初升高语法衔接第1讲十大词类八种句子成分和三大句型课件

第1讲十大词类和八种句子成分初升高英语完美衔接PART1一、十大词类一句话记住十大词类Wow!Thebeautifulgirlgavetwokissestohimandrunawayquickly!口诀助记十大词:________________________________________感叹词冠词形容词名词动词数词名词介词代词连词动词副词副词动名形副，介冠代连，感叹和数一、十大词类分类名称词性意义重要考点实词（有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分）名词n.命名万事万物：分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词可分为__________和__________可数名词变复数、常见不可数名词、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化代词pron.代名词：__________、__________、__________、_______________等各种代词的用法；it的用法动词v.表动作或状态：包括__________、__________、__________和__________谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；非谓语动词形容词adj.修饰__________或__________形容词变副词；形容词、副词的比较级和最高级；动词、名词变形容词；易混形容词，副词辨析副词adv.修饰__________、__________、__________或__________数词num.表数量/顺序：分为__________和__________基数词和序数词的用法可数名词不可数名词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词行为动词/实义动词系动词助动词情态动词名词代词动词形容词另外一个副词整个句子基数词序数词不定代词一、十大词类分类名称缩写意义重要考点虚词（无实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分）介词prep.介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面介词的用法及固定搭配连词conj.分为__________和__________并列连词和从属连词的用法冠词art.用于_________前或“形容词修饰的名词”，帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词冠词的用法及搭配感叹词int.表语气了解实词可以____________________，虚词不可以____________________名词动名词doing代词宾语从句并列连词从属连词名词单独做句子成分单独做句子成分1.Young__________(child)satunderatreewithgreen__________(leaf)andtalkedabouttheirdreams.Some__________(student)dreamwasthattheyhopedtheywouldbecamegreat__________(music).2.Mr.Zhangis__________(we)Englishteacherandhealwayshelps__________(I)learnEnglishpatiently.Hetaught

__________(he)whenhewasyoung.Iconsiderhimafriendof__________(I).3.Theboy’sfather__________(pass)awaytwoyearsago,__________(leave)himagreatsumofmoney.4.Inthepastfewyears,greatchanges__________(take)placeinourhometown.一、十大词类childrenleavesstudents’musiciansourhimselfmeminepassedleavinghavetaken5.__________(unlucky),theoldmanwas__________(serious)hurtintheaccident.Butdoctorswere__________(amaze)thatthemanrecoveredmuch_______(quickly)thanexpected..6.__________(hundred)ofguestsgatheredtocelebratetheoldman’s_______(ninety-nine)birthday.Althoughtheoldmanwasinhis__________(ninety),hewasingoodhealth.7.________acoldmorning,agroup____policemensearchedtheforest________themurderer（杀人犯）.8.Theysearchedeverywhere__________stillcouldn’tfindthemurder__________killedthewoman.9.As______universitystudent,Iwasmovedby________movieMypeople,Mycountry《我和我的祖国》.一、十大词类HundredsofninetiesOnforbutaninety-ninthwho/thattheUnluckilyserioulyamazedmorequicklyPART2二、八大句子成分一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分IsawmyfriendJackdancingintheroomandhewashappy.口诀助记八大句子成分:_____________________________________________主语谓语定语宾语同位语宾补状语主谓语（系动词）表语句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表，定状补，还要加上同位语。二、八大句子成分的符号和缩写主语S谓语V宾语O表语P定语Att.状语A.补语C同位语App.一、主语

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular. WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass. One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls. Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure. Smokingdoesharmtothehealth. Therichshouldhelpthepoor. WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided. Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.结论：概念：主语是“动作的发出者”或”表述的对象

位置：通常句首

词性：名词、代词、数词、todo,doing,从句等。二、谓语Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wewerebeatenbytheirteam.Theplanetookoffat10’clock.Wearestudents.结论：概念：谓语是句子的灵魂，用来”陈述主语的状态“或“表明主语发出的动作“

位置：一般在主语之后

词性：动词

构成：简单谓语（实义动词或动词短语）

复合谓语（情态动词+动词原形

或

助动词+实义动词）三、表语Pleasekeepquiet.（系动词）

Heseemstoberight.（系动词） Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词） Threetimessevenistwentyone（数词） Hishobby

isplayingfootball.（doing） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语） Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词） Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（从句）结论：只存在主系表结构中概念：说明主语的性质、状态等。位置：位于系动词之后词性：名词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、从句，todo，doing等四、宾语

Couldyoupleasebringmeabook?

Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday. Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.4. Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.结论：概念：动作的承受者位置：常位于及物动词或者介词之后词性：名词类、代词类、数词、形容词、todo,doing从句等。doubleobjects（双宾语）1.Hegivesmeasmile.2.Ipassedhimabook.间接宾语+直接宾语=双宾语（1）v.+（指人）间接宾语+（指物)直接宾语（2）结构：v.+sb.+sth.=v.+sth.to/forsb.间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语常见的接双宾语的授予动词：buy,sell,send,give,lend,borrow,show,teach,bring,tell,pay,offer等五、补语HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.结论：概念：补充说明主语或宾语分类：宾语补足语和主语补足语词性：名词类、形容词、数词、介词短语、todo、doing、done等。complexobject（复合宾语）1.Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed.2.Iheardhimsinging.宾语补足语宾语补足语

宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语

（1）宾补位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的成分（2）结构：v+sb+（to)do/doing/done/adj/adv/名词短语/介词短语常见的接复合宾语的感官动词：see/watch/notice/observe/lookat,let/make/have,hear/listento,feeldoing+sb.dodoneDoubleobjectsorcomplexobject?(1双宾语还是2宾补？）1.Marylentmehercar.2.Theyelectedhimmonitor.3.Davidshowedmetheway.4.Isenthimanemail.5.Myfatherhadthecarrepairedyesterday.6.IwillinviteyoutopayavisittotheChinesepaper-cutting.7.PleaseallowmetobringyoutheChinesepainting.8.IfinditusefultoreadEnglisheverymorning.12112222Tips:1看是否为授予动词2看是否补充说明了宾语二、八大句子成分定语：修饰名词或代词,如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语。Guilinisabeautiful

city.Theboyunderthetree

isTomTheboycryingoverthere

ismysister.Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterday

isanexpert.形容词介词短语动名词从句结论：作用：修饰名词或代词词性：名词类、形容词、介词短语、todo、doing、done.从句等。二、八大句子成分状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子,说明动作的1时间、2地点、3目的、4原因、5结果、6条件、7方式、8程度、9让步、10伴随等Hedoeshishomeworkcarefully

inhisstudy

everymorning.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.Shestudieshardtogetgoodgrades.Theboyisvery

strongandrunsextremelyfast.Eventhoughitwasraining,theywentout.Walkingdownthestreet,shesawanoldfriend.方式状语地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语程度状语结论：作用：修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子词性：名词，副词、介词短语、todo、doing、done.从句等。让步状语伴随状语二、八大句子成分同位语：当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。Miss.Yang,myEnglishteacher,isverystrict.WeChinesepeoplearehardworking.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.TheideathatIcanbeamillionaireisimpossible.解释说明人名解释说明news内容结论：作用：解释说明另一个句子成分词性：名词，副词、介词短语、todo、doing、done.从句等。解释说明人解释说明idea内容二、八大句子成分主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)IamanexchangestudentfromtheUK.Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Tostartmywoncompanyismydream.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.ItisusefultolearnEnglish.Thericharenotalwayshappy.HowtolearnEnglishwelltroublesme.代词动名词doing不定式todo主语从句it作形式主语the+形容词表一类人疑问词+不定式二、八大句子成分谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后HepractisesspeakingEnglisheveryday.Heisanexcellentteacher.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Iwouldstayathomeallday.行为动词系动词系动词+doing情态动词+行为动词原形/系动词原形二、八大句子成分宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后Hewrotealettertome.Iwanttovisitthemuseum.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithinkthatheisfitforthejob.IfindithardtolearnEnglish.Weshouldhelpthepoor.Idon’tknowwheretogo.名词不定式todo动名词doing短语宾语从句it作形式宾语the+形容词表一类人疑问词+不定式todo表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态I’mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Thefoodtastesgood.Themachineisunderrepair.MydreamistobeanEnglishteacher.Myhobbyisplayingfootball.Thenewsisexciting.Ifeelexcited.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.Thewarwasover.二、八大句子成分名词形容词介词短语todo不定式动名词doing现在分词doing/过去分词done表语从句副词二、八大句子成分补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明HisfathernamedhimGoudan.Thenewsmakeshimsad.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Itallowspeopletogetclosetonature./Itmakesuscry.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Ifoundmymoneystolen.名词形容词介词短语不定式形容词动名词/现在分词过去分词二、八大句子成分定语：修饰名词或代词,如果定语是一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；但如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语Guilinisabeautifulcity.TheboyunderthetreeisTomTheboycryingoverthereismysister.Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisanexpert.形容词介词短语动名词定语从句二、八大句子成分状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子,说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征Hedoeshishomeworkcarefully

inhisstudy

everymorning.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.Annahadaterribleaccidentwhenshewassix.Theboyisverystrongandrunsextremelyfast.方式状语地点状语时间状语原因状语时间状语程度状语二、八大句子成分英语句子成分歌（RAP）

英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；

补语跟着宾语跑，

定语同位把名词踹。

状语的位置自由自在，

忽左忽右随心摇摆。它的毛病真呀真不少，

前后乱窜还会加塞。练习1.读句子并说出单词的词性和句子的成分。

IamLiHua,aboyof16.IlikemusicverymuchbecauseIhavebeenfondofsingingsinceIwasachild.Ifinditinterestingtoteachmyselfmusicinmysparetime.练习2.分析划线部分的句子成分并把句子翻译成汉语。1.Recently

I

havecarriedout

asurvey

amongthestudentsinourclass.2.Oneday

someofmystudents

weretalkingabout

whattheywouldliketobeinthefuture.3.Music

canmake

ourmind

peaceful

afterawholedayoftiringwork.4.Themeeting

heldyesterday

was

important.5.Everyday

he

wasforced

towork

frommorningtillnight.6.Word

came

thatthemayor(市长)wouldpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.Analysethesentencestructure判断句子结构Plantsneedwater.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.H