience.IthinkIcanlearnagreatdealfromtravelling.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inparagraph2mean?A.Impossible. B.Dangerous. C.Easy. D.Interesting.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者计划去大峡谷徒步旅行，提及了途中可能遇到的危险，但也表达了此次旅行能带来的诸多益处与独特体验。【小题1】词句猜测题。根据原文“However,manyofthepathsarequiterockyandnarrowwithahighcliffononeside,soitcanbeperiloustohikethere.(然而，许多小路相当崎岖狭窄，一侧有高高的悬崖，所以在那里徒步旅行可能是perilous的)”可知，因为小路崎岖狭窄且一侧有高崖，所以在那里徒步旅行是有危险的。故划线词“perilous”的意思是“危险的”，与B项“Dangerous”同义。故选B项。7.Thefindingsrevealadisconcertingdisparity:nationswithinthetropical(热带的)regions,whichhavecontributedleasttohistoricalcarbonemissions,arepredictedtosufferincomelosses60%greaterthanthoseinhigher-income,higher-emissioncountries.Thishighlightsasignificantclimatejusticeissue,astheseleast-developednationspossessfewerresourcestoadapttoincreasingclimateimpacts.By“adisconcertingdisparity”inparagraph4,theauthormeans_____.A.poorcountriesleastresponsibleforemissionwillsuffermostineconomyB.itisprojectedthatpeopleintropicalcountrieswillearn60%lessby2050C.higher-incomecountriesarereluctanttoinvestinslowingglobalwarmingD.higher-emissioncountriesaretryingtojustifytheirroleinclimateimpacts【答案】A【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了波茨坦气候影响研究所(PIK)最近的一项突破性研究预测，气候变化会造成巨大的经济损失，预计到2050年，每年的损失约为38万亿美元。这一数字凸显了全球范围内面临的严峻经济挑战，预计受到最大影响的是对温室气体排放负责最少的国家。【详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Thefindingsrevealadisconcertingdisparity:nationswithinthetropicalregions,whichhavecontributedleasttohistoricalcarbonemissions,arepredictedtosufferincomelosses60%greaterthanthoseinhigher-income,higher-emissioncountries.Thishighlightsasignificantclimatejusticeissue,astheseleast-developednationspossessfewerresourcestoadapttoincreasingclimateimpacts.(研究结果揭示了一个令人不安的差异：热带地区国家对历史碳排放的贡献最小，但其预计遭受的收入损失，却比高收入、高排放国家高出60%。这凸显了一个重大的气候正义问题——这些最不发达国家拥有的资源更少，难以适应日益加剧的气候影响。)”可推知，作者在第四段中所说的“令人不安的差距”是指对碳排放责任最小的贫穷国家，将在经济上遭受最严重的打击。故选A。考点三：推理判断题例1.Inasmalltown,therewasalocalbookstorethathadbeeninbusinessfordecades.Thestorewasknownforitswideselectionofbooks,fromclassicliteraturetothelatestbest-sellers.However,inrecentyears,alargeonlinebookstorestartedtogainpopularity.Thelocalbookstoresawasignificantdeclineinitscustomertraffic.Theownerofthelocalbookstoretriedvariousstrategiestoattractcustomers.Heorganizedbookclubs,hostedauthorsignings,andoffereddiscounts.Despitetheseefforts,thestorecontinuedtostruggle.Manyoftheyoungercustomersinthetownpreferredtheconvenienceofshoppingonlineandthewiderrangeofe-booksavailable.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofthelocalbookstore?A.Itwilldefinitelyclosedownsoon.B.Itmightsurviveifitcanadapttothechanges.C.Itwillbecomemorepopularthantheonlinebookstore.D.Itwillonlysellclassicliteratureinthefuture.【答案】B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经营数十年的小镇本地书店受热门网上书店冲击，客流量大减，店主虽尝试多种策略吸引顾客仍处境艰难。【详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theownerofthelocalbookstoretriedvariousstrategiestoattractcustomers.Heorganizedbookclubs,hostedauthorsignings,andoffereddiscounts.Despitetheseefforts,thestorecontinuedtostruggle.Manyoftheyoungercustomersinthetownpreferredtheconvenienceofshoppingonlineandthewiderrangeofe-booksavailable.(当地书店的老板尝试了各种策略来吸引顾客。他组织了读书俱乐部，举办了作家签名会，并提供折扣。尽管做出了这些努力，但这家店仍在苦苦挣扎。镇上的许多年轻顾客更喜欢网上购物的便利性和更广泛的电子书)”可知，当地书店面临顾客流量下降的困境，尝试了多种策略来吸引顾客。虽然目前仍在挣扎，但没有明确表明一定会倒闭，所以可以推断出如果它能适应变化(比如顾客偏好的变化等)，或许能够生存下去。故选B项。例2.Moreover,figuressuchasRomanYampolskiypointoutthatpredictingtheexacttimelineisextremelydifficultduetotheexceptionalnatureofthesingularityitself.Thedevelopmentsleadingtoasingularityinvolvemanyvariables,includingbreakthroughsinAIalgorithms,hardwarecapabilitiesandsocictalfactorsthatarehardtoforecastwithaccuracy.WhatbestdescribesRomanYampolskiy’sattitudetowardpredictingthesingularity?A.Reserved. B.Optimistic.C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.【答案】A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了罗曼•亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，因奇点本身的特殊性及相关发展涉及AI算法、硬件能力、社会因素等难预测变量，准确预测其发生时间极为困难。【详解】推理判断题。根据该段的“Moreover,figuressuchasRomanYampolskiypointoutthatpredictingtheexacttimelineisextremelydifficultduetotheexceptionalnatureofthesingularityitself.(此外，罗曼•亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，由于技术奇点本身的特殊性，预测其确切的时间线极其困难)”可推知，罗曼•亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。例3.Beyondpractice,creativitygrowsinenvironmentsthatencourageexplorationandproblem-solving.Manybreakthroughsinmusic,science,andartdonotemergefromsuddeninspirationbutratherfromsustainedeffortandexperimentation.Acomposermightspendweekstestingdifferentchord(和弦)progressionsbeforediscoveringauniquecombination.Similarly,ascientistmayconductnumerousfailedexperimentsbeforeuncoveringagroundbreakingsolution.ThomasEdison,forexample,famouslysaidthathissuccesswasbuilton“1,000waysthatwon’twork”beforeinventingthelightbulb(灯泡).TheroleoftheexampleofThomasEdisoninparagraph3is________.A.toillustratethatfailurecanleadtosuccessB.toshowthatperseveranceisessentialforcreativityC.toemphasizethatsuccessdependsontheinitialtalentD.toarguethatfailureisthemainsourceofcreativity【答案】B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了创造力的培养除了练习，还需要鼓励探索和解决问题的环境，音乐、科学、艺术等领域的诸多突破并非源于突发灵感，而是来自持续的努力与反复试验，爱迪生发明灯泡的例子也印证了这一点。【详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly,ascientistmayconductnumerousfailedexperimentsbeforeuncoveringagroundbreakingsolution.ThomasEdison,forexample,famouslysaidthathissuccesswasbuilton“1,000waysthatwon’twork”beforeinventingthelightbulb(灯泡).(同样，科学家在发现突破性的解决方案之前，可能会进行无数次失败的实验。例如，托马斯·爱迪生在发明灯泡之前曾说过，他的成功建立在“1000种行不通的方法”之上)”可推知，托马斯·爱迪生的例子是为了说明创造力需要坚持不懈的努力，即毅力对创造力至关重要。故选B。例4.ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’re