基础英语考研天津外国语大学《701基础英语+汉语》考研真题

基础英语考研天津外国语大学《701基础英语+汉语》

考研真题

一、天津外国语大学701(基础英语+汉语)YZ真题及详解

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Writeyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

1.TheNewHistoricistsinAmericaandtheirinBritain,thenCultural

Materialists”,haveproducedasubstantialbodyofworkonRenaissance

literatureandsociety.

A.counterparts

B.dichotomies

C.allegiances

D.antagonists

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：美国新历史主义者和英国文化唯物论者在文艺复兴时期

的文学和社会方面，著述颇丰。counterpart双方相应的、有相同功能的人或物。

dichotomy二分法,分裂。allegiance忠贞，效忠。antagonist敌手,对手。

2.For,itwasapainfultime:Theyhadtoquitusingdrugsbecause

theycouldnotgetany.Itwasnoteasytomakethemseetheharmof

drugabuse.

A.drugtraffickers

B.addicts

C.dependents

D.moneylaunderers

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：对瘾君子来说，因得不到任何毒品，不得不停止吸毒是

很痛苦的：addict上瘾的人。trafficker干非法勾当者.dependent依赖另!）人、

尤指经济援助的人。moneylaunderer非法洗钱者。

3.PeoplewereconfusedwhenHowardDean,theoftheDonkey

triedtosellhisplanwhichsoundedsomuchRepublican.

A.pastor

B.publicservant

C.liaison

D.archbishop

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：民主党官员霍华德•迪恩宣扬的计划带有浓厚的共和党色

彩，人们因此感到困惑。Donkey在美国象征民主党。publicservant公务员。

pastor牧师。liaison联络，私通。archbishop大主教，主教长。

4.Whentheresortcouldnotgettheliftworkingagain,skipatrollers

rescuedthestrandedpassengersbytraversingthecableusingrescue

equipmentinaonewitnesslikenedtosomethingoutofaJames

Bondmovie.

A.scene

B.feat

C.hone

D.phantom

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：滑雪巡逻队借助营救设施穿越缆绳，营救陷入困境的乘

客。营救场面可以和007电影中的场面相比。scene场面，情景。feat技艺，

功绩。hone磨刀石,油石。phantom幻影，幽灵。JamesBond,007系列电

影中的主角。

5.KoizumichosetoSino-Japaneserelationssoastocreate

domesticconditionsforthediplomacyoverhaul.

A.aggregate

B.please

C.acerbate

D.alleviate

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：E本首相小泉决定缓和中曰关系，为外交改革创造国内

环境。alleviate减轻，缓和。aggregate聚集，集合。please使喜欢，取悦。

exacerbate恶化，激怒,使加剧，使烦恼。

6.Thereisnoevidencethatproperlycookedpoultryoreggscanbe

A.asourceofinfection

B.poisonoustolife

C.locatedasharmful

D.determinedcontagious

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意:没有证据证明煮熟的家禽或禽蛋会是传染源。asourceof

infection传染源。病毒才关乎有害或传染，家禽或禽蛋只关乎传染源。因此，B、

C、D三项放在这里句意不对。

7.Seven-eightyearsoldWilsonlosthislifewhenapproachinga

whirlpoolformedbythefloodingofwaterandsewageinHavana,Cuba,

afterthedevastatingofHurricaneWilma.

A.passage

B.round

C.route

D.assault

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：飓风维尔玛横扫古巴哈瓦那后，78岁的老威尔逊在靠近

一个洪水和污水形成的漩涡时丧命。assault攻击，袭击。passage通道。round

巡回，轮唱。route路线。

8.Voicesofthemedia,especiallyofthemainstreammedia,have

representedthecommonperspectiveofsociety,selite,butfewanalyses

havegonedeepintotheproblemandtherepeatedstresseson

self-examinationturnout.

A.tobestereotypes

B.tobeawail

C.tobenonsense

D.tobecliches

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：媒体尤其是主流媒体的声音，代表的是社会精英阶层的

普遍观点。但很少有人深入分析这个问题，对自我反省的反复强调变成了一种陈

词滥调。dich6陈腐的词语或主意。stereotype形象、人物、思想等模式化，无

个性。wail悲叹，哀号。nonsense胡说，废话。

9.Theyhavelongmaintainedthatanysolutiontothecurrentproblems

intheMiddleEastshouldbebasedonthedemandsandaspirationof

localpeopleanditisunreasonabletoanyprogramunacceptableto

regionalcountries.

A.advert

B.reverse

C.impose

D.veto

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：他们长期主张基于当地人的要求和愿望解决中东当前问

题。企图将该地区国家不能接受的行为强加给它们，是不理智的。impose强迫

（某人）接受，强加。advert注意，留意。reverse颠倒，倒|转。veto否决,

禁止。

10.Aspartoftheextensiverevampinginpreparationforthe2008

summerOlympics,atotalofsixWorldCulturalHeritagesiteswillgeta

,torestoretheirancientluster.

A.plasticsurgery

B.facelift

C.reshaping

D.facilitation

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：作为为2008年奥运会而进行大翻修的一部分，六处世

界文化遗址将进行整修，以重新焕发古老魅力。facelift翻新，整修。plastic

surgery整形手术，尤指通过组织移植的外科学对身体重塑或修补。reshape改

造,再成形。facilitation简易化,助长。

11.Thenationalismisnationalismwithoutbrakes:inthenameof

lovingthecountry,itsdemandsareunrestrained,devoidofanykindof

universalisticconsiderations.

A.invidious

B.sheer

C.trivial

D.impeding

【答案】A食看答案

【解析】句意：招人怨尤的民族主义没有任何顾忌：它打着爱国旗号，

无限制地提出要求，不考虑任何普遍观点。invidious易招怨恨的，引起不满的。

sheer全然，纯粹。trivial微不足道的。impeding妨碍的，阻止的。

12.Languageanxietyisoccurringwhenalearnerisexpectedto

performinthesecondorforeignlanguage.

A.comprehension

B.apprehension

C.tranquility

D.nonchalance

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：语言焦虑是指学习者用第二语言表现自己时的忧虑。

apprehension担心，忧虑。comprehension理解,包含。tranquility宁静。

nonchalance冷漠，不关心。

13.HisinterestinactivitiestookhimtoislandsintheBahamasand

toicymountainstreams.

A.physical

B.intellectual

C.dexterous

D.piscatorial

【答案】D食看答案

【解析】句意：对捕鱼的着迷促使他前去巴哈马群岛和冰山河流。

piscatorial捕鱼的,渔民的。physical身体的,物理的。intellectual智力的。

dexterous灵巧的，惯用右手的。

14.Liu'santicseventuallybroughttothatastonishedthe

wholenation.

A.arumor,allegiance

B.themurder,affirmation

C.afraudcase,light

D.thestage,wonderland

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意刘的荒唐行径最终使一项震惊全国的诈骗案被告破。bring

tolight揭示，揭露。

15.AredtideofalgaewasfoundforthefirsttimeinBohai,China;

sinlandsea,onJune11.Ithasprovedtobethemostseriousyet

discoveredinthecountry.

A.devouring,contamination

B.toxic,occurrence

C.malicious,redtide

D.relinquish,catastrophe

【答案】B食看答案

【解析】句意：6月11日，中国内海渤海第一次发现带有有毒藻类的赤

潮。这是目前国内发现的最严重的赤潮现象。toxic有毒的，中毒的。occurrence

发生，事件。devour•吞没，毁灭，狼吞虎咽。contamination污染物。malicious

恶毒的。relinquish放弃。catastrophe大灾难。

16.Russia,senvironmentalwatchdogsaidthecouldreachthefirst

Russianinthenexttwotothreedays,whiletheEmergencies

MinistrysaiditcouldstartaffectingthemajorcityofKhabarovskby

December10-12.

A.earthquake,village

B.flood,victims

C.mud-slide,frontiers

D.spill,settlements

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：俄罗斯环境监管部门称，水流在未来两三天内能到达俄

罗斯境内的居民点。俄罗斯紧急情况部则称，在12月10至12日前，水流将开

始影响俄罗斯主要城市哈巴罗夫斯克。spill溢出，溅出，水流。settlement定

1居点。

17.Beijinghastriedtoonunsafeconditionsnationwide,but

authoritiessaylocalofficialsleavemanyminesopeninorderto

raiseprofit.

A.crackdown,questionable

B.harness,small

C.close,dangerous

D.issuepolicies,private

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：中央在全国范围内严厉取缔不符合安全条件的煤矿，但

领导称，地方官员为了盈利，留下了很多问题煤矿。crackdownonsth.严厉取

缔questionable有问题的，靠不住的。

18.InChina,teaisdrunknotonlyasatokeepcoldsandcoughs

awayinwinter,butalsoasaprovidingforthebodyindry,hot

weather.

A.medicine,tenderizer,lubrication

B.remedy,tonic,energy

C.antibiotic,brewer,lubrication

D.way,soother,energy

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：茶不仅可以作为在冬天用来抵御感冒咳嗽的药物，还可

以作为在燥热天气为身体提供能量的一种滋补品。remedy药物，治疗。tonic

滋补品。tenderizer使肉软嫩之物质。lubrication润滑油。antibiotic抗生素。

brewer泡制用具。

19.Anationalcampaignhasbeenrecentlytoraisethemoral

standardsoftheyoungergeneration,butwehavefailedtoto

improvingtheirparents,manners.

A.spotted,placenecessaryemphasis

B.launched,attachequalimportance

C.witnessed,valuethesignificance

D.discovered,lookintotheissue

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：为提高下一代的道德水平，最近发起一项全国运动。但

我们未能同等重视父辈品德的提高。固定搭配launchacampaign,发起运动。

attachimportanceto重视。

20.Accordingtoindustryanalysts,thestipulationwhichrequiresthatall

landusedforconstructionmustbeauctionedwillbothillegalland

exchangeandthosedevelopersnotcutoutfortherealityof

realestate.

A.deter,weedout,cut-throat

B.punish,warn,severe

C.wipeout,hinder,prominent

D.stunt,impede,exorbitant

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：根据行业分析专家的分析，所有建筑用地都必须进行拍

卖这一规定，将会防止非法土地交易，并将那些没有相当素质的开发商从过热的

房地产开发中淘汰掉。deter(使)决定不做某事。weedout淘汰,剔除。

cut-throat危险的，残酷的。

II.Readcarefullythefollowingpassage(whichforyourconveniencehas

beendividedintothreesections)andthenanswerthequestions.(20

points)

[A]Therearethreefactorsofawe-inspiringmagnitudefacingthosewho

seekadventureamongthehighestpeaks.Theyarethismatterofvertical

scale,theclimaticconditionsandtheclimbingdifficulties.Letuslookat

altitudefirst.

TherarefiedairsurroundingtheupperpartofEverestobviouslymakes

movement,evenovereasyground,muchmoredifficult.Lackofoxygen

alsoslowsdownandblursthemenialprocesses.Beyondacertainpoint

lifeitselfisnolongerpossible.Ontheotherhand,itisnowsufficiently

establishedthattheill-effectsofaltitudeontheclimbermayatleastbe

retardedbyacarefulregimenofwhatwecallacclimatization,agradual

gettingusedtoincreasingheightoveracertainperiodoftime.Individual

performancesonamountainnaturallyvary,butitmaybesaidthatthose

amonguswhoarebestadaptedtoclimbhighmountains,providedthey

followthispolicyofgradualness,canreachanaltitudeofatleast21000

feetandremaintherewithoutseriousdetriment——atanyratelong

enoughtomakeasupremefinalefforttoreachahigherpoint,provided

itisnottoofarabove.

Troublebeginsabovethatheight,whichisonemainreasonwhythe

reallyhighpeaks-thoseof26000feetandover-areinadifferent

categoryofdifficultyfromanylesserones.Thepolicyofgradualness

breaksdown,forthemuscletissuesbegintodeterioratefairlyrapidly

andtheclimber'sresistancetocold,hisfortitudeinthefaceofwindand

weather,areweakened.Hetendstolosethepromptingsofappetiteand

thirstandheisdeniedtherelaxationofnormalsleep.Infact,fromabout

21000feeton-wards,hereallyneedsgreatlytospeeduptherateofhis

progressandemploy'rush'tactics.

Butthishecannotdo.Cnthecontrary,heisincreasinglyhandicappedby

theheightasheclimbsandhisprogressbecomespainfullyslow;the

mentaleffort,likethephysical,isinfinitelygreater.Ifthisistrueofeasy

ground,itisthemoresowhendifficultiesarise,evenminoroneswhich

wouldnotdeteramoderateperformeratalowerheight.Aslightchange

ofgradientmaybeastrawwhichwillbreakthecamel1sback.

ConsideringthatEverestisover29000feetandthatsome8000feet

havetobeclimbedabovethisestablishedlevelofsuccessful

acclimatization,oneaspectofourproblembecomesclear.Itwouldbe

verydesirable,inordertominimizethefactorofphysicaldeterioration,

toclimbthose8000feetinaday,oratmosttwo;butthisisclearlyquite

outofthequestion.Forsoslowlydoestheclimbermovebyhisown

unaidedefforts,thatfourorfivedayswouldberequiredtogetup,quite

apartfromthesubsequentdescent,andbyaboutthefourthdayatthe

latest,hewouldalreadybesoweakenedmentallyaswellasphysically,

thathewouldbeunlikelytohavethestrengthorthedeterminationfor

thelastlap—justwhenheneedsitmost.Thisiswhathadhappened

beforeataboutthe28000-footlevel.

[B]Buttheproblemismuchmorecomplexthanthis.Thesedaysabove

21000feetinvolvetheestablishmentofanumberofhighcamps,and

theseinturnrepresenttents,sleeping-bags,mattresses,food,cooking

equipmentandfuel,aswellasclimbinggear.Allthismustbecarriedup,

andbecauseoftheneedtoprovideevenamodicumofcomfortand一

moreimportant——protectionagainstthecold,someofthisbaggageis

inevitablyfairlyheavy.Theloadswouldbefarbeyondthecapacityof

thosedestinedtoclimbtothetop,whoshouldbesparedasmuchas

possibleforthismission;theloadsmustbecarriedupbyothersina

supportingrole.Moreover,inordertokeepthesizeandstocksofthese

highcampstoaminimum,thebaggagepartiesmustbestaggeredin

time;theloadsmustbeshiftedupwardsoveraperiodofdays.This

periodinturnislikelytobeprotractedbecausetheamountanymancan

carryathighaltitudeissosmall.

Andinthefinalstagesparticularly,thesavingoftimeisvital,notonly

becauseofphysicaldeteriorationbutalsobecauseofanotherfactor,the

mostimportantofall—weather.

[C]Onallbutthesmallestmountains,orthoseonwhichnoserious

difficultiesaremet,theweatherobviouslyplaysabigpartin

mountaineeringplans.Itimposesaserioushandicapontheclimber's

abilitytonegotiatedifficultground;itslowshisprogressandexposes

himtocoldandwind.Hemaylosehiswayandstrayontoevenmore

difficultterritory,andhemaybecomebenighted.Theperiodswhen

weatherconditionsmaybefairenoughtopermitaseriousattempton

thesummitofEverestarenotonlybriefandfewinanyoneyear;they

appeartoberareasassessedoveranumberofyears.Throughoutthe

winter,fromNovembertoMarch,afiercegaleblowsfairlyconstantly

fromthenorth-west.Itisstrong—windspeedsofatleastseventyto

eightyknotsareprobable—anditisdesperatelycold.Itscoursthe

northernflanksoftherangeanddepositssnowonthesouthernfaces;

andsnowthusoverlaidontheexistinglayerisusuallyunstableand

dangerous,foritisapttopeeloffinavalanches.

Intheearlysummeracounteringelementcomesupfromthesoutheast

intheformofthemonsoon.Thiswarm,dampwindfromtheBayof

Bengaldepositsheavysnowonthehigherflanksofthemountainbarrier;

itisparticularlyintenseinthesoutheastpartoftheHimalaya,onwhichit

unleashesitsforceboonafterreachingtheheadoftheBay,anditisin

thisareathatEverestissituated.Monsoonconditionsnormallycontinue

toprevailinthisregionuntiltowardstheendofSeptember.Some

climbingmaybedoneduringthisperiod,butthedifficultyofclimbingall

highpeaks,particularlyinthesoutheastHimalaya,isgreatlyincreasedby

thehandicapsanddangersofthedeepnewsnow.Thechancetogetup

Everestisprobablylimitedtothegap,orlull,betweenthedepartureof

theoneFuryandtheonsetoftheother;theselullsmayoccurinMayand

earlyOctober,thatis,justbeforethemonsoonsetsin,andwhenitdies

away.Thesetwofactors,thealtitudeandtheweather,tendseparately

andtogethertodefeattheclimber.Theheightweakens,slowshimdown;

itforceshimtospenddaysandnightsinthecourseofhisassaultonthe

summit;theweather,besidesaddingtothedemandsonhisenergyand

moralfortitude,conspirestodenyhimthetimeheneedstocompletehis

mission.Whereasinlowermountainsandoneasygroundtheweather

maybenomorethanahandicap,inthehighHimalayaitisdecisive,

regardlessofterrain.

Thedeductiontobedrawnfromthesetwofactorswasclearenough.We

musteithersofortifyourselvesthatwecouldcontinue,without

detriment,toliveandhaveourbeingabovethelimitofnatural

acclimatization,or,betterstill,wemustsolvetheproblemofspeed.It

wasdesirable,infact,thatweshouldmeetboththeserequirementsand

thusgivetothosechosentoattemptthesummitandtotheirsupports

somemeasureofinsuranceagainstthevagariesoftheweather,for

safetyinmountainclimoingisasmuchamatterofswiftnessasof

surenessoffoot.Eitherorbothcouldbeachievedonlybythe

administrationofoxygeninsufficientquantitiestomakeupforthe

deficiencyintheair,andforthedurationoftheupwardjourneyabove

thelimitofsuccessfulacclimatization.

Afterreadingeachofthefollowingquestions,choosetheonecorrect

answer,andindicateitbywritingdowntheletterthatstandsforit.Inall

questionsonlyoneansweriscorrect.Thisisstressedinsomequestions,

butrememberthattheruleappliestoallofthem.

FromSectionA

1.Mostreaderswillbesurprisedtoreadthat.

A.'easyground1existsatallontheupperpartofEverest

B.lackofoxygen'slowsdown1thinking

C.'beyondacertainpointlifeitselfisnolongerpossible,

D.Individualperformancesonthemountain...vary,

E.'troublebegins1above21000feet

2.'Retarded'means.

A.prevented

B.sloweddown

C.reduced

D.heldback

E.halted

3.Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphisto.

A.rouseinterestinthereader

B.summarizethemainpointsofthefollowingparagraphs

C.askquestionsthatlaterparagraphswillanswer

D.stresstheonemostimportantdifficultyinclimbingEverest

E.praisetheachievementofthosewhoclimbedEverest

4.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthattherarefiedair.

A.makesclimbingatthisheightverydifficult

B.handicapsclimbers,thoughtheycanbegraduallyaccustomedto

heightsupto21000feet

C.affectsclimbers1mindsaswellastheirbodies

D.hasverydifferenteffectsondifferentpeople

E.preventsseverephysicaleffortbymountaineers

5.Youmaynotknowtheword'regimen',butyoushouldbeableto

deducethatitmeans.

A.programmeofexercises

B.approachtotheproblem

C.prescribedwayoflife

D.controloverone'shabits

E.planning