高考英语一轮复习外刊精读与练习Day36科学实验像屠宰场？器官芯片或将拯救数百万实验动物任务单

Step1:ReadingStep1:ReadingWecanstopsacrificingmillionsoflivesforourownhealth科学实验像屠宰场？器官芯片或将拯救数百万实验动物​​语境：人与科技改编自：卫报ArticleMainideaScience,forallitsbenefits,operatesinamoralgreyarea.Weseldomacknowledgehowprofoundlyanimallife

underwrites

(支撑，资助)theresearchyieldingourmedicinesandsafetyregulations.IntheUKalone,2024saw2.64millionofficially

sanctioned

(批准的)scientificproceduresonliveanimals,manycausingdistressordeath.However,arecentgovernmentstrategyproposesphasingoutanimaltesting,suggestingthatemergingtechnologiescouldlargelyreplaceanimalsinourscientific

endeavours

(努力，尝试).提出科学研究的伦理困境，通过具体数据指出动物实验的广泛性与代价，并引出英国政府旨在用技术替代动物实验的新战略。TheUKhaspreviouslybannedanimaltestingfor

cosmetics

(化妆品)andrestricteditsresearchuse.Yet,needlesslycruelpracticespersist,suchastheForcedSwimTeston

rodents

(啮齿动物).Thegovernmentisnoweffectivelybanningnewlicensesforsuchtestsandsettingtargetstoendthetestingof

caustic

(腐蚀性的)chemicalsoneyesandskin.Thisprogressiswele,butmanywidespreadpractices,likeinducing

tumours

(肿瘤)inmiceforcancerresearch,remainaccepteddespitetheir

barbarity

(野蛮).Whenanimalwelfareclasheswithhumanbenefit,collectivepassionoftenreachesitslimit.Successhingesonconvincingbothscientistsandthepublicthattrustedmethodscanbereplacedbyequallyormoreeffectivealternatives.阐述英国在限制动物实验方面的既有进展与当前行动，同时指出公众对某些残酷实验的矛盾接受态度，并点明推动变革的关键在于证明替代方案的有效性。Fortunately,viablealternativesareemerging.“Organonachip”systemsuselabgrowncellstosimulatebodilyfunctions.Meanwhile,machinelearningexcelsatpredictingdrug

toxic

(有毒的)effects.Thesemethodswon’tofferperfecthumaninsights,butneitherdoanimaltests,asevidencedbyclassic

cautionary

(告诫的)taleslikeparacetamol’stoxicitytocats.UnlikevagueAIstrategies,thisplanappearsconcrete.Itmits£60minfunding,focusesonvalidatingspecificanimalfreealternatives,and

hearteningly

(令人鼓舞地)outlinesadecadelongroadmapfortheirmaturation,avoidingthepitfalloftreatingtechnologyasacureall.具体介绍有前景的替代技术（器官芯片、人工智能），并论证其可行性——通过指出动物实验自身也存在局限性，从而削弱对新技术的过高预期，同时肯定新战略的具体性和可操作性。Thisshiftrepresentsbothascientificandeconomicopportunity.Animaltestingisnotonlyethicallyfraughtbutalsocostlyandslow.WiththeEUandUSalsoseekingreductions,thereisaglobalmarketfortherelevant

knowhow

(专业知识).Mostimportantly,amoral

imperative

(必要的事，义务)existstofreetheseanimals.Whilepastpoliciesreducedtheuseof

charismatic

(有超凡魅力的，指招人喜爱的)specieslikedogs,today95%oflabanimalsarerodents,birds,orfish.They,too,deserveethicalconsiderationaswestriveforhumanescientificprogress.从伦理、经济和全球趋势三个层面总结告别动物实验的必然性与意义，并以对非“魅力型”实验动物的伦理关怀作结，升华主题。文章命题思路中心主题：

在伦理责任、科学进步与经济利益的多重驱动下，利用具体可行的技术方案逐步取代动物实验，不仅是可能的，更是必要且紧迫的。逻辑流向：提出问题分析现状与挑战提出解决方案并论证其可行性总结意义与升华呼吁StepStep2:Exercise第一部分：【基础版】适合成绩约90分学生WhatisthemainpurposeoftheUKgovernment'snewstrategymentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Toincreasefundingforanimaltestingprocedures.B.Tograduallystopusinganimalsinscientificexperiments.C.Toofficiallysanctionmoreanimaltestingformedicalresearch.D.Toacknowledgethecontributionsofanimallifetoscience.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingpracticesistheUKgovernmenttakingactiontostop?A.Testingcosmeticsonhumanvolunteers.B.Usingdogsandhorsesinanyexperiment.C.TheForcedSwimTestandtestingcausticchemicalsonanimals.D.Allcancerresearchinvolvingmice.Whatdoestheword“alternatives”inparagraph3mostlikelyreferto?A.Newgovernmentpoliciesandstricterregulations.B.Differentspeciesofanimalsusedfortesting.C.NonanimalmethodslikeorganonachipandAIsystems.D.Classiccautionarytalesfrompastscientificmistakes.WhatisakeyadvantageofthenewstrategyparedtogeneralAIstrategies,asperparagraph3?A.Itrequireslessfunding.B.Ithasaspecific,actionableplanwithcleargoals.C.Itguaranteesthatallnewmethodswillbeperfect.D.Itfocusesonlyonpopular,charismaticanimalspecies.Whatistheauthor’sprimaryargumentinthefinalparagraph?A.Animaltestingisthecheapestmethodforscientificresearch.B.Onlyrodentsandfishshouldbeusedinlabsforethicalreasons.C.Movingawayfromanimaltestingisanethicaldutyandaglobaleconomicopportunity.D.TheUSandEUhavealreadypletelyendedanimalexperimentation.第二部分：【提高版】适合成绩约130分学生Theauthordescribesscienceasa“moralgreyarea”inthebeginningprimarilyto______.A.criticizeallscientificprogressasfundamentallyunethicalB.introducethecentralethicaldilemmathatthearticlewillexploreC.arguethatanimaltestinghasnoscientificvaluewhatsoeverD.praisetheUKgovernmentforitsclearmoralstanceInparagraph2,theauthormentionsthatpracticeslikegivingmicetumoursare“stillconsideredacceptable”bymostpeople.Whatistheintendedeffectofthisstatement?A.Toshowthatthepublicispletelyunawareofthesepractices.B.Tohighlightacontradictionbetweenperceivedacceptabilityandthedescribed“barbarity,”thusplicatingtheethicaldebate.C.Toarguethatthesepracticesarescientificallynecessaryandshouldcontinue.D.Toprovethatthegovernment’snewstrategyisunnecessary.Howdoestheauthordeveloptheargumentinparagraph3regardingtheeffectivenessofnewtechnologies?A.Bydismissingallnewtechnologiesasinferiortoanimaltesting.B.Byusingaconcessionandrebuttalstrategy—acknowledgingtheirlimitationswhilearguinganimaltestssharethesameflaws.C.Byprovidingextensivefinancialdatatoprovetheircosteffectiveness.D.Byparingthemonlytothefailedexampleofthalidomide.Whatdoestheauthorimplybystatingthatpastpoliciesreducedtheuseof“charismaticspecies”whilemostlabanimalsarenowrodentsandfish?A.Publicconcernandpolicyareeasilyswayedbyhowlikableananimalis,raisingquestionsaboutconsistentethics.B.Rodentsandfisharelessintelligentandthereforemoresuitablefortesting.C.Theproblemofanimaltestinghasbeenvirtuallysolvedforallspecies.D.Dogsandhorsesarenolongerusefulforscientificresearch.Whichofthefollowingbestcapturesthearticle’soveralltoneandperspective?A.Uncaringlytechnicalandfullysupportiveofunrestrictedanimaltesting.B.Emotionallyoutraged,demandingtheimmediateandtotalabolitionofallanimaltesting.C.Rationallypersuasive,acknowledgingplexitieswhileadvocatingforapractical,technologydriventransition.D.Deeplyskepticalandpessimisticaboutthepossibilityofanychange.(三)答案与解析第一部分：基础版答案与解析答案：

1.B,2.C,3.C,4.B,5.C解析：答案：B解析：

文章第一段末尾明确指出，“arecentgovernmentstrategyproposesphasingoutanimaltesting”，即“一项近期政府战略提议逐步淘汰动物试验”。“phaseout”意为“逐步停止”，与选项B“graduallystop”直接对应。选项A和C与文章意思相反，选项D是描述现状，而非新战略的目的。答案：C解析：

文章第二段提到，“Thegovernmentisnoweffectivelybanningnewlicensesforsuchtests(指ForcedSwimTest)andsettingtargetstoendthetestingofcausticchemicalsoneyesandskin.”这与选项C描述的内容完全一致。选项A和B在文中未提及，选项D中的“Allcancerresearch”过于绝对，文中只提到这是一种仍被接受的做法，并未说要全部停止。答案：C解析：

第三段开头提出“viablealternativesareemerging”，紧接着用“‘Organonachip’systems”和“machinelearning”作为例子进行具体说明。因此，“alternatives”指代的就是这些“非动物方法”。选项A、B、D均不是该段所讨论的替代方案。答案：B解析：

文章第三段后半部分指出，60m...roadmap...strategies,thisplanappearsconcrete.Itmits£60m...andoutlinesadecadelongroadmap...”这表明新战略的优势在于其具体、可执行的计划与清晰的目标。选项A、C的表述与文章内容不符，选项D并非其比较优势。答案：C解析：

最后一段的主题句表明这种转变是“bothascientificandeconomicopportunity”，并强调“amoralimperativeexiststofreetheseanimals”。选项C综合了这两个核心点：伦理责任和全球经济机遇。选项A与文中“costly”相反，选项B过于绝对且非作者主要论点，选项D的“pletelyended”与文中的“seekingreductions”不符。第二部分：提高版答案与解析答案：

1.B,2.B,3.B,4.A,5.C解析：答案：B解析：

开篇的“moralgreyarea”（道德灰色地带）是一个比喻，意在引出全文探讨的核心矛盾：科学进步依赖于在伦理上存疑的动物实验。这并非全盘否定科学（A），也非直接赞扬政府（D），而是为下文的详细讨论设定一个辩证的基调，引入核心伦理困境。答案：B解析：

作者将“barbarity”（野蛮）与“acceptable”（可接受）并置，旨在揭示公众认知中的一种矛盾或双重标准：即使认识到其残酷性，出于对人类利益的考量，人们仍可能接受它。这使伦理讨论复杂化，也解释了推行改革需要“convincethepublic”的原因。选项A和D不符合文意，选项C与作者总体倾向不符。答案：B解析：

作者在论证新技术的有效性时采用了经典的让步反驳法。先承认“Theseapproacheswon’talwaysprovideperfectinsight”，随后用“butofcourseneitherdoanimaltests”进行反驳，并举例佐证。这表明新技术虽不完美，但传统动物实验同样存在根本缺陷，从而支持了替代方案的合理性。选项A与作者观点相反，C和D只涉及论据的局部，不是核心论证方法。答案：A解析：

作者指出，过去政策减少了“招人喜爱的”动物（如狗、马）的使用，而如今实验室中绝大多数是啮齿类、鸟类或鱼类。这暗示了政策与公众情绪可能受动物外貌和情感共鸣的影响，而非基于一致的伦理原则（所有动物都应免受痛苦）。这引发了对于伦理考量是否真正一视同仁的质疑。选项B和C是错误解读，选项D文中未提及。答案：C解析：

纵观全文，作者客观陈述了动物实验的规模与争议，分析了政府战略的细节与优势，探讨了替代技术的潜力与挑战，并最终从伦理、科学、经济多角度论证转型的必要性。其语调是理性、平衡且有说服力的，既认识到问题的复杂性，又明确支持一种务实、技术驱动的变革路径。选项A、B、D分别体现了冷漠、激进或悲观的态度，均与文章整体语气不符。StepStep3:Learningacknowledge重点：v.承认；对…表示感谢；告知收到。考查形式：动词，常用sth./thatgesth./that从句或acknowledgedoing。近义词：admit,recognize,concede反义词：deny,ignore,disregard拓展：acknowledgement(n.承认；感谢；收悉通知)procedure重点：n.程序，步骤，手续；手术。考查形式：名词，常指正式或既定的步骤(scientific/legal/medicalprocedure)。近义词：process,routine,protocol,operation拓展：procedural(adj.程序上的)phaseout重点：v.短语动词，意为“逐步淘汰，分阶段停止”。考查形式：动词短语，其名词形式为phaseout。近义词：eliminategradually,discontinue,withdraw反义词：introduce,implement,phasein(逐步采用)形近词：phrase(n.短语)strategy重点：n.战略，策略。考查形式：名词，指为实现长期目标而制定的全面计划。近义词：plan,approach,policy,blueprint拓展：strategic(adj.战略的)strategist(n.战略家)restrict重点：v.限制，约束。考查形式：动词，常用restrictsth.或restrictsb./sth.tosth.。近义词：limit,confine,curb,restrain反义词：allow,permit,expand,liberate拓展：restriction(n.限制)restrictive(adj.限制性的)persist重点：v.持续存在；坚持。考查形式：动词，persistin(doing)sth.坚持做某事；persist单独使用表示问题等持续存在。近义词：continue,endure,persevere,last反义词：cease,stop,disappear,giveup拓展：persistent(adj.持续的；坚持不懈的)persistence(n.坚持；持续)effective重点：adj.有效的，产生预期效果的。考查形式：形容词，可作定语或表语，注意与efficient（有效率的）区别。近义词：successful,efficient,potent,valid反义词：ineffective,useless,futile拓展：effect(n.效果v.实现)effectively(adv.有效地；实际上)concrete重点：adj.具体的，实在的；混凝土的。考查形式：形容词，与vague（模糊的）相对，指有明确细节和内容的。熟词生意：n.混凝土。近义词：specific,tangible,definite,real反义词：abstract,vague,theoretical形近词：concern(v.涉及，担心)mit重点：v.承诺，投入；犯（错）；把…交给。考查形式：动词，mitmoney/timeto(doing)sth.投入资金/时间；mitoneselfto承诺。近义词：dedicate,devote,pledge,assign拓展：mitment(n.承诺；奉献；投入)mitted(adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的)validate重点：v.证实，验证；使生效。考查形式：动词，指通过证据或权威确认某事的真实性或有效性。近义词：confirm,verify,authenticate,substantiate反义词：invalidate,disprove,refute拓展：validation(n.确认，验证)valid(adj.有效的；合理的)opportunity重点：n.机会，时机。考查形式：名词，常用opportunityforsth./todosth.，注意与chance（机会，可能性）的区别。近义词：chance,prospect,opening反义词：setback,obstacle,missedchanceethically重点：adv.伦理上，道德上。考查形式：副词，修饰形容词或整个句子，如ethicallyfraught（充满伦理争议的）。近义词：morally,righteously反义词：unethically,immorally拓展：ethical(adj.伦理的，道德的)ethics(n.伦理学；道德准则)costly重点：adj.昂贵的，代价高的。考查形式：形容词，不仅指金钱成本高，也指时间、精力或后果的代价大。近义词：expensive,dear,highpriced,detrimental反义词：cheap,inexpensive,economicalglobal重点：adj.全球的，全世界的；整体的。考查形式：形容词，作定语(globalmarket/warming/trend)。近义词：worldwide,international,universal反义词：local,regional,national拓展：globalize(v.全球化)globalization(n.全球化)market重点：n.市场；需求；集市v.营销。考查形式：名词/动词。考查重点：amarketforsth.（对某物的市场需求）。近义词：marketplace,demand,bazaar(n.);promote,sell(v.)拓展：marketing(n.市场营销)moral重点：adj.道德的；精神上的n.寓意，道德。考查形式：形容词/名词。注意：moraldilemma/issue/imperative（道德困境/问题/义务）。近义词：ethical,righteous,virtuous(adj.);lesson,teaching(n.)反义词：immoral,unethical,amoral(adj.)拓展：morality(n.道德)morally(adv.道德上)deserve重点：v.值得，应得。考查形式：动词，deservesth./todosth.，不用于进行时态。近义词：merit,beworthyof,earn形近词：desert(n.沙漠v.遗弃)，dessert(n.甜点)consideration重点：n.考虑；体贴；报酬。考查形式：名词，takesth.intoconsideration（考虑某事），showconsiderationfor（体谅…）。近义词：thought,deliberation,regard,factor反义词：disregard,neglect拓展：consider(v.考虑；认为)considerable(adj.相当大/多的)considerate(adj.体贴的)progress重点：n.进步，进展；前进v.进步，进行。考查形式：名词（不可数）和动词。makeprogressin（在…取得进展）。近义词：advancement,development,headway(n.);advance,proceed(v.)反义词：regress,decline,setback(n.)拓展：progressive(adj.进步的；逐步的)plex重点：adj.复杂的，复合的n.建筑群；情结。考查形式：形容词，描述事物多部分交织、难以理解。近义词：plicated,intricate,sophisticated反义词：