专题12 阅读理解（一）(题型突破)（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版）

专题12阅读理解(一)(题型突破)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一细节理解题文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节理解对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节题在高考阅读理解中出现频率很高。高考英语阅读理解题的细节题考点可能源自于段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内或段落间综合信息理解。考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式等，议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。关于综合细节判断(需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合)：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点(近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等)，确定答案。考点二词义猜测题正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。考点三推理判断题推理判断属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层含义及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断的考查要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等。解答该类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。1.推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。2.推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。3.推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。4.推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。考点四主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。段落大意题标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。主旨大意题要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。考点一：细节理解题例1Geology,thestudyofthestructureandformationoftheEarth,isthebabyofalltheothersciences.Untilcomparativelyrecently,scholarspaidlittleattentiontorocksandrockformations.Indeed,thewordgeologyonlyappearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtookanotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneralusage.GeologymadeitsfirstappearanceintheEncyclopaediaBritannica(大英百科全书)inthe1810edition.Despitethisinclusion,thescienceofgeologyremainedlargelyignoreduntilmuchlaterinthecentury.Whendidtheword“geology”starttobecommonlyusedintheEnglishlanguage?A.In1735. B.In1810. C.Around1805. D.Around1895.例2Thenewtoy,thesizeofasmallsuitcase,dominatedtherestoftheChristmasholidays.Oncewehadmasteredthecontrols,werecordedanythingandeverything:eachother,ourparents,themilkman,thedog...andweveryquicklylearnedhowmuchfunwecouldhavewithit.Forthefirsttime,inthesamewaythatasightedchildmightreacttoseeingthemselvesinamirrororaphotograph,Igotthesenseofmyselfasaseparatepersonwhoexistedoutsidemyheadandwasexperiencedbyotherpeople.Itwasbothexcitingandembarrassing.Whatdidtherecorderenabletheboystodowhentheystartedtouseit?A.Maketheirownradioprogrammes.B.Discovermoreaboutthemselves.C.Pursueacareerinbroadcasting.D.Heareachothermoreclearly.例3AndJuneau’snaturalcharm,withitsvariousscenicspots,isJuneau’sbiggestdrawingforceinvisitors’eyes.TheremarkableMendenhallGlacier—rockyenoughtofascinatehikers—isjustoneofJuneau’smanynaturalattractions.DuringtheMendenhallGlacierhike,you’repersonallyexperiencingwildwatersandsharpforestedslopes.Forhardcorehikers,itspullishardtoresist.WhichofthefollowingitemsisJuneau’smajorsellingpointtovisitors?A.Culturalbackground. B.Developmenthistory.C.Naturalattraction. D.Climateadvantage.1.Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentcompanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandMessenger,insistingthatthecompanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonitsplatformstocausechildrentooverusethem.Theaccusationsinthelawsuitraiseadeeperquestionaboutbehavior:Areyoungpeoplebecomingaddictedtosocialmediaandtheinternet?Here’swhattheresearchhasfound.WhatwasMetaaccusedof?A.Itaddedproblematicfeaturestoitsplatform.B.Itstartedadiscussiontomisleadyoungpeople.C.Ittemptedchildrentousesocialmediatoomuch.D.Itconductedillegalresearchonitsparentcompany.2.Thehistoryofthebicycledatesbacktotheearly19thcentury.Thefirstbicycleswerecalled“velocipedes”andweremadeofwood.Theyhadnopedalsandwerepropelledbytheriderpushingtheirfeetagainsttheground.Inthe1860s,the“boneshaker”wasinvented.Ithadmetalframesandsolidrubbertires,anditwasthefirstbicycletohavepedals.Overtheyears,bicycleshavecontinuedtoevolve.Theinventionofthepneumatic(air-filled)tireinthe1880smadeforamuchmorecomfortableride.Today,bicyclescomeinawidevarietyofstylesandareusedformanydifferentpurposes,includingtransportation,exercise,andsport.Whatwasthefirstbicyclewithpedalscalled?A.Thevelocipede.B.Theboneshaker.C.Thepneumatictirebicycle.D.It’snotmentioned.3.Scientistshavelongbeeninterestedintheeffectsofmusiconthehumanbrain.Arecentstudyfoundthatlisteningtoclassicalmusiccanhaveapositiveimpactonmemoryandconcentration.Theresearchersconductedanexperimentwithtwogroupsofstudents.Onegrouplistenedtoclassicalmusicwhilestudying,andtheothergroupstudiedinsilence.Theresultsshowedthatthestudentswholistenedtoclassicalmusichadbetterrecallofinformationthanthosewhostudiedinsilence.Inadditiontoitseffectsonmemory,musichasalsobeenshowntohaveanimpactonmood.Up-tempomusiccanmakepeoplefeelmoreenergeticandpositive,whileslow,soothingmusiccanhelptoreducestressandanxiety.Manypeopleusemusicasaformofself-care,listeningtotheirfavoritesongstorelaxafteralongdayortoboosttheirmoodwhenthey’refeelingdown.Whatwasthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofstudentsintheexperiment?A.Onegroupwassmarterthantheother.B.Onegrouplistenedtomusicwhiletheotherdidn’t.C.Onegroupstudiedlongerthantheother.D.Onegroupwasmoreconcentratedthantheother.4.TheInternethasbecomepartofourdailylives.Weuseitforwork,forentertainment,andforkeepingintouchwithfriendsandfamily.OneofthemostpopularusesoftheInternetisonlineshopping.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,morethan60%ofconsumersintheUnitedStateshavemadeatleastoneonlinepurchaseinthepastyear.Theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome,thewidevarietyofproductsavailable,andtheabilitytocomparepriceseasilyaresomeofthereasonswhyonlineshoppinghasbecomesopopular.However,onlineshoppingalsohasitsdrawbacks.Oneconcernisthesecurityofpersonalinformation.Whenconsumersentertheircreditcardnumbersandotherpersonaldetailsonawebsite,thereisariskthatthisinformationcouldbestolenbyhackers.Anotherissueisthequalityofproducts.Sinceconsumerscan'tseeortouchtheproductsbeforebuyingthem,theysometimesreceiveitemsthatareoflowerqualitythanexpected.Whatisoneofthemainreasonsforthepopularityofonlineshoppingaccordingtothetext?A.Thespeedofdelivery.B.Theabilitytobargaininperson.C.Theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome.D.Theopportunitytomeetnewpeople.5.Mrs.Lilyorderedabeefsteakandacupofcoffee.Sheneededtopay________.A.$4.00 B.$12.00 C.$16.00考点二：词义猜测题例1.Iargued,pointingoutthatschoolwasabouttostart,andIdidn’twanttowaitforthebus.Mydad,knownforhisstubbornness,wouldn’tgivein.Afterafewheatedwords,hesighedandhandedmethekeys.“Fine,butbecareful,”hesaid.Islidintothecar,abittriumphant.Theroadslookedfine,Ithought,barelyaninchofsnow,Istartedthecarandpulledoutofthedriveway,feelingasurgeofindependence.ButasImademywaythroughtheneighborhood,theslipperyroadstestedmyconfidence.Onesharpturnlater,andIwasintrouble—thecarstartedtoskid.Itriedtoslowdown,butitwastoolate.Thecarslidrightintoasnowbank.Whatdoestheword“triumphant”(paragraph5)mostlikelymean?A.Amused. B.Proud. C.Embarrassed. D.Regretful.例2.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingupinlandfills.Andhere’sthekicker:mostofitbarelygetswornbeforeit’sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.Parkthought,“Icandobetterthanthis.”So,shepicturedanewkindofstore—onethatwouldn’tjustreducewastebutwouldalsoinspirepeopletomakesmarter,greenerchoices.Thephrase“thekicker”mostlikelymeans________.A.thepersonkickingthefootballB.somethingunexpectedandsurprisingC.themostexcitingpartofthesituationD.thereasonwhyfastfashionissuccessful例3.JenniferBlackburnisa49-year-oldwhohasfolloweddecadesoftryingdifferentdietsandmedicationsandfindinglittlesuccess.Inlate2022shestartedtakingOzempic,thediabetes(糖尿病)drugthathasbecomesynonymouswithcelebrityweightloss.Theeffectislife-changing....Despiteallthese,sinceloadsofinfluencershavecheeredtheirslimmingsuccessesonthesedrugs,itseemseverybodywantstotrythem.Theheavydemandhasledtoshortages.Throughout2023,peoplewithtype2diabetesstruggledtoaccessOzempic.Periodicshortagesareexpectedtocontinuein2024,whilethosewhocanaccessthesedrugsfaceasignificantfinancialcost.ThecostismuchtoohightothevastmajorityofAmericans-amonthlysupplywillsetonebackmorethan$1000.JenniferBlackburnhaslost16kilograms(andkeptitoff).“Ifeelhappier,moreconfident,”saysBlackburn,“It’saboutmuchmorethansize—it’sliketheweightisliftedoffmyshoulders.”Withsuchsupportivevoices,thefutureofOzempicremainsunpredictablesofar.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedphraseinparagraph1?A.bekeenon B.beequivalenttoC.besuitablefor D.befamiliarwith1.Urbanplannerssaythismovement,organizedbyresidentsinsteadofgovernmentagencies,couldmake“aginginplace”safeandaffordableforamajorityofelderlypeople.Althoughnotthecure-allforthosewithcomplicatedmedicalneeds,theapproachaddresseswhatexpertssaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomesinresponsetorelativelysmallproblems.Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesaccompaniedbypressurefromadultchildren,theelderlyhomeowneriscaughtoffguard.Remainingathomewithoutsufficienthelpisfrightening.“Ifpeopledon’tfeelsooverpowered,theydon’thavetojumpatprecipitousdecisions.Actuallypracticeslikemovingintonursinghomesarehardtobereversed,”saidanexpert.Theunderlinedwordprecipitousinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.A.alternative B.fake C.rushed D.joint2.It’snotunheardofforoneeventtokickoffawholenewfieldofscientificinquiry.Stillit’srare.WhenLorimer’spapercameoutinthejournal,itwasnotsurprisingthatmanywereskeptical.“Sometimes,whatseemslikearemarkablescientificdiscoveryturnsouttobeanerrorinthedata,”somecommented.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.Optimistic. B.Curious. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.3.Thenewproductonthemarketisarealgame-changer.Ithasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate.Insteadofthetraditionalmethodsthatwereoftenslowandcumbersome,thisdeviceallowsforinstantaneousandseamlessconnection.It’ssocompactthatyoucancarryitwithyouwhereveryougo,anditsuser-friendlyinterfacemakesitaccessibletopeopleofallages.Whatdoestheword“cumbersome”inthetextprobablymean?A.Convenient.B.Complicated.C.Quick.D.Modern.4....(Paragraph2)Theword“misophonia”literallymeans“ahatredofsound”andissometimescalledSelectiveSoundSensitivitySyndrome.Therearesomeexpertswhodoubttheexistenceofthecondition.However,forthosewhoclaimtosufferfromit,theexperiencecanbetraumatic.Certainsoundscauseintenseemotionalorpsychologicalresponsesthat...Whatdoestheunderlinedword“traumatic”inParagraph2mean?A.Physicallypainful B.MentallysatisfyingC.Spirituallycomforting D.Emotionallydisturbing5.Ifyouwanttofullyenjoyyourvacation,you’dbetterchecktheDurbanCityTours.ThisisactuallyoneofthebestchoicesinSouthAfricatoday.Thereisnothingmorerelaxingthantothinkaboutthatthereisaplacetogoandrelax,right?Citylifeisstrained,butyoucanescapethissituationandbeintheplacewherethereisnothingbutrelaxation.HereinDurbanyouwillgettoseealltheamazingtouristattractions.Ifyouloveanimalsandwanttoseesomeelephantswanderingaroundthestreets,thenDurbanistheplacetogo.Youcanevengettorideoneifyouwant!Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strained”inthisparagraphmean?A.Easy. B.Stressful. C.Steady. D.Casual.6.MyplanistogohikingintheGrandCanyon,asIwanttoseethebeautifulscenerythereandexperiencethewondersofoneofthelargestcanyonsonEarth.SincetheColoradoRiverflowsthroughthecanyon,findingwatertodrinkisnotanissue.However,manyofthepathsarequiterockyandnarrowwithahighcliffononeside,soitcanbeperiloustohikethere.Anotherproblemiswildanimalssuchasrattlesnakes,mountainlions,scorpions,andskunks.Ontheotherhand,thecoloursandnaturalwondersinsidethecanyonaresobeautifulthatitmakessuchatripworthwhile,andhikinginthecanyonwouldhelpmelearnmoreaboutitsuniquegeography,alongwithitsplantsandanimals.It’struethatitmightbealittledangeroushikinginsuchaplace,buttobealoneundertheopenskywillfillmewithgreatpeaceandallowmetoclearmymindandfocusonthepositivethingsinmylife.Andtochallengemyselfwiththedifficultyseemslikeawonderfulexperience.IthinkIcanlearnagreatdealfromtravelling.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inparagraph2mean?A.Impossible. B.Dangerous. C.Easy. D.Interesting.7.Thefindingsrevealadisconcertingdisparity:nationswithinthetropical(热带的)regions,whichhavecontributedleasttohistoricalcarbonemissions,arepredictedtosufferincomelosses60%greaterthanthoseinhigher-income,higher-emissioncountries.Thishighlightsasignificantclimatejusticeissue,astheseleast-developednationspossessfewerresourcestoadapttoincreasingclimateimpacts.By“adisconcertingdisparity”inparagraph4,theauthormeans_____.A.poorcountriesleastresponsibleforemissionwillsuffermostineconomyB.itisprojectedthatpeopleintropicalcountrieswillearn60%lessby2050C.higher-incomecountriesarereluctanttoinvestinslowingglobalwarmingD.higher-emissioncountriesaretryingtojustifytheirroleinclimateimpacts考点三：推理判断题例1.Inasmalltown,therewasalocalbookstorethathadbeeninbusinessfordecades.Thestorewasknownforitswideselectionofbooks,fromclassicliteraturetothelatestbest-sellers.However,inrecentyears,alargeonlinebookstorestartedtogainpopularity.Thelocalbookstoresawasignificantdeclineinitscustomertraffic.Theownerofthelocalbookstoretriedvariousstrategiestoattractcustomers.Heorganizedbookclubs,hostedauthorsignings,andoffereddiscounts.Despitetheseefforts,thestorecontinuedtostruggle.Manyoftheyoungercustomersinthetownpreferredtheconvenienceofshoppingonlineandthewiderrangeofe-booksavailable.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofthelocalbookstore?A.Itwilldefinitelyclosedownsoon.B.Itmightsurviveifitcanadapttothechanges.C.Itwillbecomemorepopularthantheonlinebookstore.D.Itwillonlysellclassicliteratureinthefuture.例2.Moreover,figuressuchasRomanYampolskiypointoutthatpredictingtheexacttimelineisextremelydifficultduetotheexceptionalnatureofthesingularityitself.Thedevelopmentsleadingtoasingularityinvolvemanyvariables,includingbreakthroughsinAIalgorithms,hardwarecapabilitiesandsocictalfactorsthatarehardtoforecastwithaccuracy.WhatbestdescribesRomanYampolskiy’sattitudetowardpredictingthesingularity?A.Reserved. B.Optimistic.C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.例3.Beyondpractice,creativitygrowsinenvironmentsthatencourageexplorationandproblem-solving.Manybreakthroughsinmusic,science,andartdonotemergefromsuddeninspirationbutratherfromsustainedeffortandexperimentation.Acomposermightspendweekstestingdifferentchord(和弦)progressionsbeforediscoveringauniquecombination.Similarly,ascientistmayconductnumerousfailedexperimentsbeforeuncoveringagroundbreakingsolution.ThomasEdison,forexample,famouslysaidthathissuccesswasbuilton“1,000waysthatwon’twork”beforeinventingthelightbulb(灯泡).TheroleoftheexampleofThomasEdisoninparagraph3is________.A.toillustratethatfailurecanleadtosuccessB.toshowthatperseveranceisessentialforcreativityC.toemphasizethatsuccessdependsontheinitialtalentD.toarguethatfailureisthemainsourceofcreativity例4.ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes-absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.例5.WheretoShopinLondonJamesSmith&SonsHaveyoueverseenanoblemanwithafinewalkingstickorafashionablewomanwithanumbrellathat'sdefinitelynotoneofthosefive-dollarbargainsfromNewYorkCitystreet?Well；youcouldbethatpersontoo.ButyouhavetogotoJameSmith&Sons.Theyspecializeinallkindsofhigh-qualitywalkingsticksandumbrellas.Harvie&HudsonUKandItalyaretwoleadingcountrieswhenitcomestoclothingformen.Andyouknowthatit’llcostyouyourwagesofseveralmonthstobuyasuitofclothesthere.ButHarvie&Hudsonisfairlyaccessible,especiallyforthekindofqualityyouget.Aworthyalternative!Youcan’tgowrongwithtwosportjacketsforaround£200.That'sagooddeal.HatchardsHatchardsinPiccadilly,whichopenedin1797,canclaimtobetheoldestbookstoreintheUKwitharound100,000books,andhasaspecialsectionforsignedfirsteditions,andchildren'sbooks.Beyondthat,itofferspersonalizedbooksubscriptionservicesforaveryreasonablesum—you'lljustneedtopayadditionalpostageforshipmenttoAmerica.TheWhiskyExchangeForthosewholovewhiskyandbrandy,thisisthebestchoice,sinceifsoneofthecity'simportantliquorstores.It’spossibletoorderbottlestobeshippedtoAmerica.You'reboundtofindsomethingyou'llneverseeathome.IfsliketheWillyWonkafactoryforScotchdrinkersandcollectors.Whoarethetargetreadersofthetext?A.Thenatives.B.Britishvisitors.C.Foreignstudents.D.Americantravelers.1.It’smid-afternoon.You’refullfromlunch.Thedayiswarm.You’restartingtofeelsleepy.Shouldyougiveintothecomfortofanap(打盹)?Inpointofadvantage,itisworthit.Thoughthereissomedisagreementastowhethernappingbenefitseveryone,researchsuggestsnapscanboostatleastsomepeople’smentalprocessofunderstandingintheshortterm.Severalstudiesfindthatawell-timednapcanprovideashort-termboostinbrainpower.Forexample,scientistsreviewedpastresearchthatfocusedonhealthyparticipantswithregularsleepcycles.Thatreview,publishedin2009intheJournalofSleepResearch,showsthatnappingimprovesfactorsrangingfromreactiontimetoalertness(警觉)tomemoryperformance.......Howdoesthewriterproveargumentsinthetextmainly?A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bycriticizewrongopinions.C.Bymakingcomparison. D.Bypresentingstudyresults.2.TheImpossibleBurgerisentirelyfreeofmeat.Butitlooks,smells,feelsand-mostimportantly-tastessomuchlikerealhamburgerbeef.Infact,plant-basedburgeralternativeshavesetoffastrongresistancefromthebeefindustry.TheCenterforConsumerFreedom,anonprofitthatadvocatesonbehalfofthefastfoodandmeatindustrieshaslaunchedan“informational”campaigntargetingplant-basedmeats.ThecampaignhasincludedTVandonlineads,aswellasprintadsinnewspapers.Theadsseemtoimplythatnotonlyisanartificialburgertooprocessed,butthatitmightbeevenlesshealthythantheaveragebeefburger.Whileit’struethataplant-basedmeatalternativeisprocessedandit’struethateatingoneisnotashealthyasapileofrawvegetables,it’sbesttotaketheadswithagenerouspinchofsalt.Forinstance,theadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedmeathighlightedinoneadsuresoundscary.Whowantssomethingcalledtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛)intheirmeal?Butthetruthisthatadditivessuchasthoselistedintheadsareregularlyusedinallsortsofpackagedfoods.Andifmethylcellulose,afoodthickener,soundsunpleasant,it’sreallynothingcomparedwithsalmonella(沙门菌)poisoningyoucangetfromregularmeat.Also,theadcampaignmissesthebiggerpoint.ChoosinganImpossibleorBeyondburgerisn’tjustabouthealthyeatingBurgers,whethertheyaremadefromprocessedpeaproteinorprocessedmeat,willneverbeashealthyasorganicrawvegetables.What’sappealingistheprospectorenjoyingajuicyburgerwithoutthebitteraftertasteofguilt.Let’sfaceit,therearehugeenvironmentalcoststoeatingcows.Cattleraisingiscontributingtoclimate.change,andnotjustbecausemethane(甲烷)fromcowsandcattleisresponsibleforabout14.5%ofgreenhousegas.Morebroadly,ourglobalfoodproductionsystemreleasesmorethanathirdoftheworld’sgreenhousegases.Yetwecan’tseemtocontrolourmeatappetiteevenknowingthatlargeareasoftheAmazonforesthavebeenruined,andcontinuetobecutdowntomakeroomformorecattletofeedthegrowingdemandforbeef.Humansalsoknowfullwellthatmanyanimalsliveshort,cruellivesinawfulconditionsforthepurposeofbecomingfoodsforhumanstoenjoyatdinner.Aplant-basedmeatthatsatisfiesmeatdesiresanddeliversproteinbutwithasmallerclimatefootprintisapotentialenvironmentalgamechangerandthereasonImpossibleFoodswasoneofthosereceivingtheUN,GlobalClimateActionAwardin2019.Nowonderthemeatindustryisonguard.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:Introduction

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C:ConclusionA. B.C. D.3.Careersinzoologyareextremelyvariedandunique,andcanprovideincrediblelearningandworkopportunitiesforanyonedevotedtoanimalstudiesandwelfare.Zoology,orthestudyofanimals,isawidefieldwithmanyspecialties,includingresearch,conservation,veterinary(兽医的)medicine,andthecareofanimals.Forpeoplewithaloveofanimalsandsometraining,dreamsofcareersinzoologymaycometrue.Somecareersinzoologyfocusonresearchandscientificstudies.Thesecareersmayallowthosewithagoodtheoreticalsciencebackgroundtodevelopandrunstudiesthatimprovehumanunderstandingoftheanimalworld.Researchinzoologycanhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumansmoreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation,breedingprograms,andhabitatpreservation.Careersinzoologythatfocusonconservationattachgreatimportancetothecontinuedsurvivalandincreasedprotectionofanimalspecies.Conservationistsmayworkwithpoliticalgroupsorgovernmentstohelpmakelawstoprotectandpreserveanimals,ormayworkinthefieldgatheringinformationonpotentialthreatstothehealthofglobalecosystems.Someconservationistsworkineducationalfields,tryingtoimprovehumaneffortstosaveanimalsfromextinction.Animalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury,andsomecareersinzoologyhelptocreateasafe,stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialtyfield,andmaytakeseveralyearsofintensivetrainingtoqualifyasacertifiedveterinarian.Whilemanyveterinariansfocusonthesmall-animalpracticeofdomesticpets,vetsinruralareasoftenworkwithlargefarmanimalsandmoreadventurousveterinariansmayworkwithexoticspeciesinzoosandwildlifepreserves.Humanslovetoobserveanimals,andmodern-dayzoosandwildlifepreserveshelpmeetthatinterestwhileprovidingfacilitiestoassistwithconservationprograms.Zoologycareersinzooscanrangefromoverseeingbreedingprograms,tocreatingtheproperdietforadeer,tocleaningthetiger’scage.Manyvolunteerandentry-leveljobsareavailableforpeoplethatloveanimals.8.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholepassage?(P1=paragraph1;P2=paragraph2;P3=paragraph3;P4=paragraph1;P5=paragraph5)A. B.C. D.4.SincetheIndustrialRevolution,everygenerationoffarmershashadtodealwiththetechnologicalchangesofthedayandtheyhavesuccessfullyadaptedtosurvive.Whoknows!AImaywellturnouttobejustthelatestinalonglineofchallengestobeembracedbyadaptableandspiritedfarmers.Andanythingthatsavesmetheworryofcheckingtheweatherforecastdayandnightduringharvestseasonmustbeagoodthing.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseofAIinagriculture?A.Suspicious. B.Optimistic.C.Neutral. D.Concerned.5.Itookmyfirststepsdownthepa