国开(中央电大)专科《理工英语1》网上形考试题与答案

国开(中央电大)专科《理工英语1》网上形考试题与答案Unit1CampusLifeTask1ListeningComprehension(每题2分，共10分)SectionALongConversation1.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.InthelibraryB.InthecanteenC.Intheregistrar’sofficeD.Inthedormitory答案：C2.Whatisthemanmainlyworriedabout?A.HisGPAB.HisscholarshipC.HisdormapplicationD.Hisvisaexpiration答案：B3.Howmanycreditsmustthemancompletethissemestertokeepthescholarship?A.14B.16C.18D.20答案：C4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingfirst?A.DroppinganelectiveB.TalkingtothecounselorC.ChangingmajorsD.Applyingforaloan答案：B5.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.FillinanonlinepetitionB.AttendamakeupexamC.VisittheFinancialAidOfficeD.Emailthedean答案：ASectionBPassage6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowtochooseadormB.HowtosaveontextbooksC.HowtousethemakerspaceD.Howtojoinastudentclub答案：C7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTfreeinthemakerspace?A.3-DprintingmaterialB.LasercutterinductionC.ArduinoboardsD.VRheadsets答案：A8.Whencangraduatestudentsaccessthemakerspace?A.24/7B.8a.m.–10p.m.C.OnlyonweekendsD.Aftersubmittingaresearchproposal答案：A9.WhatisrequiredbeforeusingtheCNCrouter?A.AmedicalcertificateB.AshorttrainingsessionC.ArefundabledepositD.Afacultyreference答案：B10.Wherecanusersdownloaddesigntemplates?A.MoodleB.GitHubC.D.BaiduCloud答案：CTask2Vocabulary&Structure(每题1分，共20分)11.Becausetheexperimentinvolveshighvoltage,youmust______allsafetyprotocols.A.observeB.overlookC.resumeD.invent答案：A12.Thenewequationis______totheoneproposedbyNewtonin1687.A.equivalentB.ambiguousC.verticalD.subjective答案：A13.Thetechnicianaskedustokeepthesamplesinthe______chamberat−20°C.A.humidityB.thermalC.refrigerationD.vacuum答案：C14.Ifthetorque______toohigh,theshaftwilldeform.A.exceedsB.proceedsC.retreatsD.sustains答案：A15.Theprofessorinsistedthateverygraph______invectorformat.A.issubmittedB.besubmittedC.wassubmittedD.hassubmitted答案：B16.Thesmallerthestandarddeviation,the______themeasurement.A.morepreciseB.lessaccurateC.moreneutralD.lesssignificant答案：A17.Therobotarmneeds______onceasemester.A.tocalibrateB.calibratingC.calibratedD.calibrate答案：B18.Notuntilthecircuitwasdisconnected______howserioustheoverloadwas.A.didwerealizeB.werealizedC.wehadrealizedD.hadwerealized答案：A19.Thesoftwareupdateiscompatible______Windows,macOSandLinux.A.toB.forC.withD.on答案：C20.Thelabdirector,togetherwithtwopostdocs,______attendingthewebinar.A.areB.isC.haveD.were答案：B21.Theinstrumentcandetectchanges______thescaleofnanometers.A.onB.atC.inD.to答案：B22.Themoredampingthesystemhas,the______theoscillationdiesout.A.fasterB.slowerC.higherD.lower答案：A23.Themanualrecommends______thedeviceevery30days.A.inspectB.inspectingC.toinspectD.inspected答案：B24.Thevoltagedividerformula______asfollows:Vout=Vin×R2⁄(R1+R2).A.expressesB.isexpressedC.expressingD.hasexpressed答案：B25.Thedatasetwas______largethatitcrashedthespreadsheet.A.veryB.tooC.soD.such答案：C26.Thereactionwillproceed______theactivationenergyissupplied.A.onceB.unlessC.whereasD.although答案：A27.Thesteppermotormovedin______of1.8degrees.A.intervalsB.incrementsC.sequencesD.ratios答案：B28.ThereportisduenextFriday;______wemustfinishtheteststomorrow.A.howeverB.thereforeC.meanwhileD.nevertheless答案：B29.Theamplifier’sgainissetto10,______theoutputis5Vwhentheinputis0.5V.A.soB.butC.orD.yet答案：A30.Thediodepreventsthecurrentfromflowing______thewrongdirection.A.inB.onC.toD.at答案：ATask3Cloze(每题1分，共10分)通读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whendesigningalow-passfilterforananalog-to-digitalconverter,thechoiceofcomponentvaluesisnotarbitrary.First,thecut-offfrequencymustbesetto___31___halfofthesamplingfrequencytosatisfytheNyquistcriterion.Acommon___32___istouseasecond-orderSallen-Keytopologybecauseitofferslowsensitivitytocomponenttolerances.Theresistorvaluesshouldbe___33___inthekilo-ohmrangetominimizenoisewhileavoidingexcessive___34___drawfromthesensor.CapacitorsmustbeNP0ceramicorfilmtypestoguarantee___35___stabilityovertemperature.Beforesoldering,aMonteCarlosimulationis___36___toverifythatthe3dBpointremainswithin±5%evenifresistorsvaryby±1%.AfterthePCBisfabricated,thetracebetweentheop-ampoutputandtheADCinputshouldbekeptas___37___aspossibletoreducestraycapacitance.Aguardringtiedtotheanalogground___38___leakagecurrents.Finally,thefilter’sresponseisvalidatedwithanetworkanalyzer;iftheroll-offistoogradual,theordercanbe___39___byaddinganotherstage.Conversely,ifthepass-bandrippleisexcessive,thedampingratiocanbe___40___.31.A.preciselyB.roughlyC.slightlybelowD.exactly答案：C32.A.practiceB.mythC.drawbackD.dilemma答案：A33.A.selectedB.rejectedC.amplifiedD.grounded答案：A34.A.voltageB.currentC.powerD.impedance答案：B35.A.thermalB.mechanicalC.chemicalD.optical答案：A36.A.runB.ignoredC.postponedD.duplicated答案：A37.A.narrowB.longC.shortD.thick答案：C38.A.attractsB.repelsC.cancelsD.amplifies答案：C39.A.increasedB.decreasedC.fixedD.reversed答案：A40.A.raisedB.loweredC.lockedD.inverted答案：BTask4ReadingComprehension(每题2分，共20分)Passage1Carbon-fiber-reinforcedpolymer(CFRP)compositesareincreasinglyusedinaerospaceprimarystructuresbecauseoftheirhighspecificstiffnessandstrength.However,theiranisotropicnatureintroduceschallengesinjointdesign.Traditionalboltedjointscreatestressconcentrationsthatreducethelaminate’stensilecapacitybyupto40%.Tomitigatethis,researchershaveproposedhybridjointsthatcombineadhesivebondingwithmechanicalfasteners.Finite-elementanalysesshowthatthepeakshearstressintheadhesivelayercanbereducedby25%whentitaniumboltsareadded,providedtheboltpitchislessthanfourtimesthelaminatethickness.Experimentaltestsvalidatedthemodelwithin3%error.Thehybridjointincreasedthefailureloadby32%whilemaintainingthesamemass.41.WhatisthemaindisadvantageofconventionalboltedjointsinCFRP?A.HighcostB.StressconcentrationC.CorrosionD.Thermalexpansion答案：B42.Byhowmuchcanthepeakshearstressbereducedwhenboltsareadded?A.15%B.20%C.25%D.30%答案：C43.Whatconditionmustbesatisfiedtoachievethestressreduction?A.Boltpitch<4×laminatethicknessB.Adhesivethickness>1mmC.Boltpreload>20kND.Curetemperature>180°C答案：A44.Howaccuratewasthefinite-elementmodelcomparedwithexperiment?A.1%B.3%C.5%D.7%答案：B45.Whatwastheincreaseinfailureload?A.22%B.27%C.32%D.37%答案：CPassage2TheInternetofThings(IoT)istransformingcivilinfrastructurethroughembeddedsensing.AbridgeinMinnesotanowhosts500wirelessnodesthatmeasurestrain,temperatureandhumidityevery15minutes.DataareaggregatedviaLoRaWANgatewaystoacloudserverrunningmachine-learningalgorithms.Anomalydetectionhassuccessfullypredictedtwoinstancesofbearingdeformationsixweeksbeforevisualinspectioncouldrevealthem.Powerconsumptionisminimizedbyduty-cyclingtheradioat0.7%andusingenergy-harvestingcircuitsthatconvertvibrationinto2.4mW.Theentirenetworkcanoperatemaintenance-freefor10years.46.Howoftenaredatacollected?A.EveryminuteB.EveryfiveminutesC.Everyquarter-hourD.Everyhour答案：C47.Whattypeofwirelessprotocolisused?A.Wi-FiB.LoRaWANC.ZigbeeD.5G答案：B48.Howearlywasbearingdeformationpredicted?A.TwoweeksB.FourweeksC.SixweeksD.Eightweeks答案：C49.Whatistheaveragepowersuppliedbytheenergyharvester?A.0.24mWB.2.4mWC.24mWD.240mW答案：B50.Howlongcanthenetworkrunwithoutmaintenance?A.5yearsB.8yearsC.10yearsD.12years答案：CTask5Translation(共20分)SectionAEnglish→Chinese(每题3分，共15分)51.ThemicrocontrollerenterssleepmodeoncetheADCconversioniscomplete,therebycuttingthecurrentconsumptionfrom12mAto3µA.答案：一旦ADC转换完成，微控制器便进入睡眠模式，从而将电流消耗从12毫安降至3微安。52.Aphase-lockedloopsynchronizestheoutputfrequencyofthevoltage-controlledoscillatorwiththereferencecrystaltowithin1ppm.答案：锁相环将压控振荡器的输出频率与参考晶振同步，误差在1ppm以内。53.Thefinite-elementmeshwasrefinediterativelyuntilthestresssingularityatthecracktipconvergedtoastablevalue.答案：有限元网格经过迭代细化，直到裂纹尖端的应力奇异性收敛至稳定值。54.Bydopingthesiliconwithphosphorus,theresistivitydropsbythreeordersofmagnitudewithoutcompromisingthecarrierlifetime.答案：通过向硅中掺入磷，电阻率下降三个数量级，且载流子寿命不受影响。55.Thedrone’sflightcontrollerfusesIMUdatawithGPSmeasurementsusinganextendedKalmanfiltertoestimateattitudeinrealtime.答案：无人机的飞控通