小升初语法专题-动词时态与情态动词

小升初语法讲义---动词第一讲时态串烧一、课程介绍知识点1.一般现在时的用法2.现在进行时的用法3.一般将来时的用法4.一般过去时的用法教学重点1.四种时态的结构2.四种时态的标志词3.四种时态的用法教学难点一般过去时的用法二、要点回顾用单词的适当形式填空1.He_________TVatthemoment.(watch)2.Mymotheroften________inbed.(read)3.Imusttakeitbackthedayaftertomorrow.Youcanonly__________itfor24hours.(keep)4.I_________(buy)anewdictionarythisweekend.5.They____________

(take)

photos

near

the

river

an

hour

ago.三、知识精要时态结构一般现在时am/is/are/do现在进行时am/is/are+doing一般将来时will+do/am/is/aregoingtodo一般过去时was/were/did四、要点讲练【要点1】一般现在时1.构成动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。详见下表：动词be动词haveIamastudentYouareastudentHe(She)isastudent.We(You,They)arestudents.Ihaveapen.Youhaveapen.He(She)hasapen.We(You,They)havepens.小贴士1.1.一般现在时的三单用法：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：1）一般在动词后直接加s。如：talk–talks,live–lives,stay-stays。2）以s,x.,ch,sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如：watch–watches,wash–washes,go–goes。3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如：carry–carries,fly–flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。2.用法a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday/week/year…等。例如:IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.除了星期日，我每天上学。b．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。例如:Theearthmoves/goesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。【例题】ThestudentsofClassOne_____anEnglishclasseveryday.A.has B.have C.had D.having【即学即用】Myfriend,Lucy

fromCanada.A.

be

B.come

C.comes

D.are【要点2】现在进行时1.构成现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下： 肯定式否定式疑问式Iamworkingnow.Youareworkingnow.He(She)isworkingnow.We(You,They)areworkingnow.Iamnotworkingnow.Youarenotworkingnow.He(She)isnotworkingnow.We(You,They)arenotworkingnow.AmIworkingnow?Areyouworkingnow?Ishe(she)workingnow?Arewe(you,they)workingnow?2.用法a．表示说话时正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：now,atthemoment等，look,listen也是现在进行时的标志词。例如:Whoareyouwaitingfor?你在等谁？b．一些表示位置移动的词，如：go,come,leave,arrive,move,die等，常用现在进行时态来表示将来时。例如:Heiscomingsoon.他不久就要来了。MyfamilyismovingtoBeijingnextmonth.我们家下个月要搬到北京。【例题】Whereisyourfather,Mike?—He_______inthekitchen.A.cooksB.cookedC.iscookingD.hascooked【即学即用】Look!Jane’sgrandmother_______withsomeagedpeopleinthepark.A.dancesB.dancedC.isdancingD.wasdancing【要点3】一般将来时1.构成：动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。shall用于第一人称作主语，will用于第二、三人称作主语。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称，一般也用will。在口语中，常用shall。will的缩写形式’ll，shallnot的缩写形式为：shan’t,willnot的缩写形式为：won’t。详见下表：肯定式否定式疑问式I(We)shall/willgothere.I(We)shall/willnotgothere.ShallI(we)gothere?You(He,She,They)willgothere.You(He,She,They)willnotgothere.Willyou(he,she,they)gothere?2.用法a．willdo结构：表示将要发生的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nexttime,nextyear,inafewday,inthefuture,soon,fromnowon,in+一段时间，等。例如:I'llgoandseehernextFriday.我下周五去看她。b．begoingtodo结构：表示说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事，begoingto结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如:Lookattheseblackclouds.Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。c.therebe句型的一般将来时：表示将来某地会有某人或某物，构成为：therewillbe或thereis/aregoingtobe,用is或are要看后面的名词。否定句在will后加not，疑问句把will提到there前。例如:Therewillbeafootballmatchinourschooltomorrow.

明天在我们学校将有一场足球比赛。小贴士therewillbe句型只表示物体所处的地点，存在的人或物并不属于某个地方，所以句中不能出现表示拥有关系的have或therewillbe句型只表示物体所处的地点，存在的人或物并不属于某个地方，所以句中不能出现表示拥有关系的have或has；句中的be只能使用原形，不能变化成它的具体形式。Lookattheblackclouds.It________tomorrow.A.rains B.willbegoingtorainC.isgoingtorainD.begoingtorain【即学即用】There_______ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.isgoingtobeB.willbegoingtoC.willgoingtobeD.willgotobe【要点4】一般过去时1.构成：一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。肯定式否定式疑问式一般动词I(You,He,She,We,They)workedthere.I(You,He,She,We,They)didnotworkthere.Didyou(I,he,she,we,they)workthere?be动词I(He,She,It)wasthere.We(You,They)werethereI(He,She,It)wasnotthere.We(You,They)werenotthere.WasI(he,she,it)there?Wereyou(we,they)there?have动词I(You,He,She,We,They)hadbooks.I(You,He,She,We,They)hadnot/didn'thaveanybooksHadI(you,he,she,we,they)anybooks?或DidI(you,he)haveanybooks?2.用法表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday（前几天）,justnow,onceuponatime,in+过去时间,intheolddays,atthattime/moment,afewdays/months/weeks/yearsago等。例如：HeleftforBeijingyesterdaymorning.他昨天上午到北京去了。【例题】IhavebeentoShanghai.I________therelastmonth.A.goB.wentC.goesD.goto【即学即用】—"

Tomvisithisuncleyesterday

afternoon?"

—"No,he

."A.Did;did

B.Did;didn't

C.Does;doesn't

D.Do;don't课后作业习文练笔[题目要求]写一封信给你的笔友，介绍你家人的情况。[词汇热身]①又高又瘦______________②看书______________③上班______________④步行______________[连句成篇]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二讲时态辨析一、课程介绍知识点1.一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析2.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析3.一般将来时begoingto与will的辨析教学重点1.一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析2.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析3.一般将来时begoingto与will的辨析教学难点1.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析2.一般将来时begoingto与will的辨析二、要点回顾（一）填空1.are→_________(过去式）2.sit→_________(现在分词)3.see→_________（过去式）4.study→_________（现在分词）5.have→_________(三单形式）（二）用单词的适当形式填空1.Look!Yourbrother__________inthebasketballmatch.(play)2.Icalledyou,butnobodyanswered.Where__________you.(be)3.He___________toChangshanextweek.(go)4.I_________myhomework.Ican’tjoinyou.(finish)5.Hewentintohisroom,____________

thelightandbegantowork.(turnon)三、知识精要时态用法一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般过去时表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。四、要点讲练【要点1】一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析一般现在时一般过去时Weoftenswimintheriverinsummer.(经常)IstudyEnglishhere.（现在）Weoftenswamintheriverwhenwewerechildren.（过去）IstudiedEnglishhere.（过去）表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或说话时的短暂动作；状态动词表现在的状态。表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；状态动词表过去的状态。注意：本句中学生易受often的影响，用成一般现在时。同时注意表示过去常常做某事也可用usedtodo的结构进行表示。小贴士1.1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5．不规则动词过去式：

am/is-was

,are-were,

do-did,

see-saw,

say-said

,give-gave,

get-got,

go-went,

come-came,

have-had,eat-ate,

take-took,

run-ran,

sing-sang,

put-put,make-made,

read-read,

write-wrote,draw-drew,

drink-drank,

fly-flew,

ride-rode,

speak-spoke,

等。【例题】Thetwins_______inDalianlastyear．They_______herenow．A．are;wereB．were;areC．was;areD．were;was【即学即用】Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit__________.(happen)【要点2】一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析一般现在时现在进行时Mywatchworkswell.(经常)TheyliveinShanghai.(经常)Thebusstops.(迅速)Mywatchisworkingwell.（暂时）TheyarelivinginShanghai.（暂时）Thebusisstopping.(慢慢)表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或说话时短暂动作；状态动词表现在的状态。侧重说明事实。表示现在暂时性的动作或此刻进行中的持续性动作，侧重在动作持续的暂时的持续性。可有感情色彩。【例题】-WhereisMichael?-He__________(watch)TVathome,Ithink.【即学即用】AlthoughBillisn’trich,heoften_______(give)moneytothepoor【要点3】一般将来时begoingto与will的辨析形式-Whyareyoutakingdownallthepictures?-Iamgoingtorepainttheroom.-Thisboxisterriblyheavy.-I’llhelpyoutocarryit.相同点形式上加动词原形；内容上都能表示意图不同点begoingto表示事先经过考虑的意图或者已有迹象表明将要发生或出现的情况;will表示临时的意图begoingto可以用于条件状语从句will不能用于条件状语，从句中表示将来表示即将发生某事时，口语中多用begoingto表示即将发生某事时，书面语中多用will【例题】Shehasboughtsomecloth;she__________________(make)herselfadress.【即学即用】-Whereisthetelephonebook?--I__________(get)itforyou.

课后作业习文练笔亲爱的同学们，你们的小学生活即将结束。在6年的小学阶段，你一定有不少的变化吧。请你根据自己，告诉我们你的变化吧！不少于60个词。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第三讲情态动词一、课程介绍知识点1.情态动词的定义2.情态动词的用法3.不同情态动词的区别教学重点1.情态动词的用法2.不同情态动词的区别教学难点不同情态动词的区别二、要点回顾根据中文意思，完成句子1.她能游得很快，但我不能。She____________fast,butIcan’t.2.他十岁时就会写诗。He_____________poemswhenhewas10.3.明天可能会下雨。It______raintomorrow.4.你必须完成作业。You______finishyourhomework.5.我需要马上做这件事情。I_______________itrightnow.三、知识精要情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会can’t不能，不会could能够，会couldn’t不能，不会may可能，可以mayn’t可能不，不可以must必须mustn’t不允许，禁止should应该shouldn’t不应该need需要needn’t不必will将会，愿won’t不会，不愿四、要点讲练【要点1】情态动词的定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.（能力）Youmustobeytheschoolrules.(命令)【要点2】情态动词的用法1.特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或未来。2.位置：在陈述句中，情态动词放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前；疑问句中，则放在主语之前。Hecouldbeheresoon.I’msorry,Ican’thelpyou.Icanseeyou.Comehere.Hemusthavebeenaway.【要点3】不同情态动词的区别1.can1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Canyouliftthisheavybox?（体力）Marycanspeakthreelanguages.（知识）Canyouskate?（技能）2)表示请求和允许。-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Canthisbetrue?Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.Howcanthisbetrue?小贴士couldcould是can的过去式，could也能用在现在时使语气更加的委婉。can和could只能用于现在时和过去式两种时态，将来时态用beableto来表示。【例题】--Canyourideahorse?--No,I_______.A.needn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.mustn’t【即学即用】翻译句子。我现在可以回家吗？_______________________________2.may1）表示请求和允许。否定回答时可用can’t

或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。Youmaytakethebookhome.----

May

I

smoke

in

this

room?

----

No,

you

mustn’t.

----

May

I

take

this

book

out

of

the

room?

----

Yes,

you

can.

(No,

you

can’t

/

mustn’t)2）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。He

may

be

very

busy

now.

Your

mother

may

not

know

the

truth.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May

you

succeed!Mayyouhappy!小贴士1.1.用May

I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can

I...?在口语中更常见。2.might是may的过去式,有两种用法,一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉,客气或对可能性的怀疑。【例题】--MayIridethehorse?--No,you_______.A.needn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.mustn’t【即学即用】翻译句子。我可以用你的车吗？_______________________________3.must1)表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事Imustfinishmyworktoday.Youmustreturnthemoneytoday.HemustbethemanIamlookingfor.2)must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句），意思为“一定是,必然……”。You’re

Tom’s

good

friend,

so

you

must

know

what

he

likes

best.

Your

mother

must

be

waiting

for

you

now.小贴士mustmust的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。

在回答由must引起的疑问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t,

don’t

have

to（不必要）。【例题】We_______throwthewasteinthezoo.A.needn’tB.don’tC.can’tD.mustn’t【即学即用】翻译句子。我妈妈生病了，我必须在家照顾她。_______________________________4.should表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、征求、劝告、建议等Youshouldhandintheexercisebook.Thisshouldbenoproblem.WhyshouldImeethim?【例题】He________moreflowers,andheshouldn’tcutanyflowers.A.shouldn’tplantB.shouldplantsC.shouldn’tplantingD.shouldplant【即学即用】翻译句子。你应该早早地起床。_______________________________5.need作为情态动词，用法与其他情态动词一样，但nee还可用作实意动词，与其他动词一样，有第三人称、单复数，后面需加动词不定式。Ineedabiketogotoschool.Sheneedsabook.Sheneedstofinishherhomework.【例题】IamsotiredthatI______gohomeandhavearestnow.A.needn’tB.needtoC.canD.will【即学即用】翻译句子。我需要你的帮助。_______________________________6.will1)

做助动词，表示一般将来时，将要。

He

will

be

home

at

six.

Bob

will

leave

school

next

month.

2)

作为情态动词时表示“愿意”“意愿”“会”。

I

will

help

you.

I

will

never

do

that

again.

Will

/

Would

you

pass

me

the

ball,

please?

【例题】I________doitagain,that’sthelasttime.A.needn’tB.won’tC.can’tD.mustn’t【即学即用】翻译句子。我会帮助你的。_______________________________

第四讲融会贯通一、知识精要时态结构用法一般现在时am/is/are/do表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。现在进行时am/is/are+doing表示说话时正在进行的动作。一般将来时will+do/am/is/aregoingtodo表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般过去时was/were/did表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会can’t不能，不会could能够，会couldn’t不能，不会may可能，可以mayn’t可能不，不可以must必须mustn’t不允许，禁止should应该shouldn’t不应该need需要needn’t不必will将会，愿won’t不会，不愿二、习题大熔炉（一）写出下列单词的三单形式、过去式和现在分词形式take_________________________________do________________________________eat________________________________live________________________________help________________________________have_________________________________feel_________________________________go_________________________________（二）用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Ioften_______(do)myhomeworkintheevening.ButyesterdayeveningI_______(watch)TV.2.----DidMike_______(go)swimming?----No,he_______(do).3.I_______(cook)noodlesyesterday.4.I_______(wake)upat7o’clockthismorning.5.I’mgoingto_______(have)anartclassnextweekend.6.Boboften______(help)hismotherwiththehouseworkonSundays.7.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hesaidthattheearth________(go)roundthesun.8.Let’s_______bybus.(go)9.MustI_______homenow?No,youcanstayhere.(go)10.Couldyou______meahand.(give)（三）单项选择()1.Howmanystudents_______inyourclass?A.arethereB.isthereC.thereare()2.Where______you_______onyourholiday?A.did;goBdid;doC.did;went()3.She______lastweekend.drankteaB.buygiftsC.isgoingtovisithergrandparents()4.Heusually_______ontheweekends.A.readsbooksB.sleptC.seeafilm()5.I_______itwastoocold,andI_______gocamping.A.think;can’tB.thought;couldn’tC.thinkcouldn’t()6.You_______goandseeadoctorbecauseyouhadafever(发烧).A.couldB.mightC.should()7.—When_______you_______thebike?—Lastmonth.A.have;boughtB.did;buyC.do;buy()8.Hisuncle_______inthreedays.A.willreturn B.returns C.returned()9.Couldyousee_______atnight?A.starB.starsC.stares()10.Chen

Ling

_______

some

pictures

of

Big

Ben

last

year.

A.

took

B.

rode

C

.hurt()11.Look!

Lucy

_______

under

the

tree.

A.

reads

B.

is

reading

C.

read()12.Canyouspeak

English?

-

No,

I

_______.

A.

mustn't

B.

can't

C.

couldn't

()13.Jim

_______come

tonight,

but

he

isn't

very

sure

yet.

A.

should

B.

might

C.

would

()14.The

children_______play

football

on

the

road.

A.

could

B.

must

C.

mustn't()15.You_______watch

TV

after

finishing

your

homework.

A.

would

B.

can

C.

should()16.Thefamouswriter_______onenewbooknow.A.iswritingB.writesC.wrote()17.Myfriend,Lucy

_______

fromCanada.A.

are

B.come

C.comes

()18.-lsshe

_______something?Isitfish?-Yes.Wouldyoulike_______?A.eat,eats

B.eating;toeat

C.toeat;eating

()19.—Hurryup!It’stimetoleave.—OK._______A.I’mcoming.B.I’llcome.C.I’vecome.()20.MustIgohomenow?No,you_______stayhere.

A.

can

B.

must

C.

should（四）连词成句1.knowyoudohowthat(?)______________________________________________________wastherelibrarynomyinschoolold(.)_____________________________________________________couldn’tmybikerideI(.)______________________________________________________amIclassinactiveverynow(?)______________________________________________________nogymtherewasmyschoolinagoyearstwenty(.)______________________________________________________（五）句型转换。1.He

has

a

piece

of

bread

for

breakfast

every

day.

（就划线部分提问）

_________

_________

_________

__________

for

breakfast

every

day?

Jackie

has

lunch

at

schoo1．(改为一般疑问句)

_________

Jackie

__________

lunch

at

school

?

John

usually

brushes

his

teeth

before

he

goes

to

bed.(用what对划线部分提问)

What

_______

John

usually

_______

before

he

goes

to

bed.They

go

to

bed

early.(改为一般疑问句)

________

they

________

to

bed

early?Mrs.

Smith

is

busy

now.

She

is

doing

her

housework

at

home.

(把句子改写成一句)

Mrs.

Smith

is

________

________

her

housework

at

home.6.

I

am

very

busy

now.

(改为同义句)

I

am

very

busy

________

_________________.

7.

I

picked

oranges

on

the

farm

last

week.（对划线部分提问）

________

________you

________

oranges

last

week?8.We

ate

lots

of

delicious

food

last

Spring

Festival.（改为一般疑问句）

________

you

________

lots

of

delicious

food

last

Spring

Festival?

9.Lily

likes

spring

best.（对划线部分提问）

________

season

________

Lily

like

best?

10.Youcantakethisbook.（改为否定句）_________________________________（六）习文练笔[题目要求]上周末，外面正在下雨，你和你的家人不得不呆在家里。你们都做了什么？请用一般过去时记录下你和家人的周末。首句已给出。[思路点拨]1．时态：一般过去时；人称：第一人称和第三人称。2．可使用一些固定的句型结构，注意人称以及动词的过去式。[词汇热身]①待在家里______________②打扫房间______________③看报纸______________④一起______________[连句成篇]Itwasrainylastweekend.MyfamilyandI_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第一讲要点回顾：iswatchingreadskeepboughttook要点1BC要点2CC要点3CA要点4BB习文练笔【参考范文】DearAmy,MynameisSarah.I’m13.I’mtallandthin.Ilikeswimming.Myfatheris40.He’stalla