专题19情态动词（原卷版）

01情态动词can和could的用法1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。Themachinecanwork24hoursaday.这台机器能全天24小时运行。WhenIwasincollege,Icouldstayupallnightstudying.上大学时，我能通宵学习。2.表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。Shecan'tbeinthelibrary.Ijustsawherleavetheschool.她不可能在图书馆。我刚看见她离开学校了。Thiscouldbetherightanswer,butlet'scheckagain.这可能是正确答案，但我们再检查一下吧。3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。Canyouhelpmecarrythisbag?你能帮我提这个包吗？Couldyoupleaseopenthewindow?您能开一下窗户吗？4.couldhavedone表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’thavedone表示“不可能做了某事”。Shecouldhavetoldmethetruth,butshechosetolie.她本可以告诉我真相，但她选择了撒谎。Theycouldn’thavearrivedyet.Theflightwasdelayedfor3hours.他们不可能已经到了。航班延误了3小时。5.beabletodo表示“能够做某事”，不能与can连用，但有更多时态。was/wereabletodo表示过去能够而且做到了某事。Hehasbeenabletosolvetheproblemafterseveralattempts.经过几次尝试，他终于能解决这个问题了。Thefirefighterswereabletosaveallthepeopleintheburningbuilding.消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的所有人。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.—thetrafficaccidenthavehappenedlastevening？Yes.TheYes.Themanwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.2.Ithankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3.Shedidn’tetoschoolyesterday.shehavebeenill?4.Youcould(claim)thecostofthehotelroomfromyourinsurance,butyoudidn’t.5.I(pass)myexam,butImadetoomanystupidmistakes.02情态动词may和might的用法1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”，用在疑问句中表示“请求”。MayIleaveearlytoday?我今天可以早点走吗？Youmightborrowthecarifyouaskpolitely.如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。2.might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小，把握把握不大。may/mighthavedone表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。Hemightbebusy,butI’mnotsure.他可能很忙，但我不确定。Shemayhaveforgottenthemeeting.她可能忘了开会这件事。3.may/mightwelldosth意为“很可能”,may/mightaswelldosth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事”。Shemightwellbelate.Thetrafficisterribletoday.她很可能会迟到。今天交通太堵了。Youmayaswelltakeanumbrella.Itlookslikerain.你不妨带把伞。天看起来要下雨了。4.“Mayyou+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！”。Mayyouhaveasafejourney!祝你旅途平安！Maypeacefollowyouwhereveryougo!愿平安与你同在！【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Weaswelltakethesubwaytogettheresincethetrafficissobad.2.Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.3.Lizawellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.4.Heetothepartytonight,butheisn’tsure.5.Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyouwellnotrecognizeher.01情态动词must和haveto的用法1.must表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't，意为“不允许，禁止。Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforedinner.你必须在晚饭前完成作业。Youmustn'tsmokeinthelibrary.禁止在图书馆吸烟。2.must表示“推测”，意为“一定是，准是"，只用于肯定句中。mustbedoing肯定正在做某事；musthavedone表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“肯定已经做了”。You’vebeenworkingallday.Youmustbetired.你工作了一整天，一定很累。Hedidn’tanswerthephone.Hemustbetakingashower.他没接电话，一定在洗澡。Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。3.haveto表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，否定式为don’thaveto，相当于needn't。Theyhadtowalkhomebecausethebusdidn’te.公交车没来，他们不得不步行回家。Hedoesn’thavetofinishthereporttoday.It’sduenextweek.他不必今天完成报告，截止日期是下周。4.must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之”的情绪。Thecar

must

breakdownonthehighway!车子偏要在高速上抛锚！Ifyoumustgoouttonight,atleasttakeanumbrella.如果你今晚偏要出去，至少带把伞。Whymustyouleavethedooropen?

It’sfreezingoutside!你为什么偏要把门开着？外面冷死了！【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Johnny,younotplaywiththeknife.youhurtyourself.2.—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.3.Wendywasdancingwithjoy.Shemust(win)thegoldmedalinthetournament.4.Ididn’thearthephone.Ihavebeenasleep.5.You(be)Carol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.02情态动词shall,should和oughtto的用法1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。Shallwegoforawalkafterdinner?晚饭后我们去散步好吗？Shallthereportbesenttoyoubyemail?这份报告用邮件发给你可以吗？2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。Heshallhavethebookbytomorrow,Ipromise.我保证他明天之前会拿到这本书。Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbeheldresponsible.任何违法者都必须承担责任。3.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”；should还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于Itisnecessarythat…句型。Thetrain

should

arriveat9:30.It’sneverlate.火车按道理9:30到，它从不晚点。It’sridiculousthathe

should

lietohisownparents.他居然对自己的父母撒谎，太荒谬了。4.shouldhavedone表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。She

shouldhaveaccepted

thejoboffer.Itwasagreatopportunity.她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。He

shouldn’thavedriven

sofast.Nowhe’sgotaspeedingticket.他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。5.should/oughtto表示责任，义务，意为“应该”，否定式为shouldnot/oughtnotto。You

oughttoapologize

foryourrudeness.你应该为你的粗鲁道歉。Asamanager,you

oughttohaveaddressed

theproblemearlier.作为经理，你本应该更早处理这个问题。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Noreadertakeabookoutofthelibrarywithoutpermissionofthelibrarian.2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.3.Don’tworry,yougettheanswerthisafternoon.4.Whatdoyoumean?Thereareonlytentickets?Therebetwelve.5.Youcan’timagineawellbehavedmanbesorudetoalady.6.Sheought(stop)work;shehasaheadachebecauseshehasbeenreadingalldaylong.7.Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.8.Wefiguredthatintwentyyearseachofusought(build)alifeandmadeourfortunes.9.Onlywhentheresultscameoutdidherealizethatheshould(devote)himselftohisstudies,butitwastoolate.10.Ishouldn’t(stay)uplastnight,orIwouldn’tbesosleepynow.01情态动词will和would的用法1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。Willyoucallmewhenyouarrive?你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？Wouldyouhelpmewiththisform?您能帮我填一下这张表吗？2.will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。He

will

notlistentoanyone’sadvice.他不肯听任何人的劝告。He

would

oftensitbythewindow,lostinthought.他过去常常坐在窗边发呆。3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。Willyouwaitformeattheentrance?你能在入口处等我吗？Wouldyouliketohaveacupoftea?您想喝杯茶吗？4.wouldhavedone多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。We

wouldhavearrived

ontimeifthebus

hadn’tbrokendown.如果公交车没坏，我们本会准时到的。Withoutyourhelp,I

wouldn’thavefinished

theproject.没有你的帮助，我本完不成这个项目的。5.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，woulddo还可以表示过去将来时；would用于一般疑问句，表示委婉的用法。Wouldyouplease….?请你……好吗？Wouldyouliketodo…?你想……吗？Wouldyouminddoing…?你介意……吗？Wouldyouratherdo…?你倒愿意……吗？Wouldyoupassthemenu,please?请您把菜单递给我好吗？Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?您介意等几分钟吗？Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoor?您能开一下门吗？【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Don’tgetthiskindofinkonyourshirt,forit______washout.2.Itwassaidthattheoldladysitunderthebigtree,waitingforhersontoreturnfromthefront.3.We(give)youahelpinghand,butwedidn’tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime.4.It’sapitythatyouwerelate,otherwiseyou(see)thestarfromKorea.5.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldnot(win)firstprizeinthecontestlastterm.02情态动词need和dare的用法1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’thavedone表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。Sheneedn’tworryabouttheexam—she’swellprepared.她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。Sheneedn’thavehurriedtotheairport.Theflightwasdelayedfor2hours.她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了2小时。2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。needdoing=needtobedone表示需要做。Dotheyneedtobookahotelinadvance?他们需要提前预订酒店吗？Thebrokenwindowneedstoberepaired.这扇破窗户需要被修理。3.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。Idaresay...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.她晚上不敢独自外出。Darehespeakinfrontofthewholeclass?他敢在全班面前发言吗？Shedarednotgooutalonewhenshewasachild.她小时候不敢独自外出。4.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。Shedidn’tdare(to)tellhimthebadnews.她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。Didtheydare(to)arguewiththeteacher?他们敢和老师争论吗？【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Iworryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeites.2.Wesuggestthedataneed(update)everymonth.3.Heneedn’t(take)somuchcashwithhim,youknow—thatshopacceptedchecks.4.ButtherearestillsomedishesthatDadnottryevenaftermanyyearsofmarriagetomymother.5.Younotreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.情态动词+havedone的用法1.can’thavedone表示“不可能做了某事”。Thebabycan’thaveeatenawholecake.

She’sonlyoneyearold.宝宝不可能吃掉一整块蛋糕，她才一岁。Hecan’thavefinishedtheworkinanhour.

It’stooplicated.他不可能一小时内完成这项工作，太复杂了。2.couldhavedone用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。couldn’thavedone表示“不可能做了某事”。He

couldhavebee

adoctor,buthegaveuptheopportunity.他本可以成为一名医生，但他放弃了这个机会。She

couldn’thaveforgotten

yourbirthday.Youremindedhertwice.她不可能忘记你的生日，你提醒过她两次了。3.may/mighthavedone用于肯定或否定句中，表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。She

mayhaveforgotten

ourappointment.She’sbeenreallybusylately.她也许已经忘了我们的约会，她最近太忙了。He

mighthavemade

amistakeinthereport,butI’mnotsure.他可能在报告里犯了个错，但我不确定。4.musthavedone只用于肯定句，表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”。Thedoorislocked.They

musthaveleft

already.门锁着，他们一定已经走了。Hedidn’tanswerthephone.He

musthavebeen

busyatthatmoment.他没接电话，那时候准是在忙。5.should/oughttohavedone表示“本应该做某事而没有做”;shouldn’thavedone表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。You

shouldn’thavelied

toyourparents.Theytrustyou.你本不该对父母撒谎的，他们信任你。She

shouldn’thaveopened

yourletterwithoutpermission.她本不该未经允许就拆你的信。6.needn’thavedone表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。We

needn’thaveprepared

somuchfood.Onlyfiveguestscame.我们本没必要准备这么多食物，只来了五位客人。I

needn’thavebought

anewumbrella—theoldonestillworks.我本没必要买新伞的，旧的还能用。【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。1.Thespokesmandidnotregretwhathehadsaidattheconferencebutfeltthathecould(express)itindirectly.2.YouhaveseenMaryatthemeetingthismorning,becausesheleftforBeijingyesterday.3.Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.Youhaveinformedhimofthetime.4.Youshouldn’t(go)withouttellingus.Wewerereallyconcernedaboutyou.5.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemust(fix)thedooronhisown.Itlooksgoodthough.6.Hehavepletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.7.Ineedn’t(buy)somuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.8.XiaoMingwasabsentyesterday.Hemight(catch)acold,butI’mnotsure.9.SuddenlyitoccurredtomethatIhaveleftmysuitcaseinthetaxi.ButIwasnotsure.10.Icouldn’t（go）throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.情态动词情态动词综合能力提升一、单项选择1.（2023·天津卷）We_________botherwithdetails,forourteammateswilldoeverythingintheirpowertohelpus.A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t2.（2021·天津卷）Ihonestlydon'tthinkI'mgoingtobeadmitted.Well,youneverknow!You________abetterimpressionthanyouthink.A.mayhavemadeB.shouldhavemadeC.couldn'thavemadeD.needn'thavemade3.（2021·天津卷）Itusedtobethatyou__________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A.need B.should C.could D.must4.（2020·江苏卷）IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_____whereIam.A.won’tbe B.wouldn’thavebeen C.wouldn’tbe D.shouldn’thavebeen5.（2018·天津·高考卷）Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleaveB.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft6.（2020·天津卷）You____________havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't7.（2018·天津卷）—What’swrongwiththedoor?—Thekeyhasgotstuckinitand______eout.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t8.（2019·天津卷）Pauldidagreatjobinthespeechcontest.He_________manytimeslastweek.A.needhavepractised B.mightpractiseC.musthavepractised D.couldpractise9.（2015·天津卷）I______haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.A.mightn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t D.couldn’t10.（2015·重庆卷）You________beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.A.must B.can C.will D.shall11.（2015·福建卷）—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.A.must B.can C.would D.should12.（2014·重庆卷）I’veorderedsomepizza,sowe_______worryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.A.can’t B.darenot C.needn’t D.maynot13.（2017·天津·高考卷）Myroomisamess,butI__________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.A.daren’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’t D.mustn’t14.（2011·重庆卷）—Whydidn’tyouetoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimply________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.couldB.mightC.would D.should15.（2011·北京卷）—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He______________e.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnot B.neednot C.wouldnot D.mightnot二、单句填空。1.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;I_