高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 第1讲　利用语篇分析,快解七选五阅读

第1讲利用语篇分析,快解七选五阅读高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025专题概览考情表解年份卷名体裁主题设空位置主题语境主题语境内容段首段中段尾2024新课标Ⅰ卷夹叙夹议文人与自我使用词典的经验、心得与乐趣140新课标Ⅱ卷说明文人与社会如何应对过度旅游131全国甲卷说明文人与自我适度饮食131年份卷名体裁主题设空位置主题语境主题语境内容段首段中段尾2023新课标Ⅰ卷说明文人与自我自我原谅041新课标Ⅱ卷说明文人与社会如何开启艺术之旅131全国乙卷说明文人与自然室内种花养草的益处032全国甲卷说明文人与自我如何成为更有耐心的人131年份卷名体裁主题设空位置主题语境主题语境内容段首段中段尾2022新高考Ⅰ卷说明文人与社会寻找健身搭档041新高考Ⅱ卷说明文人与自我如何写文章140全国乙卷说明文人与社会维持异地友谊的方法311全国甲卷说明文人与社会不同文化的用餐礼仪131命题趋势1.近三年七选五阅读多选用说明文,偶尔也用记叙文(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)和夹叙夹议文(2024新课标Ⅰ卷),主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会、人与自然;2.文章结构清晰,过程完整,设题位置以段中居多,兼顾段首和段末,重点考查细节句,其次为过渡句和主旨句,考查考生的综合阅读能力;3.选项呈现方式更加灵活,有些选项可能只是一句话中的一部分;4.篇中长难句的数量有所增加,熟词生义和词汇活用等现象有所增加。从近几年的高考七选五来看,选材一般为说明文,文章的结构清晰,逻辑关系严谨。因此我们必须了解文章的语篇结构,掌握语篇的衔接手段,把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系,方可快速高效地解题。下面就说明文体的语篇结构进行重点分析。说明文体七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构,偶尔是“总—分—分”结构,把握整体结构和段际关系,对于标题设空类或者主旨句设空类的解答大有帮助。2022~2024年11套高考试卷中,说明文体七选五考查了10次,其文章结构有以下三种类型:结构类型图示卷别考查次数总(P1)—分

2024全国甲卷,2023全国乙卷,2022新高考Ⅱ卷,2022全国乙卷4总(P1&2)—分

2023全国甲卷,2022新高考Ⅰ卷2总—分—总

2024新课标Ⅱ卷,2023新课标Ⅰ卷,2023新课标Ⅱ卷,2022全国甲卷4[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Overtourism

Is

for

Real:How

Can

You

Help?Travel

promotes

understanding,expands

our

minds,makes

us

better

people,and

boosts

local

economies

and

communities,but

the

rapid

growth

of

travel

has

led

to

overtourism

in

certain

regions

and

destinations.

36

Certainly

not.The

loss

of

what

travel

offers

would

be

unacceptable

in

today’s

world.Here

are

some

tips

on

making

wise

decisions

to

minimize

pressure

on

the

places

we

visit

and

improve

our

experience.

●Choose

mindfully.Overvisited

destinations

are

that

way

for

a

reason:they’re

special.With

so

many

online

posts

featuring

the

same

places,it’s

easy

to

feel

like

you’re

missing

out.Go

somewhere

only

when

the

landscape,culture

or

food

deeply

draws

you.

37

●Get

creative.The

best

way

to

ease

pressure

on

over-touristed

destinations

is

to

go

somewhere

else.Though

overtourism

is

described

as

a

problem

affecting

the

entire

world,it’s

actually

concentrated

to

a

small

numberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.

38

Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?

●

39

Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.

Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(荣幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.

40

Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.

A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.▶解题之门第一步

览全文,了解篇章结构Overtourism

Is

For

Real:How

Can

You

Help?第二步

读选项,做好分类标识标记表示逻辑关系的副词及连词□标记代词

标记核心主题词汇

A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.第三步

找线索,攻克解题障碍

[Travel]promotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthof[travel]hasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.

36

Certainlynot.Thelossofwhat[travel]offerswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureon[theplaceswevisit]andimproveourexperience.

●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhere(only)whenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydraws(you).

37

●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.

38

Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?

●

39

Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.

[自主解答]

BCEAG▶分析36.根据空白处后的回答“Certainlynot.”可知,空白处应是一个疑问句,再根据关键词travel和theplaceswevisit可知,空白处应是对旅行的提问。37.前句中的only与C项中的nooneelse同义。38.E项中的undiscoveredplaces与本段中的less-visitedoptions和lesser-knownsights相呼应。39.本段中的“skipping...rushhour”与A项中的off-peak一致,强调错峰出行,故A项“淡季的时候旅游”符合语境。40.根据空白处前“参观别人称之为家的地方是一种荣幸。首先,尽自己的一分力量来保护当地的旅游特色”可知,本段建议人们保护旅行地的特色。G项givingbackto呼应了空白处前的preserve,且G项中的thecommunities与空白处后的there相呼应。课堂应用Passage

1(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).

1

Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.

Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.

2

Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConcise

Oxford

DictionaryandtheCollins

Thesaurus.

3

Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.

Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorter

Oxford

Dictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it’snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.

4

However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.

ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson’sDictionary

of

the

English

Languagepublishedin1755.“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof“dull”.

5

Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.

A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.答案与解析

【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者认为,没有编辑喜欢拼写错误的作家,所以词典对于写作来说就成了必备品。作者以自己的经历为例,说明了词典和同义词词典对于写作的重要性。1.F

此句为过渡句。上文提到“如果你想发表书籍或文章,那么提交一份完美的、专业的原稿是至关重要的”,而下文提到“没有编辑可能忍受一位不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。由此可知,F项“那就意味着好的语法和没有拼写错误”起到了承上启下的作用。2.B

此句为细节句。根据上文的“I

don’t

trust

my

laptop’s

spellchecker.”可知,B项中的“It”指代my

laptop’s

spellchecker,B项“It

takes

no

account

of

the

context.”(它不考虑语境)为正确答案。3.E

此句为主旨句。根据下文的“It

should

give

you

a

precise

definition

of

each

word...It

will

also

usually

show

how

the

word

is

pronounced.”可知,它(词典)不仅仅是关于拼写的,还给出单词的定义和读音,故选E项。4.A

此句为细节句。根据下文的“However,if

I

need

to

check

the

origin

of

a

word

or

to...”可知,A项“我不经常用这本词典”与下文的转折句相吻合。5.D

此句为过渡句。根据上文的“To

make

dictionaries

is

dull

work...”可知,编写词典是很枯燥的一件事。结合下文的“A

few

minutes

spent

casting

your

eye

over

a

page

or

two

can

be

a

rewarding

experience.”可知,花几分钟看一页或两页的词典可以是一种有益的体验。因此D项“但读词典可以是一种乐趣”起到过渡的作用,符合语境。Passage

2(2024九省联考)Common

Mistakes

New

Runners

MakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨碍)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.

6

,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.

·DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine.

7

.

·

8

Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.·Notwearingtherightequipment

9

,it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.

•Runningthroughpain

10

.Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn’tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.

A.NottakingrestdaysB.Ifyou’rejuststartingoutC.ComparingyourselftoothersD.RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE.It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF.Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG.Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweek答案与解析

【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误。6.B

上文“Running

is

a

great

way

to

get

in

shape

and

just

about

everyone

can

do

it.However,many

make

a

number

of

common

mistakes,which

can

int